双歧杆菌及其WPG对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫调节和抑瘤的作用研究

目的 通过观察双歧杆菌及其细胞壁肽多糖（Cell Wall Preparation,whole peptidoglycon,WPG)对S180荷瘤小鼠抑瘤作用及在体内外对IL－6和TNF－α生态的影响,探讨双歧杆菌及其WOG的免疫调节和抑瘤作用机制。方法 采用经驯化而具有一定耐氧能力的两歧双歧杆菌C149株及其WPG腹腔免疫S180荷瘤小鼠,应用放射免疫检测小鼠外周血中的IL－6和TNF－α的含量,同时在体外观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生IL－6和TNF－α的影响。结果 双歧杆菌及其WPG在体内外对IL－6和TNF－α的生成有明显的促进作用,对S180荷瘤小鼠均有明显抑瘤作用。结论 双歧杆菌及其WPG可能通过刺激小鼠的巨噬细胞产生一些免疫活性因子而间接发挥抑瘤作用。     

深层发酵香菇水溶性胞外多糖的生物学活性

由香菇（Lentinusedodes）CL-2菌丝发酵上清液中分离到水溶性胞外多糖（HEP）。研究表明,HEP具有较强的免疫增效作用。它能有效促进正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,显著提高T淋巴细胞的百分含量,对小鼠体液免疫也有促进作用。HEP对肉瘤S(180)的抑制率达39.7％,并能显著延长荷瘤（EAC）小鼠的存活时间,延长率达40.5％。HEP对牛艾滋病毒（BV）有直接抑制作用,抑制率为66.7％。     

深层发酵香菇水溶性胞外多糖的生物学活性*

由香菇（Lentinusedodes）CL-2菌丝发酵上清液中分离到水溶性胞外多糖（HEP）。研究表明,HEP具有较强的免疫增效作用。它能有效促进正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,显著提高T淋巴细胞的百分含量,对小鼠体液免疫也有促进作用。HEP对肉瘤S(180)的抑制率达39.7％,并能显著延长荷瘤（EAC）小鼠的存活时间,延长率达40.5％。HEP对牛艾滋病毒（BV）有直接抑制作用,抑制率为66.7％。     

中药提取物FAC的抗肿瘤作用及其机制的初步研究

目的:探讨中药提取物FAC对H22肝癌实体瘤的作用及其机制.方法:制备人肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠模型,观察中药提取物FAC对H22肝癌实体瘤的抑制作用及其对荷瘤小鼠免疫器官、存活期、巨噬细胞吞噬功能、淋巴细胞转化功能的影响.结果:小鼠灌服中药提取物FAC10 d后,中、大剂量组抑瘤作用显著,荷瘤小鼠存活期明显延长,反映免疫功能的胸腺指数和脾指数显著增加,巨噬细胞吞噬功能和淋巴细胞转化功能明显增强.结论:中药提取物FAC可抑制人肝癌H22实体瘤的生长,并能提高荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能.提示中药提取物FAC可能通过增强机体免疫功能而发挥抗肿瘤作用.     

大豆皂苷对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：观察大豆皂苷（soyasaponins,SS）对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型,随机分为模型对照组、环磷酰胺组（CTX）组（20mg／kg）、SS低、中、高剂量组（10、20、30mg／kg）,每组12只。连续给药15天后处死小鼠,测量小鼠免疫器官指数、淋巴细胞转化率（采用MTT法）、溶血空斑数（采用Jeme改良玻片法）、巨噬细胞吞噬功能（采用半体内法）以及NK细胞活性（采用乳酸脱氢酶法）。结果：SS中、高剂量组提高小鼠脾脏指数、脾淋巴细胞转化率、溶血空斑数、巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数、NK细胞活性,与模型对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。与模型对照组比较,SS各剂量组胸腺指数无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论：一定剂量的SS具有增强荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的作用,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

茶树花多糖免疫调节与抗肿瘤活性的研究

茶树花富含多糖,是茶树生长过程中的产物,然而目前茶树花多糖(tea plant flow polysaccharide, TFP)尚未被充分利用．因此,认为茶树花多糖有着和茶叶中的多糖相似的功能效果．研究目的是通过系列的体内和体外实验系统来评价茶树花多糖的抗肿瘤以及免疫调节的活性．利用S180(sarcoma 180)荷瘤小鼠模型,系统地研究了灌胃不同剂量茶树花多糖对荷瘤小鼠的肉瘤抑制率、存活率以及细胞免疫的影响．结果显示,连续灌胃10天茶树花多糖,能显著抑制S180肉瘤的生长,延长荷瘤小鼠的存活时间,增强迟发型超敏作用(delayed-type hypersensitivity, DTH),促进血液白介素-2(IL-2)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)的分泌,增强巨噬细胞的吞噬作用,改善T淋巴细胞亚群CD4⁺数量以及CD4⁺/CD8⁺的比值,表明茶树花多糖能增强机体对肿瘤的防御,在一定程度上归功于其对免疫调节作用．     

大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤增效作用研究

目的 从免疫学角度研究大豆多糖对环磷酰胺的减毒增效作用及其机制.方法 选用昆明种小鼠80只,随机分为阴性对照;大豆多糖(SSPS)组:50、100、200 mg/(kg· d);阳性对照:环磷酰胺(CP) 25 mg/(kg·d);大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺组:(1)CP 25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS mg/(kg·d)、(2)CP 25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS 100 mg/(kg·d)、(3)CP25 mg/(kg·d)+SSPS200 mg/(kg·d);0.2 mL/只,腋下接种S180,腹腔给药,连续给药10d.测定大豆多糖联合环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤小鼠瘤重、胸腺指数、脾指数的影响,ELISA法检测S180荷瘤小鼠外周血血清中细胞因子IL-2含量的影响.结果 大豆多糖能够抑制S180荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,其抑瘤率分别为24.10％、35.39％和39.75％,与环磷酰胺合用后其抑瘤率为89.87％、91.91％和92.63％(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),q值0.99 ～1.00,具有协同作用;且合用后提高了环磷酰胺所致免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数;并促进S180荷瘤小鼠分泌IL-2.结论 大豆多糖通过增加荷瘤小鼠免疫功能而减轻环磷酰胺对机体的毒副反应,增强其抗肿瘤作用.     

C 阿霉素一纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统对S ,80 荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤实验研究

目的：探讨阿霉素-纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统对S180荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用。方法：建立S180荷瘤小鼠模型,将30只模型小鼠分为四组：A组10只,阿霉素以2／剂量局部注入肿瘤内部。B组10只,瘤内注入阿霉素．纤维蛋白胶缓释系统0．2ml（含阿霉素2／）。C组10只。瘤块内注入纤维蛋白胶0．2ml。D组10只,空白对照组。给药后每3天测量记录一次肿瘤大小,观辑各组平均肿瘤体积缩小情况。结果：A、B、C、D四组的肿瘤缩小比率分别为50％、100％、20％、10％,肿瘤抑制率分别为36．85％、77．42％、6．00％、6．52％,与空白对照D组相比。A、B组对S180肉瘤抑制作用明显（P〈0．01）,而B组的抑瘤作用明显强于A组（P〈0．05）．C组与D组无明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论：阿霉素-纤维蛋白胶缓释化疗系统以及阿霉素均能够有效的抑制S180荷瘤小鼠肿瘤的生长。前者的抑瘤作用更为明显,可能是一种安全可靠的新化疗方式．     

深层发酵香菇水溶性胞外多糖的生物学活性

由香菇ＣＬ－２菌丝发酵上清液中分离到水溶性胞外多糖（ＨＥＰ）。研究表明,ＨＥＰ具有较强的免疫增效作用。它能有效促进正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,显著提高Ｔ淋巴细胞的百分含量,对小鼠体液免疫也有促进作用。ＨＥＰ对肉瘤Ｓ１８０的抑制率达３９．７％,并能显著延长荷瘤（ＥＡＣ）小鼠的存活时间,延长率达４０．５％。ＨＥＰ对牛艾滋病毒（ＢＩＶ）有直接抑制作用,抑制率为６６．７％。     

海胆黄多糖SEP对S180的体内抑制作用

研究海胆黄多糖SEP对S180肉瘤的抑制作用及初步机制。MTT法检测SEP对体外培养的S180细胞生长的抑制作用;建立小鼠S180肉瘤模型观察SEP抗肿瘤活性;检测SEP协同ConA/LPS刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖作用;同时,考察SEP对NK细胞和杀伤性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lym-phocyte,CTL)活性的影响;碳粒廓清检测SEP对小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。研究表明,海胆黄多糖SEP高中低剂量(16、8、4 mg/kg)显著抑制小鼠180实体瘤生长,增加小鼠脾指数和胸腺指数,协同ConA/LPS刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,提高小鼠NK细胞和CTL活性,增强小鼠单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,通过免疫调节提高小鼠免疫功能达到抑制S180作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.