纳米党参合剂调整肠道微生态失衡防治多器官功能障碍综合征的研究

目的研究纳米党参合剂通过调整菌群失调,修复肠屏障功能,控制细菌、内毒素易位,对多器官功能障碍大鼠肠源性感染及内毒素血症(IETM)进行防治。方法采用肠缺血再灌注的方法制造多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)模型,分别以纳米中药、常态中药对动物进行灌胃治疗。取肠内容物做无菌培养,内毒素、sIgA的测定,CD4+、CD8+T细胞计数。结果各治疗组通过扶植肠道有益菌、抑制有害菌的生长繁殖并促进其排泄,保护肠黏膜屏障,明显降低细菌易位,控制内毒素血症,改善相关免疫指标。结论党参合剂从调整微生态失调的角度来防治MODS取得较好效果,纳米中药效果更佳。     

金银花对梗阻性黄疸大鼠茵群失调及内毒素血症的调整作用

目的研究金银花水提取物通过调整微生态失调,对梗阻性黄疸大鼠导致菌群失调及肠源性内毒素血症（IETM）的调节作用。方法80只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组和梗阻性黄疸组,梗阻性黄疸组随机分成四个治疗组：金银花组、丽珠肠乐组、金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂治疗组和梗阻性黄疸模型组（自然恢复组）,分别以金银花、丽珠肠乐、金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂、生理盐水灌胃,于灌胃4、8d分别处死大鼠检测肠道菌群、内毒素水平和IgA＋细胞数。结果模型组血中内毒素明显增高,并伴有肠道菌群失调,IgA＋细胞减少,与假手术组相比差异有统计学意义。各治疗组经治疗后肠道菌群恢复,IgA＋细胞增多,明显降低了内毒素水平,金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂治疗组效果最佳。结论梗阻性黄疸伴有肠道菌群失调,肠道屏障破坏是肠源性内毒素血症（IETM）的主要因素。中药金银花从调整微生态失调的角度来防治内毒素血症取得良好效果。     

香菇多糖对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生态失调的调整作用研究

目的研究香菇多糖通过扶植肠道正常菌群生长,控制内毒素易位,对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生态失调进行调整,从微生态学角度防治溃疡性结肠炎。方法 Wistar大白鼠48只,随机取8只作为正常对照组,其余40只造模。之后以香菇多糖和丽珠肠乐灌胃,14 d后处死。取肠内容物、血液,分别进行细菌培养、检测挥发性脂肪酸、内毒素。结果经过香菇多糖和丽珠肠乐治疗后,大鼠肠道双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量明显上升,大肠埃希菌、肠球菌的数量明显下降;肠内容物挥发性脂肪酸含量显著上升;血中内毒素含量显著下降。结论香菇多糖和丽珠肠乐均具有扶植正常菌群生长,调整菌群失调,提高机体免疫力,防治溃疡性结肠炎的作用;香菇多糖和丽珠肠乐联合应用效果更佳。     

金银花水提物对肠道微生态失调大鼠的调整作用

目的研究金银花水提取物作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调大鼠肠道菌群的调整作用。方法结扎大鼠胆总管造成肠道菌群失调模型后分别以金银花、丽珠肠乐、金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂、生理盐水灌胃,于灌胃4d后测定各组大鼠肠道菌群组分、乙酸含量及肝脏中肠杆菌易位情况。结果大鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复,肠道内乙酸含量增加,易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,金银花与丽珠肠乐合剂组效果最佳。结论金银花水提物作为益生元对大鼠肠道菌群失调具有调整作用。     

大承气汤对MODS时肠道细菌微生态学影响的实验研究

目的探讨多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)大鼠肠道细菌微生态的变化及其与肠源性内毒素血症和细菌易位的关系,并观察大承气汤的影响。方法32只SD大鼠随机分成4组,对照组、模型组、大承气组和氨苄青霉素组。腹腔注射无菌酵母多糖A制备大鼠MODS模型。各组动物于造模后48 h无菌操作抽取外周静脉血和门静脉血进行内毒素含量测定;取肠系膜淋巴结进行细菌定量培养,取回肠和盲肠内容物进行肠腔内游离内毒素测定;取盲肠内容物进行肠道细菌微生态学分析。结果模型组外周血和门静脉血内毒素水平以及肠腔内游离内毒素含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,模型组肠道菌群出现明显变化。肠球菌、肠杆菌数量明显增加,而双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量出现显著下降,类杆菌数量亦出现明显下降(P<0.05)。模型组厌氧菌总数明显下降而需氧菌总数明显增加,同时厌氧菌总数/需氧菌总数的比值和B/E比值呈相应下降,发生倒置(P<0.05);正常对照组未发现肠道细菌向肠系膜淋巴结的易位,而模型组细菌易位阳性率是83.33%(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,大承气汤组上述各指标均出现明显变化(P<0.05);抗生素组作用不明显(P>0.05)。结论MODS时大鼠肠道细菌微生态出现明显变化,发生肠源性内毒素血症和细菌易位。大承气汤可以调整肠道菌群,恢复肠道微生态平衡,增加机体定植抗力,防治细菌易位和内毒素血症。     

大黄防治胃肠黏膜屏障损伤的研究进展

临床上许多疾病的发生、发展与预后都与胃肠黏膜屏障损伤有关,机体在应激状态下,胃肠黏膜屏障功能破坏,细菌、内毒素易位入血,形成肠源性感染,引起全身炎症反应(SIRS),最终引发多器官功能障碍综合症(MODS)。肠道黏膜屏障主要由四部分组成:即肠道黏膜的机械屏障、化学屏障、生物屏障和免疫屏障。中药大黄具有通里攻下、清热解毒、活血化瘀的功用,发挥着多环节、多靶点的作用。已有研究表明:大黄对胃肠黏膜屏障各层结构均有明显保护作用,本文现将胃肠黏膜屏障损伤发生机制和大黄防治机理作一综述。     

肠道菌群调整对肝硬化病人血浆一氧化氮和内毒素水平影响

本实验给肝硬化病人服用抑制肠源性内毒素血症的药物丽珠肠乐,结果表明：服用丽珠肠乐一个月后,血浆ＮＯ水平显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,白蛋白合成增多,门脉压力下降,肝功能显著改善,利于腹水消退,减少并发症的产生。其机制可能与内毒素水平降低有关。     

丽珠肠乐在消化系统疾病中的临床作用

丽珠肠乐在消化系统疾病中的临床作用山东聊城地委机关门诊部聊城２５２０００林庆润,刘月香丽珠肠乐（回春生胶囊）系双歧杆菌活菌制剂,是以菌制菌的微生态调节剂。有调整肠道菌群紊乱,改善微生态环境,构筑肠粘膜生物学屏障,增强体内屏障功能;补充有益菌群,拮抗肠...     

四君子汤及其纳米制剂对微生态失调小鼠的调整作用

目的研究四君子汤水提液及纳米制剂对肠道微生态失调小鼠的调整作用。方法应用林可霉素灌胃建立小鼠肠道微生态失调模型,然后应用四君子汤水提液(常态中药)及其纳米制剂进行治疗,同时设正常、阳性对照及自然恢复组,于给药6 d后处死小鼠,进行肠道菌群检测、肠组织电镜检查及肝脏细菌易位检测。结果林可霉素灌胃3 d后,小鼠肠道菌群失调,肠黏膜损伤严重,肝脏有大量细菌易位。持续6 d治疗后,肠道双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌菌量明显上升,损伤的肠黏膜基本修复,肝脏细菌易位数量大幅度下降。各治疗组间比较纳米中药组的效果要好于常态中药和丽珠肠乐组(P<0.001,P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论2种不同粒径的中药均能扶植肠道正常菌群生长,促进肠黏膜损伤修复,控制细菌易位。但纳米中药效果优于常态中药,且用药量小。     

复方树舌液对肠道微生态失调小鼠的调节作用

目的应用复方树舌液作为微生态调节剂对肠道微生态失调小鼠进行调节。方法用盐酸林可霉素造成菌群失调模型,用复方树舌液进行治疗,在治疗期间分别检测各组小鼠的肠道优势菌群、乙酸、内毒素含量及肝脏肠杆菌易位。结果小鼠肠道菌群失调得到恢复、小鼠肠道内乙酸含量增加、内毒素含量下降、易位至肝脏的肠杆菌数量减少,与自然恢复组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,树舌组优于丽珠肠乐组。结论复方树舌液作为益生元对小鼠肠道菌群失调具有调节作用。     

多器官功能不全综合征时肠道细菌微生态学改变的实验研究

为研究多器官功能不全综合征（ＭＯＤＳ）时肠道细菌微生态的变化以及Ｇ＾－杆菌消长与肠道和血液中内毒素水平的关系,本实验选用ＳＤ大鼠,应用无菌Ｚｙｍｏｓａｎ腹腔注射制备大鼠ＭＯＤＳ模型,并对ＭＯＤＳ大鼠肠道菌群进行定量分析,对门静脉和外周静脉血中的内毒以及肠道游离内毒素含量进行定量测定。结果发现,ＭＯＤＳ状态下肠道细菌微生态发生明显变化,表现为肠杆菌和肠球菌等肠道内需氧菌的数量明显增多,双歧杆菌和乳酸     

党参多糖的研究进展

多糖广泛存在于有机体,不仅具有重要的生物功能,也具有良好的药用价值,已引起越来越多的关注。因此本文综述了党参多糖的研究近况,主要包括其化学组成、含量测定和药理作用三个方面,为进一步开发利用党参多糖提供依据。     

肠道菌群及内毒素在多器官功能不全综合征时的变化

目的　探讨肠道菌群及内毒素在多器官功能不全综合征( MODS)时的变化。方法　取SD大鼠,腹腔注射无菌酵母多糖A制备MODS模型,检测大鼠肠道菌群、外周血和门静脉血中的内毒素以及肠道游离内毒素含量,并进行定量分析。结果　模型组大鼠肠道专性厌氧菌的数量明显减少,革兰阴性杆菌和双歧杆菌的比例倒置,内毒素含量明显增加,与对照组比差异有显著性( P<0 .0 5 )。结论　MODS时肠道细菌微生态发生明显改变,肠道内毒素池与肠道革兰阴性杆菌的变化密切相关     

高海拔地区内毒素致绵羊多脏器功能障碍综合征的病理学改变

目的研究高海拔地区内毒素致绵羊多脏器功能障碍综合征（MODS）的病理学变化特征。方法将16只绵羊随机分为2组,中度海拔组和高海拔组,按相同的剂量静脉给予内毒素（6μg/kg）制作MODS模型,24h后麻醉处死绵羊,观察主要脏器的病理学变化。结果中度海拔和高海拔MODS组绵羊肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、肠粘膜均出现明显炎性改变,高海拔MODS组绵羊肺脏、肝脏病理学评分明显高于中度海拔MODS组。结论高海拔地区MODS的病理损伤较中度海拔明显加重。     

谷氨酰胺对脓毒症患者肠粘膜屏障功能和免疫功能的影响

目的:研究谷氨酰胺对脓毒症患者肠道黏膜屏障功能和免疫功能的影响。方法:将2012年10月至2013年10本院收治的40例脓毒症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组20例。两组患者均给予常规对症治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用谷氨酰胺治疗,对照组接受安慰剂治疗。采用分光光度法监测其血清D-乳酸水平,高效液相色谱法监测尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)值。对比两组肠道黏膜屏障功能和免疫功能指标及ARDS、MODS发生率。结果:治疗后,治疗组ARDS和MODS发生率分别为24.1%,17.2%,均低于对照组的38.9%,33.3%,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗14 d后,治疗组D-乳酸及尿L/M水平较对照组明显降低,血清Ig G、Ig M、CD4+和CD4+/CD8+水平均增高,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:谷氨酰胺治疗脓毒性患能明显改善肠道黏膜屏障功能,促进患者免疫功能和营养状态的提高,同时还能够降低患者肠道细菌、内毒素移位。     

Interaction between Shaoyao–Gancao–Tang and a laxative with respect to alteration of paeoniflorin metabolism by intestinal bacteria in rats

Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang (SGT), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (Kampo formulation) containing Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix), is co-administered with laxative sodium picosulfate as a premedication for relieving the pain accompanying colonoscopy. Paeoniflorin (PF), an active glycoside of SGT, is metabolized into the antispasmodic agent paeonimetabolin-I (PM-I) by intestinal bacteria after oral administration. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the co-administered laxative (sodium picosulfate) influences the metabolism of PF to PM-I by intestinal bacteria. We found that the PF-metabolizing activity of intestinal bacteria in rat feces was significantly reduced to approximately 34% of initial levels by a single sodium picosulfate pretreatment and took approximately 6 days to recover. Repeated administration of SGT after the sodium picosulfate pretreatment significantly shortened the recovery period to around 2 days. Similar results were also observed for plasma PM-I concentration. Since PM-I has muscle relaxant activity, the present results suggest that repetitive administration of SGT after sodium picosulfate pretreatment might be useful to relieve the pain associated with colonoscopy.     

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine on immune responses in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation was formulated from orange peel (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida), astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge), pilose asiabell root (Radix codonopsis), indigowoad root (Radix isatidis), taraxacum (Herba taraxaci) and malt (Fructus Hordei Germinatus) at a weight ratio of 1:1:1.5:1.5:1.5:1.5:2. A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of TCM on innate immunity of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Artificial diets containing 1%, 3%, 5% TCM preparation, 1% hawthorn or 1% astragalus, respectively, were fed to juvenile abalone (initial weight 10.38+/-2.51 g; initial shell length 44.15+/-4.15 mm) for 80 days. A TCM-free diet was used as a control. Each diet was fed to three replicate groups of abalone using a randomized design. The results indicated that phagocytic activity was significantly higher in abalone fed 3%, 5% TCM preparation, 1% astragalus or 1% hawthorn (P<0.05). Respiratory burst activity was significantly higher in abalone fed 1%, 3%, 5% TCM preparation, 1% astragalus or 1% hawthorn (P<0.05). Agglutination titre was significantly higher in abalone fed 5% TCM preparation (P<0.05). Weight gain ratio (WGR), daily increment in shell length (DISL), total haemocyte count (THC), plasma protein concentration, and the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) were not significantly affected by the TCM preparation (P>0.05). These results indicate that TCM preparation can modulate the immunity of H. discus hannai, and it is very possible that TCM might be used as immunostimulants in abalone farming.     

Gut lymph and lymphatics: a source of factors leading to organ injury and dysfunction

Major trauma, shock, sepsis, and other conditions can lead to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may progress to the highly lethal multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Although a number of therapeutic strategies have been initiated, their success has been limited largely due to an incomplete understanding of the biology of MODS. However, recent studies indicate that the intestinal lymphatics serve as the primary route for nonbacterial, tissue injurious gut-derived factors, which can induce acute ARDS and MODS. The gut lymph hypothesis of ARDS and MODS thus helps clarify several important issues. First, because the lung is the first organ exposed to mesenteric lymph and not the liver (i.e., mesenteric lymph enters the subclavian vein via the thoracic duct, which, in turn, empties directly into the heart and lungs), it would explain the clinical observation that the lung is generally the first organ to fail. Second, this hypothesis provides new pathophysiologic information, thereby providing a basis for novel therapies. Finally, by studying the composition of lymph, MODS-inducing factors can be isolated and identified.