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1.
N Zwicker U Theobald H Zähner H-P Fiedler 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1997,19(4):280-285
The production of EDDS (ethylene-diamine-disuccinic acid), a potential substitute for EDTA, has been optimized up to a product
concentration of 20 grams per litre in fermentations of Amycolatopsis orientalis. Decisive steps for the increase in productivity were variation of the synthetic medium composition, investigation of the
influence of metal ions on product formation, controlled feeding of carbon and nitrogen sources in fed-batch fermentations
and improvement of the downstream processing steps.
Received 05 May 1997/ Accepted in revised form 13 August 1997 相似文献
2.
Efficient production of poly(l-lactide)(PLA)-degrading enzyme was achieved by addition of 0.1% (w/v) silk fibroin powder into a liquid culture medium of an actinomycete, Amycolatopsis orientalis, without other complex nitrogen sources, such as yeast extract and peptone. Scaled-up production of the enzyme in a 5-l jar fermenter showed the possibility of producing this enzyme on an industrial scale at low production cost. The extracellular PLA-degrading enzyme showed potent degrading activity, which is effective for biological recycling of PLA, i.e., 2,000 mg/l of PLA powder was completely degraded within 8 h at 40°C using 20 mg/l purified enzyme. An optically active l-lactic acid with 600 mg/l was obtained as degradation product of PLA without undesirable racemization. 相似文献
3.
A serine protease of MW 69000 has been isolated, in homogeneous form, from the latex of Hevea brasiliensis. The enzyme, named hevain, has only limited esterolytic and proteolytic abilities, a maximum activity in the pH range 6.5–7.5, and a pI of 4.3. Hevain has a notably high content of acidic amino acids, while the aromatic residues are present in relatively minor amounts. 相似文献
4.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular poly(L-lactic acid) depolymerase from a soil isolate, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA)-degrading Amycolatopsis sp. strains K104-1 and K104-2 were isolated by screening 300 soil samples for the ability to form clear zones on the PLA-emulsified mineral agar plates. Both of the strains assimilated >90% of emulsified 0.1% (wt/vol) PLA within 8 days under aerobic conditions. A novel PLA depolymerase with a molecular weight of 24,000 was purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of strain K104-1. The purified enzyme degraded high-molecular-weight PLA in emulsion and in solid film, ultimately forming lactic acid. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 9.5, and the optimum temperature was 55 to 60 degrees C. The PLA depolymerase also degraded casein and fibrin but did not hydrolyze collagen type I, triolein, tributyrin, poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate), or poly(epsilon-caprolactone). The PLA-degrading and caseinolytic activities of the enzyme were inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but were not significantly affected by soybean trypsin inhibitor, N-tosyl-L-lysyl chloromethyl ketone, N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone, and Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. Thus, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1 excretes the unique PLA-degrading and fibrinolytic serine enzyme, utilizing extracellular polylactide as a sole carbon source. 相似文献
5.
Gene cloning and molecular characterization of an extracellular poly(L-lactic acid) depolymerase from Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1
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We have isolated a polylactide or poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA)-degrading bacterium, Amycolatopsis sp. strain K104-1, and purified PLA depolymerase (PLD) from the culture fluid of the bacterium. Here, we cloned and expressed the pld gene encoding PLD in Streptomyces lividans 1326 and characterized a recombinant PLD (rPLD) preparation. We also describe the processing mechanism from nascent PLD to mature PLD. The pld gene encodes PLD as a 24,225-Da polypeptide consisting of 238 amino acids. Biochemical and Western immunoblot analyses of PLD and its precursors revealed that PLD is synthesized as a precursor (prepro-type), requiring proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminal 35-amino-acid extension including the 26-amino-acid signal sequence and 9-residue prosequence to generate the mature enzyme of 20,904 Da. The cleavage of the prosequence was found to be autocatalytic. PLD showed about 45% similarity to many eukaryotic serine proteases. In addition, three amino acid residues, H57, D102, and S195 (chymotrypsin numbering), which are implicated in forming the catalytic triad necessary for cleavage of amide bond of substrates in eukaryotic serine proteases, were conserved in PLD as residues H74, D111, and S197. The G193 residue (chymotrypsin numbering), which is implicated in forming an oxyanion hole with residue S195 and forms an important hydrogen bond for interaction with the carbonyl group of the scissile peptide bond, was also conserved in PLD. The functional analysis of the PLD mutants H74A, D111A, and S197A revealed that residues H74, D111, and S197 are important for the depolymerase and caseinolytic activities of PLD and for cleavage of the prosequence from pro-type PLD to form the mature one. The PLD preparation had elastase activity which was not inhibited by 1 mM elastatinal, which is 10 times higher than needed for complete inhibition of porcine pancreatic elastase. The rPLD preparation degraded PLA with an average molecular mass of 220 kDa into lactic acid dimers through lactic acid oligomers and finally into lactic acid. The PLD preparation bound to high polymers of 3-hydoxybutyrate, epsilon-caprolacton, and butylene succinate as well as PLA, but it degraded only PLA. 相似文献
6.
经硫酸铵沉淀,DEAE-纤维素吸附,磷酸纤维素吸附和Sepharose4B分子筛层析四步从地中海拟无枝酸杆菌纯化得到电泳纯MCT酶,酶比活力为3.21U/mg,纯化倍数178,酶活回收14.9%。酶反应的最适pH和温度分别为7.0和35℃。纯化MCT酶对底物丙酰CoA和草酰乙酸的米氏常数分别为0.027mmol/L0.03509mmol/L.经SephadexG-150测定酶分子量为200000,SDS-取丙烯酰胺电泳凝胶显示一条分子量68000的亚基蛋白带,说明该酶由三个等大小亚基组成.薄层等电聚焦测定酶等电点为pI6.0.二价金属离子Co ̄(2+)和Fe ̄(3+)促进酶活力.采用原生质体裂解的方法发现MCT酶是可能分布于胞浆和细胞膜上. 相似文献
7.
Out of 25 Amycolatopsis strains, 15 formed clear zones on agar plate emulsified with poly(L-lactide) (PLA), suggesting a large distribution of PLA degraders within this genus. The clear zones were also observed with other polyesters and silk fibroin plates. In liquid cultures of PLA degraders, there were strains with and without ability to assimilate degradation products like L-lactic acid. 相似文献
8.
Purification and characterization of extracellular alkaline serine protease from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain S-1 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Miyaji T Otta Y Shibata T Mitsui K Nakagawa T Watanabe T Niimura Y Tomizuka N 《Letters in applied microbiology》2005,41(3):253-257
AIMS: The present study was conducted by screening soil bacteria in an attempt to isolate a bacterium that produced extracellular alkaline protease, and for purification and characterization of the protease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil bacteria were screened by growth on casein as the sole carbon source. Characterization of a strain isolated from soil of Abashiri, Japan indicated a taxonomic affiliation to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and was named S-1 strain. The purified S-1 protease, designed S. maltophilia Protease-1 (SmP-1), exhibited an optimal pH of 12.0, optimal reaction temperature of 50 degrees C and a molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The cleavage sites of the oxidized-insulin B chain by SmP-1 were identified as Leu6-Cys7, Cys7-Gly8, Tyr16-Leu17 and Leu17-Val18. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified alkaline protease was determined as NH2-SASAPMVSGVAALVLE. CONCLUSION: A novel extracellular alkaline serine protease was isolated from S. maltophilia strain S-1. The optimal pH of the proteolytic activity was pH 12.0. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The extremely high optimal pH and heat stability of the alkaline serine protease SmP-1 might make it widely applicable to food and other industries. 相似文献
9.
Murata T Amarume S Hattori T Tokuyama S Tokuyasu K Kawagishi H Usui T 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,336(2):514-520
We report a novel enzyme from the culture filtrate of Amycolatopsis orientalis, that endoglycosidically releases an N-acetyllactosamine-repeating unit (Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAc, LN2) from a synthetic chromogenic substrate Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta-pNP (1). The enzyme activity was purified by 80% saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by gel filtration and affinity chromatography. The enzyme splits 1, Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta-pNP (2), GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta-pNP (3), and GlcNAcbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta-pNP (4) into the corresponding oligosaccharides and p-nitrophenol. The catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) for compounds 1, 2, and 4 were 0.6, 0.05, and 13, respectively. Compound 4 acts as a fairly good substrate for the enzyme, and LN2-releasing activity was inhibited by 4 and GlcNAcbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta-pNP (7), indicating that this enzyme activity is derived from a kind of chitinase. The enzyme hydrolyzed 1 by a mechanism leading to retention of the anomeric configuration. This is the first report of a N-acetyllactosamine-repeating unit releasing enzyme. 相似文献
10.
在力复霉素SV研究中,发现硝酸盐对抗生素合成呈现多效性作用,不仅大幅度提高产量,还对产生菌——地中海拟无枝菌酸菌生理产生多方面的影响,从而提出整体性调节的结论.这一多效性作用是由硝酸盐所引起的,为此对硝酸还原酶进行了研究.首先,通过原生质体渗透裂解发现地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U-32的硝酸还原酶是一个胞质酶.该酶极不稳定,缓冲液中加入硝酸钾、甘油等保护剂能极大地提高其稳定性.通过硫酸鱼精蛋白沉淀,硫酸铵分级分离,Phenyl-SepharoseCL4B、Bio-GelA1.5mDEAE-Sephacel和SephadexG-75柱层析等多步纯化得到了电泳纯的硝酸还原酶.该酶为一79kD的单亚基酶,每分子酶含有约2.29原子的钼,但并不含有非血红素铁、酸不稳定硫、FMN及FAD,其等电点为6.2,反应最适pH为7.2,最适温度为40℃.对硝酸根的Km值为13.3μmol/L.同时分析了该酶的吸收光谱. 相似文献
11.
Ishihara M Kawanishi A Watanabe H Tomochika K Miyoshi S Shinoda S 《Microbiology and immunology》2002,46(4):298-303
A 50 kDa protease designated as VPP1 was purified from the culture supernatant of a clinical strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephacryl S-200 HR gel filtration and Fractogel EMD TMAE 650 ion-exchange chromatography. VPP1 was inhibited by EDTA, EGTA and serine protease inhibitors, suggesting that it is a calcium-dependent serine protease. N-terminal amino acid sequence of VPP1 was quite similar to that of V. metschnikovii protease and antibody against VPP1 inhibited the activity of V. metschnikovii protease, suggesting the similarity of the two proteases. It was demonstrated that VPP1 or its related protease widely distribute in not only V. parahaemolyticus but also V. alginolyticus. 相似文献
12.
Five microsatellite loci are presented for prickly acacia, Acacia nilotica ssp. indica (Benth.) Brenan, an introduced weed of national significance in Australia. These microsatellite loci were obtained through the construction of an enriched library and their use will enable us to determine the genetic origin and extent of genetic diversity of this weed in Australia. 相似文献
13.
Thirty-one different actinomycete strains were used in a genetic screening using PCR and Southern hybridization methods to detect N-acetylamino acid racemases (AAR) in order to obtain enzymes with different properties. Cloning and sequencing of a 2.5 kb EcoRI DNA fragment from Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. lurida revealed the coding gene of an N-acetylamino acid racemase, which had identities to the aar gene of Amycolatopsis sp. TS-1-60 [Tokuyama and Hatano (1995) Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 42:884-889] of 86% at the level of DNA, and 90% at the level of amino acids. The heterologous overexpression in Escherichia coli resulted in a specific activity of about 0.2 U/mg of this racemase. A two-step purification with heat treatment followed by anion-exchange chromatography led to almost homogeneous enzyme. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 8.0 and it was stable at 50 degrees C for 30 min. The relative molecular mass of the native enzyme and the subunit was calculated to be 300 kDa and 40 kDa by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, respectively. The isoelectric point (pI) of the AAR was 4.4. It catalyzed the racemization of optically active N-acetylamino acids such as N-acetyl-L- or -D-methionine and N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine. Further characterization of the racemase demonstrated a requirement for divalent metal ions (Co2+, Mn2+, Mg2+) for activity and inhibition by EDTA and p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid. AAR is sensitive to substrate inhibition at concentrations exceeding 200 mM. 相似文献
14.
菜心(BrassicacampestrisL.ssp.chinensisvar.utilis)叶子高速捣碎后,滤液经酸碱处理,硫酸铵分步沉淀,凝胶柱层析等步骤分离纯化溶菌酶,酶比活力达3414.6U/mg,纯化倍数为197.4。菜心溶菌酶在较宽的温度或pH值范围均有活性,最适温度为60℃,最适pH值为5.8,底物Km值为87μg/mL。该酶对热和酸碱的稳定性较高,巯基和酪氨酸残基不是该酶活性中心的必需基团。 相似文献
15.
Shonisani C. Tshidino Jason Krause Abayomi P. Adebiyi Koji Muramoto Ryno J. Naud 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology》2009,154(2):229-234
A myofibril-bound serine protease (MBSP) was partially purified from ostrich (Struthio camelus) skeletal muscle. MBSP was dissociated from the myofibrillar fraction by ethylene glycol treatment at pH 8.5, followed by partial purification via Toyopearl Super Q 650 S and p-aminobenzamidine column chromatographies. Ostrich MBSP revealed a major protein band of approximately 21 kDa on SDS-PAGE, showing proteolytic activity after casein zymography. Optima pH and temperature of ostrich MBSP were 8 and 40 °C, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that the enzyme cleaved synthetic fluorogenic substrates at the carboxyl side of arginine residues. Kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax values) were calculated from Lineweaver–Burk plots. The kinetic characteristics of ostrich MBSP were compared to values obtained for commercial bovine trypsin in this study, as well as those obtained for MBSP from mouse and various fish species. The results suggest that ostrich MBSP is a tryptic-like serine protease. Ostrich MBSP exhibited low sequence identity to commercial bovine trypsin (44%), MBSP from lizard fish skeletal muscle (33%) and trypsinogen from ostrich pancreas (22%). 相似文献
16.
丙氨酸脱氢酶(EC1411)可逆催化丙氨酸脱氨生成丙酮酸和NADH。它是生物体内的氨基酸代谢和氨同化途径的关键酶。在地中海拟无枝菌酸菌(Amycolatopsis mediterranei)U32中,丙氨酸脱氢酶的活力与力复霉素的生物合成有负相关现象,其活力受KNO3全局效应的调控。根据结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)和天蓝链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor)的丙氨酸脱氢酶氨基酸的保守序列和地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U32对氨基酸密码子的使用偏好,设计一对简并PCR引物。以此引物从地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U32中扩增到一555bp的片段,并以此片段为探针从地中海拟无枝菌酸菌U32 基因组cosmid文库中成功的克隆到了丙氨酸脱氢酶结构基因(ald)。它编码了一个371个氨基酸的蛋白质,基因的GC含量为72.5%,符合链霉菌的基因结构特征。在起始密码子的上游6个碱基处,有一典型的链霉菌核糖体结合位点(RBS):AGGAGG,第75位的氨基酸为赖氨酸,是丙酮酸结合位点。以pET28b为载体,在E.coli BL21(DE3)中高效表达了ald基因。用IPTG在22℃时诱导得到的丙氨酸脱氢酶活力最高。用HisTag柱纯化了表达的丙氨酸脱氢酶。酶学性质研究表明该酶专一性以LAla和NAD(H)为底物。 相似文献
17.
AIMS: To evaluate the production of an extracellular serine protease by Dactylella shizishanna and its potential as a pathogenesis factor. METHODS AND RESULTS: An extracellular alkaline serine protease (Ds1) was purified and characterized from the nematode-trapping fungus D. shizishanna using cation-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The molecular mass of the protease was approximately 35 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE. The optimum activity of Ds1 was at pH 10 and 55 degrees C (over 30 min). The purified protease could degrade purified cuticle of Penagrellus redivivus and a broad range of protein substrates. The purified protease was highly sensitive to phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) (0.1 mmol l(-1)), indicating it belonged to the serine protease family. The N-terminal amino acid residues of Ds1 are AEQTDSTWGL and showed a high homology with Aozl and PII, two serine proteases purified from the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. CONCLUSIONS: Nematicidal activity of D. shizishanna was partly related to its ability to produce extracellular serine protease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this report, we purified a new serine protease from D. shizishanna and provided a good foundation for future research on infection mechanism. 相似文献
18.
Miyaji T Otta Y Nakagawa T Watanabe T Niimura Y Tomizuka N 《Letters in applied microbiology》2006,42(3):242-247
AIMS: The present study was conducted by screening zein-degrading bacteria in an attempt to obtain zein-degrading protease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil bacteria were screened by formation of a clear zone on zein plates. Characterization of a zein-degrading bacterium indicated a taxonomic affiliation to Bacillus pumilus, and was named MS-1 strain. The strain produced two different types of extracellular proteases, BPP-A and BPP-B. In this study, we purified and characterized BPP-A because it exhibited a higher ability to hydrolyze zein than BPP-B. When casein was used as the substrate, the optimal pH for BPP-A was 11.0. In BPP-A, zein was better substrate than casein at pH 13.0, whereas casein was better one than zein at pH 11.0. The bppA gene encoded a 383-amino acid pre-pro form of BPP-A, and mature BPP-A contained 275 amino acid residues. It was concluded that BPP-A belonged to the subtilisin family. CONCLUSION: A zein-degrading bacterium assigned to B. pumilus produced two different types of extracellular proteases, BPP-A and BPP-B. BPP-A exhibited an ability to hydrolyze zein in an extreme alkaline condition. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is a first report on screening for zein-degrading micro-organisms. The subtilisin-like protease BPP-A is possible to utilize as an industrial enzyme for the production of zein hydrolysates. 相似文献
19.
One of the traditional ways of preparation of yogurt starter in Bulgaria is placing a branch of a particular plant species into boiled sheep's milk maintained at about 45°C, which is further incubated until a dense coagulum is obtained. To investigate the possible origin of the yogurt starter bacteria, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ( L. bulgaricus ) and Streptococcus thermophilus ( S. thermophilus ), the traditional way of yogurt-starter preparation was followed. Hundreds of plant samples were collected from four regions in Bulgaria and incubated in sterile skim milk. The two target bacteria at low frequencies from the plant samples collected were successfully isolated. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of these bacterial isolates revealed that they were identified as L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus . Twenty isolates of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus , respectively, were selected from the isolated strains and further characterized with regard to their performance in yogurt production. Organoleptic and physical properties of yogurt prepared using the isolated strains from plants were not significantly different from those prepared using commercial yogurt-starter strains.
It was therefore suggested that L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus strains widely used for commercial yogurt production could have originated from plants in Bulgaria. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and characterization of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus strains from plants. 相似文献
It was therefore suggested that L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus strains widely used for commercial yogurt production could have originated from plants in Bulgaria. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and characterization of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus strains from plants. 相似文献
20.
An acid-stable and heat-labile proteinous protease inhibitor which was found in spinach leaves but not in seeds was isolated by sequential chromatography and preparative isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric point of this inhibitor was 4.5. The inhibitor had a Mr of ca 18 000 and was rich in aspartic acid and glycine; it had 4 half-cystine, 2 tryptophan and no methionine residues. Its extinction coefficient (E|cm%) was 13.7 at 280 nm. The inhibition was competitive and the dissociation constant was 3.32 × 10?13 M. The inhibitor was specific to serine proteases and strongly inhibited trypsin and weakly inhibited α-chymotrypsin and kallikrein. 相似文献