基于ITS序列分析探讨杜鹃属映山红亚属的组间关系

以叶状苞亚属的叶状苞杜鹃为外类群,以杜鹃属映山红亚属（subg.Tsutsusi)2组12种杜鹃和羊踯躅亚属（subg.Pentanthera）3种4种杜鹃的ITS区（包括5.8S rDNA)的序列了系统学分析。3个亚属的ITS区序长度范围为642－645bp。排序后ITS区的序列长度为653个位点,gap做缺失处理时,变异位点和信息位点分别占6．58％和3．68％。运用PAUP4．0软件分析,获得15个最简树,步长为75,一致性指数（CI）和维持性指数（RI）值分别为0．9333和0．9515,利用15个最简约树获取严格一致树,结果表明：1）映山红亚属为一单系类群,其内部支持率为81％;2）不支持将R.ashiroi独立成假映山红组,也不支持将R.tashiroi并入映山红组,而支持将R.tashiroi并入轮生叶组中的观点;3）支持将R.tsusiophyllum并入映山红组中的观点;4）大字杜鹃的系统位置还需进一步的研究。     

广西杜鹃花研究(一)

<正> 1.岩谷杜鹃 新种 图1 (杜鹃亚属,长尾种子组) 附生小灌木,高20—6O厘米;枝圆柱状,密布小疣瘤,近似越橘杜鹃Rh.vaccinioides Hook.f.和匍枝杜鹃Rh.euonymifolium Lévl.;不同于前者为:叶密集,非散生,边缘外折,花黄色;不同于后者为叶向枝端聚生,较小,花萼裂片长圆形,被缘毛,花较小;不同于二者为子房和蒴果有鳞点而且被毛,可资区别。     

杜鹃花属映山红亚属植物叶表皮显微形态特征及其分类学意义

为澄清映山红亚属(Rhododendron subg. Tsutsusi)内的系统关系问题,该研究选择杜鹃花属映山红亚属37种植物作为对象,其中29种为首次报道,通过扫描电镜观察其叶表皮显微特征。结果表明:(1)气孔器均为无规则型且均在远轴面。(2)根据叶片微形态特征将映山红亚属的种类分为杜鹃型(R. simisii-type)、岭南杜鹃型(R. mariae-type)、皋月杜鹃型(R. indicum-type)、崖壁杜鹃型(R. saxatile-type)及丁香杜鹃型(R. farrerae-type)5种类型。(3)杜鹃型植物的气孔器周边无或具间断的条形突起。(4)岭南杜鹃型植物的气孔器周围有多层条形突起环绕,保卫细胞两极不具T型加厚。(5)皋月杜鹃型植物的叶表皮保卫细胞两极具有T型加厚,与叶状苞亚属(Subg. Therorhodion)叶状苞杜鹃(R. redowskianum)的气孔器特征相似,推测其与叶状苞亚属具有一定的亲缘关系。(6)崖壁杜鹃型植物的叶表皮毛单一,多呈卷曲状,与其他类型有所不同且未见腺体。(7)丁香杜鹃型植物的叶表皮仅有腺体。(8)依据叶表皮微形态特征讨论了一些近缘种类的关系,如倾向于将背绒杜鹃(R. hypoblematosum)和千针叶杜鹃(R. polyraphidoideum)处理为独立的种,支持保留紫薇春(R. naamkwanense var. cryptonerve)作为南昆杜鹃(R. naamkwanense)的变种地位,不支持将腺花杜鹃(R. adenanthum)并入细瘦杜鹃(R. tenue)作异名处理等。该研究结果表明叶表皮显微特征在映山红亚属内物种划分上具有重要价值。     

基于ITS序列探讨杜鹃属的亚属和组间系统关系

首次报道了15种杜鹃属(Rhododendron)植物、1种杜香属(Ledum)植物和Cassiope fastigiata的内转录间隔区(ITS) (包括5.8S)序列.加上从GenBank下载的13种杜鹃属植物和Bajiaria racemosa的ITS序列,以C. fastigiata和B. racemosa为外类群,用最大简约法对杜鹃属的亚属和组间的系统关系进行了分析.结果表明: 1)杜鹃属是一个单系类群,叶状苞亚属为杜鹃属的基部类群; 2)杜香属确应归并到杜鹃属中,且与有鳞杜鹃亚属有较近的亲缘关系; 3)有鳞杜鹃亚属和杜香构成一个单系分支,该分支是其余无鳞杜鹃花的姐妹群; 4)由无鳞杜鹃花组成的一个分支的内部支持率较低,其中常绿杜鹃亚属和映山红亚属均为内部支持率很高的单系类群,而羊踯躅亚属和马银花亚属均为多系类群; 5)在马银花亚属中,长蕊杜鹃组和马银花组均分别得到强烈支持,马银花组与异蕊杜鹃亚属可能构成姐妹群关系,异蕊杜鹃亚属和马银花组组成的一个分支可能与映山红亚属构成姐妹群关系.     

基于ITS序列探讨杜鹃属的亚属和组间系统关系

首次报道了 15种杜鹃属 (Rhododendron)植物、1种杜香属 (Ledum)植物和Cassiopefastigiata的内转录间隔区(ITS) (包括 5 .8S)序列。加上从GenBank下载的 13种杜鹃属植物和Bajiariaracemosa的ITS序列 ,以C .fastigiata和B .racemosa为外类群 ,用最大简约法对杜鹃属的亚属和组间的系统关系进行了分析。结果表明 :1)杜鹃属是一个单系类群 ,叶状苞亚属为杜鹃属的基部类群 ;2 )杜香属确应归并到杜鹃属中 ,且与有鳞杜鹃亚属有较近的亲缘关系 ;3)有鳞杜鹃亚属和杜香构成一个单系分支 ,该分支是其余无鳞杜鹃花的姐妹群 ;4 )由无鳞杜鹃花组成的一个分支的内部支持率较低 ,其中常绿杜鹃亚属和映山红亚属均为内部支持率很高的单系类群 ,而羊踯躅亚属和马银花亚属均为多系类群 ;5 )在马银花亚属中 ,长蕊杜鹃组和马银花组均分别得到强烈支持 ,马银花组与异蕊杜鹃亚属可能构成姐妹群关系 ,异蕊杜鹃亚属和马银花组组成的一个分支可能与映山红亚属构成姐妹群关系。     

华顶杜鹃ISSR反应体系的优化及亲缘关系的初步分析

以华顶杜鹃为材料,利用单因素试验确立适合华顶杜鹃ISSR-PCR的优化反应体系:在25μL反应体系中,Mg2+1.5或2.0mmol/L,dNTPs 0.3mmol/L,引物0.40μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶lU,模板DNA 40ng;分析ISSR-PCR反应体系中Mg2+、dNTP、引物、模板DNA、Taq DNA聚合酶浓度及退火温度对ISSR-PCR反应的影响。PCR扩增程序:预变性94℃ 3min;变性94℃ 45s;退火(Tm+2)℃(根据引物不同设定)75s;延伸72℃ 1.5min;40个循环;继续延伸72℃ 10min;1.5%琼脂糖电泳分离PCR产物。并以优化好的体系初步分析华顶杜鹃及5个近缘种(茶绒杜鹃、Rhododendron mayebrae、Rh.sataense、南平杜鹃和映山红)的亲缘关系,6个种明显地聚为2大类:A类含有映山红、南平杜鹃;B类含有茶绒杜鹃、Rh.sataense、Rh.mayebrae与华顶杜鹃,为明确华顶杜鹃的系统地位提供可借鉴的依据。     

野生杜鹃杂交亲和性及适宜的评价指标

以映山红和马银花为母本,映山红亚属、羊踯躅亚属、杜鹃亚属、常绿杜鹃亚属以及马银花亚属的5个亚属16个中国野生杜鹃种为父本进行杂交授粉,统计子房膨大率、坐果率和种子萌发率,分析杜鹃属植物远缘杂交的亲和性,探讨其杂交亲和性适宜的评价指标。结果表明:映山红作为母本,与同亚属的杜鹃杂交亲和性较好,与其它亚属的杜鹃种的杂交亲和性存在显著的亚属间和种间差异;而马银花作为母本,与同亚属的西施花进行杂交,未获得杂交果实和种子,但与杜鹃其它亚属种的杂交,部分杂交组合显示出较好的杂交亲和性。这一结果表明,映山红作为母本,与马银花相比,有着较好的杂交亲和性,并且杜鹃属植物的杂交亲和性与目前杜鹃分类体系中的亲缘关系并没有直接关系。进一步的数据分析表明,子房膨大率与坐果率、坐果率与蒴果平均种子数之间呈显著正相关,但子房膨大率与果实内种子数无直接相关性;花粉活力(大于15%)、父母本花柱长度比(在0.50~2.12范围内)与子房膨大率等亲和性指标无显著相关性。     

福建大仙峰杜鹃属植物资源特征及其应用研究

通过样线法调查福建省大田县大仙峰野生杜鹃属(Rhododendron)植物资源,掌握其种类及形态特征、适生环境、花期等特性。大仙峰共记录11种杜鹃属植物,分属4亚属,其中映山红亚属3种、马银花亚属4种、常绿杜鹃亚属3种、羊踟蹰亚属1种,种类不同,花期、花色均有所不同。从春季开始至夏季均可欣赏到不同景色的杜鹃。对溪畔杜鹃(R. rivulare)、羊踯躅(R. molle)2种杜鹃进行扦插育苗,二者成活率皆在45%以上,达到资源保存的目的。大仙峰杜鹃属植物种质资源丰富,类型多样,分布范围广,有较大的开发潜力和应用前景。     

盐碱胁迫对4种杜鹃属植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为研究杜鹃属植物的耐盐耐碱性及筛选耐盐耐碱种,在组培条件下观测不同浓度NaCl、NaHCO3处理下对马银花(Rhododendron ovatum)、满山红(R.mariesii)、映山红(R.simsii)和云锦杜鹃(R.fortunei)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.研究结果表明:盐、碱胁迫对杜鹃花种子萌发和幼苗生长有...     

中国贵州杜鹃属两新种

报道了中国贵州杜鹃属植物2新种--枇杷叶杜鹃(Rhododendron eriobotryoides Xiang Chen & Jia Y.Huang)和金波杜鹃(R.jinboense Xiang Chen & X.Chen).枇杷叶杜鹃与皱叶杜鹃(R.denudatum)相似,但本种叶背毛被较薄而稀疏,花丝基部密被微柔毛,花柱通体被腺体.金波杜鹃与短脉杜鹃(R.brevinerve)相似,但前者的叶长圆状椭圆形,叶片上卷呈U形,花序具较多花,花冠较长,花丝基部密被微柔毛,子房密被绒毛.目前,仅发现2新种各有1个含数株的种群,资源量十分稀少,依据IUCN红色名录标准均属于极危物种(CR),需要加以重点保护.     

A Study on the Genus Saxifraga L. from China

This paper presents a system of the genus Saxifraga L. from China, recognizes 2 subgenera, 8 sections, 7 subsections (including 1 new subsection), 31 series (including 23 new series), 4 subseries (new subseries) and 203 species (including 2 new species and 4 new varieties). The new taxa, statuses, combinations and names in this paper are as follows: Sect. Biro- stres (Gornall) C. Y. Wu et J. T. Pan, stat. nov.,; Sect. Punctatae (Engl.) J. T. Pan, stat. nov.; Ser. Rufescentes J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Saxifraga lonshengensis J. T. Pan, sp. nov.; S. rufescens Balf. f. var. uninervata J. T. Pan, var. nov.; S. rufescens Balf. f. var. flabellifolia C. Y. Wu et J. T. Pan, nom. nov.; Ser. Stonoliferae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Stellariifoliae (Engl. et Irmsch.) J. T. Pan, stat. nov.; Subser. Aristulatae J. T. Pan, subser. nov.; Subser. Montanae J. T. Pan, subser, nov.; Saxifraga ciliatopetata (Engl. et Irmsch.) J. T. Pan var. ciliata J. T. Pan, var. nov.; Subser. Gonggashanenses J. T. Pan, subser, nov.; Subser. Car- diophyllae J. T. Pan, subser. nov.; Saxifraga egregia Engl. var. xiaojinensis J. T. Pan, var. nov.; Ser. Caveanae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Heterocladoideae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Chumbienses J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Bulleyanae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Brachypodae C. Y. Wu et J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Erinaceae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Saxifraga substrigosa J. T. Pan var. gemmifera J. T. Pan, var. nov.; Ser. Umbellulatae J. T. Pan, ser. nov; Ser. Yu- shuenses J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Ungviculatae J. T. Pan, Ser. nov.; Ser. Punctu- latae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Candelabriformes J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Tanguti- cae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Saxifraga tangutica Engl. var. platyphylla (H. Smith) J. T. Pan, comb. nov.; Ser. Yaluzangbuenses J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Jainzhuglaenses J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Saxifraga jainzhulaensis J. T. Pan, sp. nov.; Ser. Jacquemontianae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Nanae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Subsect. Microgynae J. T. Pan, subsect. nov.; Ser. Nangxi- anenses J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Mucronulatae J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Parkaenses J.T. Pan, ser. nov.; Ser. Deqenenses J. T. Pan, ser. nov.; Saxifraga mucronulatoides J. T. Pan, nom. nov.     

Notes on the Genus Elaeocarpus Linn. from China

The Chinese Elaeocarpus Linn. is revised. Here reported are those taxa with different treatment in “Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. “, Tomus 49 (1), including one new species and one new variety: Elaeocarpus limitaneioides Y. Tang and E. glabripetalus var. grandifructus Y. Tang, Four species and two varieties are reduced: E. boreali-yunnanensis H. T. Chang is reduced to E. lacunosus Wall. ex Kurz; E. floribundioides H. T. Chang to E. austro-yunnanensis Hu; E. fengjieensis P. C. Tuan to E. duclouxii Gagnep .; E. kwangsiensis H .T. Chang to E. glabripetalus var. alatus(Knuth) H. T. Chang; E. glabripetalus var. teres H. T. Chang to E. glabripetalus var. glabripetalus ; E. prunifolioides var. rectinervis H. T. Chang to E. prunifolioides Hu. It is found that three species, E. rugosus Roxb., E. sikkimensis Mast. and E. decandrus Merr., were wrongly determined as E. apiculatus Mast., E. fleuryi Gagnep. and E. chinensis Hook. f., respectively. In the paper also reported are some provincial new records. The infrageneric systems are discussed briefly and the Masters’ system isfollowed with some modifications.     

TELYCHIAN (LLANDOVERY, SILURIAN) BIVALVES FROM SPAIN

Abstract:  Twenty species of bivalves (14 new) and 14 genera (six new) are described from two localities in the Silurian, upper Telychian, Oktavites spiralis Biozone of Spain: Cardavia cathleenae gen. et sp. nov., C. hafi sp. nov . , C. stefani sp. nov.; Copenychia franta gen. et sp. nov., C. pristina sp. nov.; Stolidotus marco sp. nov.; Telycardia malinka gen. et sp. nov.; Silurinka vetula gen. et sp. nov.; Bolsopteria lentilka gen. et sp. nov.; Nennapteria ibericola gen. et sp. nov., N. ollicula sp. nov.; Actinopteria dakryodes sp. nov., A. isabelae sp. nov. and Dceruska hispanica sp. nov. They comprise two closely related communities, the Copenychia-Cardavia-Actinopteria Community and the Dceruska-Copenychia-Stolidotus Community, which belong to the Snoopyia Community Group. The occurrence of Dceruska Barrande, 1881, Dualina Barrande, 1881, Patrocardia Barrande, 1881, Silurinka , gen. nov., Slava Barrande, 1881 and Stolidotus Hede, 1915 in the Telychian of the Central Iberian Domain, Spain, supports palaeogeographical relationships with other Lower Silurian regions of north Gondwanan and Perunican Europe: the Carnic Alps (Austria), the Montagne Noire (France), Sardinia (Italy) and the Prague Basin (Bohemia), and also to Avalonia: the Welsh Borderland (Great Britain) and Baltica–Skåne (Sweden). These genera together with the new genera Cardavia, Copenychia (the earliest known representatives of the Silurian family Cardiolidae), Telycardia (the oldest known representative of the family Praecardiidae) and Silurinka belong to a Bohemian type of bivalve. Bolsopteria lentilka is closely related to Bolsopteria elliptica (Hind, 1910) from the Aeronian (middle Llandovery) of Scotland.     

New cave-dwelling spiders of the family Dictynidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Guangxi and Guizhou,China

Twenty-four new spider species of the family Dictynidae from caves of Guangxi and Guizhou in southern China are described,accompanied by line drawings and photomicroscopy images.Fifteen of them belong to Brommella Tullgren,1948:B.baiseensis Li,sp.nov.,B.casseabri Li,sp.nov.,B.chongzuoensis Li,sp.nov.,B.dolabrata Li,sp.nov.,B.funaria Li,sp.nov.,B.josephkohi Li,sp.nov.,B.linyuchengi Li,sp.nov.,B.renguodongi Li,sp.nov.,B.resima Li,sp.nov.,B.sejuncta Li,sp.nov.,B.spirula Li,sp.nov.,B.tongyanfengi Li,sp.nov.,B.wangfengcheni Li,sp.nov.,B.xinganensis Li,sp.nov.and B.yizhouensis Li,sp.nov.;eight to Cicurina Menge,1871:C.avicularia Li,sp.nov.,C.damaoensis Li,sp.nov.,C.dong Li,sp.nov.,C.kailiensis Li,sp.nov.,C.majiangensis Li,sp.nov.,C.parallela Li,sp.nov.,C.wusanani Li,sp.nov.,and C.zhazuweii Li,sp.nov.;one to Lathys Simon,1884:L.inaffecta Li,sp.nov.Types of all new species are deposited in the Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).     

Observations on some new and interesting Cryptophyceae

Three new varieties and two new combinations of marine Cryptophyceae are described: Proteomonas pseudobaltica comb, nov., P. pseudobaltica var. leonardiana var. nov., Pyrenomonas salina var. curvata var. nov., Rhinomonas reticulata var. atrorosea comb, et stat. nov., and R. reticulata var. compressa var. nov. Proteomonas is compared to the freshwater Cryptomonas marssonii. Planktonic specimens collected from the southern North Sea during the NERC North Sea Project 1988/89, tentatively identified as Cryptomonas acuta and Plagioselmis sp., are also examined. Characters having taxonomic significance at various levels include cell compression, periplast features, chloroplast number, nucleomorph position, and phycoerythrin type. Comments are made on cell shrinkage occuring during preparation for scanning electron microscopy (up to about 23%). The appearance af trie vestibular region from which the flagella emerge is also discussed. It is suggested that the term 'furrow' may encompass a variety of structures. Of these, only one appears to be non-artefactual; this seems to be taxonomically significant at most at the species level.     

NEW SPECIES OF GENUS MANSONIELLA POPPIUS FROM CHINA (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE: BRYOCORINAE)

本文记述了曼盲蝽属ＭａｎｓｏｎｉｅｌａＰｏｐｐｉｕｓ,１９１５的７个新种：环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ａｎｎｕｌａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;脊曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｃｒｉｓｔａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;狭长曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;黄翅曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｆｌａｖａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;胡桃曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｊｕｇｌａｎｄｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;瑰环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｒｏｓａｃｅａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;赤环曼盲蝽Ｍ．ｒｕｂｉｄａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。提出３个新组合：Ｍ．ｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉｕ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．;Ｍ．ｓａｓａｆｒｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉｕ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．;Ｍ．ｗａｎｇｉ（ＺｈｅｎｇｅｔＬｉ,１９９２）,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．,均由ＰａｃｈｙｐｅｌｔｉｓＳｉｇｎｏｒｅｔ属移入本属,模式标本存放于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室     

Materials for the Charaphyta of China

Reported in this paper are two new species, one new variety, and three new records of the Characeae collected in China. They are Nitella anhuensis sp. nov., Chara paucicarpa sp. nov., Nitella alleninda var. tenuireticulata var. nov., N. gracilliformis J. Grove., N. formosa T. F. Allen and Chara tenuispina A. Br.     

云南禄丰古猿地点的松鼠类化石

记述了云南禄丰晚中新世石灰坝古猿地点发现的松鼠科化石。禄丰石灰坝动物群的松鼠动物共有 7属 7种 :地松鼠Sciurotamiaswangisp .nov .,树松鼠Tamiopssp .、Callosciurussp .、Dremomysprimitivussp .nov .和飞松鼠Miopetauristaasiaticasp .nov .、Hylopetodondianensegen .etsp.nov.、Pteromyinaegen.etsp .indet.。该动物群松鼠类动物的组成以树松鼠和飞松鼠为主 ,反映了较为湿润的热带—亚热带森林环境。在动物地理上 ,其成员几乎局限于东南亚分布 ,具有浓厚的现代东洋界色彩