Systematic revision of the genus Everettia Godwin‐Austen, 1891 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Dyakiidae) in Sabah,northern Borneo

The species of the snail genus Everettia in the Malaysian state of Sabah are superficially similar and difficult to distinguish by their shells. This paper presents new data on the taxonomy and distribution of Everettia in Sabah that have accumulated since the revision by Godwin‐Austen in 1891. By using morphological and molecular phylogenetic approaches, we reveal at least seventeen species of Everettia in Sabah, of which eleven are new to science, namely: Everettia layanglayang sp. nov. , Everettia lapidini sp. nov. , Everettia paulbasintali sp. nov. , Everettia occidentalis sp. nov. , Everettia jasilini sp. nov. , Everettia safriei sp. nov. , Everettia interior sp. nov. , Everettia jucundior sp. nov. , Everettia planispira sp. nov. , Everettia monticola sp. nov. , and Everettia dominiki sp. nov. , and one new subspecies, namely, Everettia corrugata williamsi ssp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COI and 16S, and nuclear ITS‐1 sequences demonstrates the monophyly of most of the morphologically well‐defined species. Our results show that certain aspects of classical morphology‐based taxonomy for Everettia species, especially with regard to the unique combination of shell surface sculptures, animal head colour, and mantle pigmentation, are solid. A dichotomous key to the Sabah species and subspecies of Everettia is provided. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 157 , 515–550.     

A revision of the Nasa ranunculifolia group (Nasa ser. Grandiflorae pro parte,Loasaceae)

The monophyletic Nasa ranunculifolia group (Nasa ser. Grandiflorae pro parte) is revised on the basis of extensive field studies and a revision of copious herbarium material. All species of this group are from the high Andes of Peru and Ecuador (mostly 3000–4300 m). The overall degree of morphological divergence is much lower than in other groups of Nasa and many of the various local ‘races’ are best recognized as ecogeographically isolated subspecies. Thus, six species and 13 subspecies are recognized on the basis of differences in leaf and floral morphology, growth habit, life history and distribution. Nasa ranunculifolia, N. macrantha, N. cymbopetala and N. macrorrhiza are united as subspecies under N. ranunculifolia. An additional five subspecies of N. ranunculifolia are newly described (ssp. pamparomasii, ssp. guzmangoensis, ssp. bolivarensis, ssp. patazensis and ssp. huanucoensis). Nasa rugosa is subdivided into four subspecies, three of them new (ssp. llaqtacochaensis, ssp. gracilipes and ssp. pygmaea). Nasa tulipadiaboli sp. nov. and N. basilica sp. nov. are described as new species. Eight taxa (seven subspecies and one species) are endemic to the Amotape–Huancabamba Zone, and seven of them (six subspecies and one species) are new to science. Only a single species ranges into the Amotape–Huancabamba Zone from the south, underscoring the high levels of endemism (and taxonomic novelty) in this area. Illustrations, distribution maps, a key and diagnoses are given for all taxa recognized. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 167 , 47–93.     

The Psyllids (Homoptera: Psylloida) of Alaska

A key is provided for the identification of the thirty-eight psyllid species recorded from Alaska. Additional notes on host plant and distribution are given for each species. The species are: Aphalara manitobaensis Cald.,A.nigra Cald., Craspedolepta alaskensis (Ash.), C.nebulosa (Zett.) ssp. kincaidi (Ash.), C. schwarzi (Ash.), C.subpunctata (Förster), Psylla alaskensis Ash., P.betulaenanae Oss., P.breviata Patch, P.fibulata Crawf., P.floccosa Patch, P.galeaformis Patch, P.haliaeeti sp.nov., P.hamata Tuthill, P.highwoodensis sp.nov., P.jenseni sp.nov., P.kananaskensis Hod., P.ledi Flor., P.longiforceps sp.nov., P.minor Crawf., P.macleani sp.nov., P.myrtilli Wag. ssp. canadensis Hod., P.palmeni Löw, P.phlebophyllae sp.nov., P.rara Tuthill, P.rufipennis sp.nov., P.sinuata Crawf., P.striata Patch, P.stricklandi Crawf., P.toolikensis sp.nov., P.zaecevi Sulc, Trioza albifrons Crawf., Trioza artica sp.nov., T.atkasookensis sp.nov., T.incerta Tuthill, T.salicivora Reut. (=T.maura auctt. N.Amer.), T.stylifera Patch, Trioza sp.nov. (undescribed). All the newly described species were collected on Salix. The Alaskan fauna is made up of four major components: 1, true Arctic species; 2, Arctic/subarctic species; 3, subarctic/alpine species; 4, northern forest zone species. Eight of the Alaskan psyllids exhibit an holarctic distribution and there is a strong faunal affinity with similar areas in northern Scandinavia: the same four genera recur throughout the northern holarctic. There is strong circumstantial evidence that certain psyllid species are parthogenetic over part of their range, particularly in arctic/alpine situations.     

Neglected refugia of biodiversity: mountainous regions in Mozambique and Malawi yield two novel freshwater crab species (Potamonautidae: Potamonautes)

Phylogenetic relationships amongst the southern African freshwater crab fauna are reinvestigated following the recent collection of morphologically distinct Potamonautes specimens from remote mountainous regions in Malawi and Mozambique. Specimens were subjected to DNA sequencing of three mtDNA loci, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA and compared to the 14 described species from the region. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference revealed the presence of two novel evolutionary lineages. The phylogeny demonstrates that Potamonautes obesus (A. Milne‐Edwards, 1868) is sister to a morphologically distinct novel species from Mount Namuli in Mozambique. Two sympatric and genetically distinct species from Mount Mulanje, in Malawi (forms A and B) were recognized. Form B is sister to the large‐bodied South African riverine freshwater crabs and represents a novel lineage whereas the remaining species (form A) from Mulanje, in Malawi was sister to samples from Mounts Inago and Mabu, and in Mozambique was identified as Potamonautes choloensis (Chace, 1953). The two novel evolutionary lineages were genetically distinct and morphologically different from the described species in each of the respective regions. Two new freshwater crab species Potamonautes namuliensis sp. nov. and Potamonautes mulanjeensis sp. nov. , are described in the present study. The samples from Mount Mulanje in Malawi, and Mounts Mabu and Inago in Mozambique represent new distribution records for Potamonautes choloensis. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 164 , 498–509.     

Revision of Acanthocyrtus (Collembola: Entomobryidae), with description of a new genus from eastern Asia

In this paper, we reassess the status of the two genera of scaled Entomobryinae with dental spines (Acanthocyrtus and Acanthurella) and we erect a new genus ( Sinhomidia ) on the basis of scale morphology and scale distribution. Scales are partially pointed in Acanthocyrtus and all rounded in Acanthurella. The new genus, Sinhomidia , has pointed scales, but lacks dental scales contrary to Acanthurella and Acanthocyrtus; in addition, it exhibits a unique dorsal macrochaetotaxy. Three new species of Acanthocyrtus are described ( Acanthocyrtus yolngui sp. nov. , Acanthocyrtus loftyensis sp. nov. , Acanthocyrtus barrowensis sp. nov. ) and two are redescribed [Acanthocyrtus spinosus (Schött, 1917), Acanthocyrtus lineatus Womersley, 1934]. One species (Acanthocyrtus bicolor Yosii, 1965 ) of the genus is redescribed and transferred to the new genus Sinhomidia . A key to the scaled Entomobryinae genera with dental spines and a key to the eight known Acanthocyrtus species are provided. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 157 , 495–514.     

Deep-sea Bodotriidae (Crustacea: Cumacea) from New Caledonia, Fiji and Indonesia

Cumaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida) belonging to the family Bodotriidae collected between 206 and 3680 m depth, during the French campaigns BIOCAL and BIOGEOCAL in waters of New Caledonia, KARUBAR in Indonesia and BORDAU 1 around Fiji were studied. The 93 specimens belonging to this family were assigned to 11 species, ten of them new to science, namely Cyclaspis variosculpta sp. nov., Cyclaspis richeri sp. nov., Cyclaspis dictyota sp. nov., Cyclaspis decora sp. nov., Cyclaspis magna sp. nov., Cyclaspoides erugatus sp. nov., Alticuma? ectyphum sp. nov., Apocuma pacificum sp. nov., Hypocuma fragosum sp. nov. and Bathycuma coremium sp. nov. The genera Cyclaspoides and Hypocuma are recorded for the first time from the Pacific Ocean. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 152 , 227–254.     

Songs,genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group,with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Recent acoustic studies have revealed that Cicadetta montana (Scopoli, 1772), which was once thought to be a single widespread Palaearctic cicada species, is actually a complex of many taxa. Although some song patterns are very distinct, others comprise groups of closely related species, as in the case of Cicadetta cerdaniensis Puissant & Boulard, 2000, Cicadetta cantilatrix Sueur & Puissant, 2007, and Cicadetta anapaistica Hertach, 2011. Seven spatially or behaviourally isolated metapopulations belonging to this song group from Italy and Switzerland were detected and investigated using acoustic, molecular, and morphological methods. Taxonomic decisions in this group are challenging because of a lack of truly diagnostic morphological characters, variously coloured morphs, qualitatively intermediate song patterns in contact zones, and strong temperature dependence of song‐duration characters. Molecular genetic studies suggest rapid speciation resulting in incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. It is only by using multiple sources of data that species can be delimited. The new species C icadetta sibillae sp. nov. and the new subspecies C icadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov. were described using the microstructure of the male calling songs. C icadetta sibillae sp. nov. occurs from southern Switzerland to central Italy, and is the most abundant cicada in the Northern Apennine. C icadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov. is endemic to a small southern Italian distribution range, and seems to be threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. There is strong evidence that current distribution patterns and phylogenetic relationships of the Cicadetta cerdaniensis group are linked to speciation events in Pleistocene glacial refugia in the Italian, Iberian, and Balkan peninsulas. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London     

Intraspecific or interspecific variation: delimitation of species boundaries within the genus Gammarus (Crustacea,Amphipoda, Gammaridae), with description of four new species

The delineation of Gammarus species is controversial because of extensive intraspecific morphological variation. The current study examined DNA sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear 28S genes as well as morphological and ecological data to determine the species boundaries of Gammarus species from China. The results of molecular analyses showed that Gammarus sp1, G. sp2, G. sp3, and G. sp4 are monophyletic and deeply divergent from sister groups. Detailed morphological and ecological comparisons with closely related species were consistent with molecular analyses. Gammarus sp1, G. sp2, G. sp3, and G. sp4 were described as four new species: Gammarus illustris sp. nov. , Gammarus clarus sp. nov. , Gammarus hypolithicus sp. nov. , and Gammarus parvioculus sp. nov. We recommend that molecular detected species should be formally named and described for future research. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 160 , 215–253.     

A revision of the Cossulinae of Costa Rica and cladistic analysis of the world species (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

The Cossidae are an economically important family of moths consisting of six subfamilies and more than 700 species globally. Their larvae are often of serious concern to forestry and horticulture in that they are known to bore in the branches and trunks of a wide range of trees and shrubs. Cossulinae is one of the six subfamilies of Cossidae and is restricted to the New World. As a result of this revision, the Costa Rican Cossulinae has been found to consist of five genera and 18 species. The phylogenetic relationships of all Cossulinae genera were analysed using the computer programs WinClada and NONA. Glandular organs new to Cossidae and the Lepidoptera have also been discovered. Four genera, Biocellata gen. nov. , Magulacra gen. nov. , Simplicivalva gen. nov. and Spinulata gen. nov. , and the following nine species are described as new: Biocellata bifida sp. nov. , Biocellata davisorum sp. nov. , Cossula buspina sp. nov. , Cossula duplexata sp. nov. , Cossula longirostrum sp. nov. , Cossula minutiloba sp. nov. , Simplicivalva ampliophilobia sp. nov. , Spinulata oblongata sp. nov. and Spinulata quasivinnea sp. nov. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 154 , 222–277.     

A reanalysis of Parabuthus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) phylogeny with descriptions of two new Parabuthus species endemic to the Central Namib gravel plains,Namibia

Two new thick‐tail scorpions in the genus Parabuthus Pocock, 1890 are described from the gravel plains of the Central Namib Desert, Namibia: Parabuthus glabrimanus sp. nov. ; Parabuthus setiventer sp. nov. The two new species occupy discrete distributional ranges, allopatric with the closely related species Parabuthus gracilis Lamoral, 1979 and Parabuthus nanus Lamoral, 1979. The distributions of the four species are mapped and a key provided for their identification. Revised diagnoses are provided for P. gracilis and P. nanus. The two new species are added to a previously published morphological character matrix for Parabuthus species and their phylogenetic positions determined in a reanalysis of Parabuthus phylogeny. Parabuthus setiventer sp. nov. is found to be the sister species of P. nanus, whereas P. glabrimanus sp. nov. is sister to a monophyletic group comprising P. gracilis, P. nanus, and P. setiventer sp. nov. The discovery of two new scorpion species endemic to the Central Namib gravel plains contributes to a growing body of evidence that this barren and desolate region is a hotspot of arachnid species richness and endemism. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 159 , 673–710.     

A new family of lithophoran Proseriata (Platyhelminthes), with the description of seven new species from the Indo‐Pacific and South America,and the proposal of three new genera

In this contribution a new representative of the taxon Meidiama Marcus, 1946, Meidiama uruguayensis sp. nov. , from Uruguay, is described, as are six more new species, for which three new genera are proposed: Dreuxiola philippi gen. nov. sp. nov. , from the French subantarctic archipelago Kerguelen; Yorknia aprostatica gen. nov. sp. nov. ; Serrula byronensis gen. nov. sp. nov. ; Serrula maxillaria sp. nov. ; Serrula concharum sp. nov. ; and Serrula acuta sp. nov. , from eastern Australia and Tasmania. Arguments are presented to propose a new taxon to contain these new species, rather than include them in the Archimonocelididae Meixner, 1938 (of which Meidiama has been considered a member so far), as well as to remove the Calviriinae Martens & Curini‐Galletti from the Archimonocelididae to become a separate taxon Calviriidae. Possible autapomorphies for the three families are discussed. It is also concluded that, with the present state of our knowledge, no sound indications can be given about close relationships. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 155 , 759–773.     

Revision of the genus Trogulus Latreille: the morphologically divergent Trogulus torosus species‐group of the Balkan Peninsula (Opiliones: Dyspnoi: Trogulidae)

Within the species‐rich European harvestman genus Trogulus Latreille, 1802, the Balkan Trogulus torosus species‐group as defined by Schönhofer and Martens is revised. The group is remarkable because it includes the world's largest Opiliones species, Trogulus torosus Simon, 1885, and Trogulus ozimeci sp. nov. is the first member of the family showing obvious adaption to subterranean life. According to nuclear 28S and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene data, the T. torosus species‐group and the Trogulus hirtus species‐group form a monophyletic unit. Only the former is treated here as a paraphyletic group. Despite this paraphyly, the T. torosus species‐group members share a number of morphological, morphometric, geographical, and ecological traits and are treated here as a unit for revisional work. Morphometric data are shown to be not only useful for species discrimination but also for species‐group delineation. Within the T. torosus species‐group six species are recognized: Trogulus banaticus Avram, 1971, Trogulus setosissimus Roewer, 1940, and T. torosus are re‐described; Trogulus megaligrava sp. nov. , T. ozimeci sp. nov. , and Trogulus tenuitarsus sp. nov. are described as new. Unusually within Trogulus, strong affiliations with subterranean habitats exist and are discussed. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London     

Systematics of the Gyrosigma balticum complex (Bacillariophyta), including three new species

Three new species in the genus Gyrosigma Hassall (G. caliG. Reid sp. nov., G. gibbyiG. Reid sp. nov. and G. murphyi G. Reid sp. nov) are described. A cladistic analysis on the basis of 10 morphological characters, was undertaken to investigate the interrelationships of these new species within Gyrosigma. As well as ‘standard’ cladistic analysis, which apportions equal weight to all characters, a posteriori differential weighting was also investigated. Pleurosigma subtilis Brébisson is transferred to Gyrosigma, as G. subtile (Brébisson) G. Reid comb. nov., because it is more closely related to other species of Gyrosigma than to Pleurosigma Smith. G. balticum var. californicum Grunow in Cleve and Möller is elevated to specific status [as G. californicum (Grunow in Cleve and Möller) G. Reid stat. nov.], because it does not form a monophyletic group with G. balticum (Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst.     

The Hawaiian amphibious caterpillar guild: new species of Hyposmocoma (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) confirm distinct aquatic invasions and complex speciation patterns

Although aquatic caterpillars are a globally rare lifestyle, we have found them in multiple, independent lineages of the endemic moth genus Hyposmocoma across all of the Hawaiian Islands with flowing water. We formally describe 11 new species of Hyposmocoma that belong to four different larval case types: cone, bugle, medium burrito, and large burrito: Hyposmocoma kahamanoa sp. nov. from Oahu Island, Hyposmocoma kamakou sp. nov. from Molokai Island, Hyposmocoma kahaiao sp. nov. , Hyposmocoma waihohonu sp. nov. , and Hyposmocoma moopalikea sp. nov. from Maui Island, and Hyposmocoma aumakuawai sp. nov. , Hyposmocoma eepawai sp. nov. , Hyposmocoma ipowainui sp. nov. , Hyposmocoma kawaikoi sp. nov. , Hyposmocoma uhauiole sp. nov. , and Hyposmocoma wailua sp. nov. from Kauai Island. We also illustrate and describe in detail the aquatic case‐bearing larva of Hyposmocoma kahamanoa. Despite having similar ecologies as algae and lichen grazers at and below the water line of streams, prior research indicates that species with each case type constitute an independent lineage, with terrestrial sister taxa, and therefore the different groups of species bearing unique case types each represent an independent aquatic invasion. The case‐bearing larvae often occur sympatrically, and on Kauai even species with similar case‐types occur together, suggesting complex patterns of speciation and either past periods of isolation or sympatric speciation. Phylogenetic analysis of 2243 base pairs from two nuclear and one mitochondrial gene for 18 species confirm that each species is endemic to a single volcano, and that morphological divergence within case‐types has not been dramatic. Diversification has been complex, and superficially similar case type lineages are not all monophyletic. Kauai, the oldest but smallest of the major high islands, supports more species in the aquatic guild than any other island, thus island age, rather than size, may be important in generating diversity in this group. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 162 , 15–42.     

Ecology and systematics of mangrove crabs of the genus Perisesarma (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from East Africa

East Africa has a reduced mangrove crab species richness when compared to Asian mangroves. To date, only one species of Perisesarma de Man, 1895 has been reported in East Africa, despite more than 30 years of mangrove research in this region. Based on morphology, colour, mtDNA and behaviour, we describe a new species of Perisesarma from Kenya, P. samawati sp. nov. Surprisingly, when comparing molecular data from other species within this genus, P. samawati sp. nov. and the sympatric P. guttatum (A. Milne Edwards, 1869) are not sister species. Some aspects of the ecology of P. guttatum and P. samawati sp. nov. are compared and the differences discussed. Additionally, we compare P. samawati sp. nov. with the ecological literature of a possible sister species P. eumolpe de Man, 1895 from Malaysian mangroves. Our findings suggest that the new species is an ecologically important species in East African mangroves.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 141 , 435–445.     

Revision and cladistic analysis of the jumping spider genus Onomastus (Araneae: Salticidae)

The jumping spider genus Onomastus Simon, 1900 is revised. Four new species: Onomastus indra sp. nov. , Onomastus kaharian sp. nov. , Onomastus pethiyagodai sp. nov. , and Onomastus rattotensis sp. nov. are described. Parsimony analysis of 26 morphological characters supported the monophyly of Onomastus. Lyssomanes is sister to Onomastus. Onomastus separates into two clades: the widespread South‐East Asia clade and the South Asia clade. The South Asia clade is restricted to the Sri Lanka–Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot. Species of the South Asia clade appear to be spot endemics, highly in danger of extinction because of habitat loss and climate change. Male palps are complex and species‐specific, suggesting rapid divergent evolution. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 159 , 711–745.     

DNA sequences corroborate Soesiladeepakius as a non‐salticoid genus of jumping spiders: placement with lapsiines,phylogeny, and description of six new species (Araneae,Salticidae)

Species of the Amazonian jumping spider genus Soesiladeepakius Makhan are confirmed as non‐salticoids. Sequences of nuclear (28S, Actin) and mitochondrial (16S through NADH dehydrogenase subunit I, ‘16S‐ND1’) gene regions, analysed under parsimony and maximum likelihood, placed the genus within the lapsiines, closely related to Galianora Maddison. Additionally, six new species of this genus are herein described, namely Soesiladeepakius lyra sp. nov. , Soesiladeepakius retroversus sp. nov. , Soesiladeepakius arthrostylus sp. nov. , Soesiladeepakius gasnieri sp. nov. , Soesiladeepakius biarmatus sp. nov. , and Soesiladeepakius uncinatus sp. nov. , all from the Amazon region in Brazil. To test the monophyly of Soesiladeepakius within lapsiines, a cladistic analysis was carried out using a data matrix comprising 24 morphological characters scored for 12 taxa. The analysis resulted in two equally parsimonious trees of 29 steps. One of these trees is used to discuss the relationships among the species of Soesiladeepakius and character evolution. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 165 , 274–295.     

Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Asian Paraleucophenga Hendel (Diptera,Drosophilidae)

This paper reports on nine Asian species of the genus Paraleucophenga, of which four are new to science: Paraleucophenga brevipenis sp. nov. , Paraleucophenga hirtipenis sp. nov. , Paraleucophenga longiseta sp. nov. , and Paraleucophenga tanydactylia sp. nov. We also report on a new synonym, Paraleucophenga shanyinensis Chen & Toda, 1994 syn. nov. A key to all of the species examined, based on morphological data, is provided, together with a ‘molecular’ key to seven Paraleudophenga species based on DNA sequence data of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene. The phylogenetic relationships among seven Paraleucophenga species are reconstructed based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 gene, using two Leucophenga species as outgroups. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 155 , 615–629.     

The lace web spiders (Araneae,Phyxelididae) of Madagascar: phylogeny,biogeography and taxonomy

We briefly review the potential history of Madagascar as either a Darwinian or a Wallacean island, summarize the phylogenetic evidence regarding the biogeography of Madagascar spiders, examine the dispersal history of the Madagascar Phyxelididae, and monograph the family in Madagascar. Molecular phylogenetic analyses for 32 Malagasy phyxelidid exemplars, nine confamilial outgroup taxa, and seven other more distant outgroups are performed for three nuclear markers and one mitochondrial genetic marker (28S, 18S, H3 and COI) utilizing Bayesian, maximum‐likelihood and parsimony methods. These analyses suggest that there are 14 species of Phyxelididae that may be recognized from Madagascar, that these may be divided into three genera, and that the Malagasy phyxelidids form a monophyletic group, probably resulting from a single invasion of the island by an ancestor from Africa. Two new genera, ten new species, and two new combinations are proposed: Manampoka atsimo gen. nov., sp. nov. ; Rahavavy gen. nov. , including R. ida sp. nov. and R. fanivelona (Griswold, 1990) comb. nov. and R. malagasyana (Griswold, 1990) comb. nov. ; and Ambohima andrefana sp. nov. , A. antsinanana sp. nov. , A. avaratra sp. nov. , A. maizina sp. nov. , A. ranohira sp. nov. , A. vato sp. nov. , A. zandry sp. nov. and A. zoky sp. nov. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 164 , 728–810.     

TWO NEW GENERA,FIVE NEW SPECIES AND ONE NEW SUBSPECIES OF FORDINAE (HOMOPTERA: PEMPHIGIDAE) FROM CHINA*

Abstract The present paper describes 2 new genera, viz_:Dimelaphis Zhang, gen. nov and Siciforda Zhang, gen. nov, 5 new species viz: Chaetogeoica ulmidrupa Zhang sp. nov, D. obtusifalcata Zhang, sp. nov., Forda auralenta Zhang et Qiao, sp. nov., F. multicoma Zhang, sp. nov. and S. sexiarticulata Zhang, sp.nov. and 1 new subspecies Paracletus cimiciformis zhanhuanus Zhang, ssp. nov. from China. All type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.