Pirupalkia queulensis n. gen., n.sp. (Digenea: Callodistomidae) in the fish Cilus montti (Pomadasyidae)

A new genus and species of the subfamily Callodistomidae is described. The new genus is named Pirupalkia queulensis n. gen., and was found in the small intestine of the fish Cilus montti. This new genus, compared with other genus of the subfamily differs principally in the distribution of the vitellaria and location of the uterus.     

毛离褶伞——一种孢子杆状的离褶伞科新属和新种

根据形态和分子系统发育证据,描述采自我国西南的新属和新种毛离褶伞Tricholyophyllum brunneum。与离褶伞科其他属不同,该新属的菌盖表皮为毛皮状,菌柄表皮为不连续的毛皮状,有褶缘囊状体,担孢子长椭圆形至圆柱形。     

Proposal to change the genus designation Serpula to Serpulina gen. nov. containing the species Serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpulina innocens comb. nov.

The bacterial genus Serpula Stanton et al. 1991 is illegitimate due to the existence of a fungal genus Serpula Pers. ex S. F. Gray. Consequently, a new genus designation, Serpulina, is proposed for this spirochete genus. Serpula hyodysenteriae, the type species, and Serpula innocens Stanton et al. 1991, therefore, become Serpulina hyodysenteriae comb. nov. and Serpulina innocens comb. nov.     

Phylogenetic analysis of Alysiella and related genera of Neisseriaceae: proposal of Alysiella crassa comb. nov., Conchiformibium steedae gen. nov., comb. nov., Conchiformibium kuhniae sp. nov. and Bergeriella denitrificans gen. nov., comb. nov

A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals that Alysiella filiformis belongs to the family Neisseriaceae. The genus Simonsiella is phylogenetically separated by the genera Kingella and Neisseria. The species Simonsiella crassa and A. filiformis show a close phylogenetic relationship, with the 16S rDNA sequence similarity and the DNA-DNA hybridization representing 98.7% and 35%, respectively. Therefore, S. crassa should be transferred from the genus Simonsiella to the genus Alysiella as Alysiella crassa comb. nov. Simonsiella steedae and Simonsiella sp. of cat origin show strong genetic affinities and are distantly related with the type species of Simonsiella, S. mulleri. Thus, a new genus, Conchiformibium is proposed; Conchiformibium steedae comb. nov. and Conchiformibium kuhniae sp. nov. are accommodated in this new genus. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic distinction from the genus Neisseria, N. denitrificans should be reclassified, for which a new genus and new combination Bergeriella denitrificans are proposed.     

The Systematic Position of Diplopanax Hand.-Mazz.

Diplopanax is a genus described by H. Handel-Mazzetti in 1933 according to a flowered specimen. It was originally considered as belonging to the family Araliaceae. But fruit characters of this genus such as very large in size, oblong-ovoid in shape, and containing only one seed in a locule which has a curved embryo and very hard when dry etc., differ greatly from all other araliaceous plants, and evidently resemble those of the cornaceous genus Mastixia Bl. In addition, the fruit is very similar to the cornaceous fossil genus Tectocarya F. Kirchh., from which it may be distinguished by the absence of 2 germinate pores in the endocarp. Consequently, the present author tends to consider that the genus Diplopanax Hand.-Mazz. is best placed in Cornaceae, not in Araliaceae.     

Seed Structure in the Genus Bauhinia L. (fam. Fabaceae Lindl.) in the Context of Taxonomy

We studied seeds in 13 species of the genus Bauhinia L. They can be divided into two groups considerably differing in macro-, micro-, and ultrastructure. The data obtained should be used for the genus taxonomy.     

Gamma-proteobacteria Aquicella lusitana gen. nov., sp. nov., and Aquicella siphonis sp. nov. infect protozoa and require activated charcoal for growth in laboratory media

Several isolates, belonging to two new species of the same novel genus of gamma-proteobacteria, were recovered from drilled well (borehole) and spa water at S?o Gemil in central Portugal. These organisms are phylogenetically most closely related to the strictly intracellular uncultured species of the genus Rickettsiella, which cause disease in arthropods, and to the facultatively intracellular species of the genus Legionella, some of which cause Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever. The S?o Gemil strains grew only on media containing charcoal, as is also true of the species of the genus LEGIONELLA: Unlike the vast majority of Legionella isolates, the new isolates did not require L-cysteine or ferric pyrophosphate for growth but like the legionellae had an absolute requirement for alpha-ketoglutarate. Strains SGT-39(T) and SGT-56 grew consistently between 30 and 43 degrees C, while strains SGT-108(T) and SGT-109 grew between 30 and 40 degrees C. The pH ranges for growth of these organisms were surprisingly narrow: strains SGT-39(T) and SGT-56 grew between pH 6.3 and 7.3, while strains SGT-108(T) and SGT-109 grew between pH 6.3 and 7.0. Both organisms proliferated in the amoeba Hartmannella vermiformis but did not grow in U937 human cells. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and physiological, biochemical, and chemical analysis we describe two new species of one novel genus; one species is represented by strain SGT-39(T), for which we propose the name Aquicella lusitana, while strain SGT-108(T) represents a second species of the same genus, for which we propose the name Aquicella siphonis.     

Diagnosis and relationships of the myrmicine ant genus Ishakidris gen.n. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract. The ant genus lshakidris from Sarawak is described as new. Its relationships with the Brasilian monotypic genus Phalacromyrmex Kempf and the Malagasy monotypic genus Pilotrochus Brown are discussed, and the Phalacromyrmex genus-group is established to hold the three genera. The resemblances of lshakidris to the smithistrumiform dacetine genus Glamymmyrmex Wheeler and the agroecomyrmecine genus Tatuidris Brown & Kempf are discussed and the similarities are analysed as the results of convergence in the characters concerned.     

A Study on the Genus Cephalotaxus Sieb. et Zucc.

The genus Cephalotaxus contains a small number of species. It is adequately appreciated as a newly discovered cancerresistant medicament for the alkaloids obtained from its branches leaves and barks are of curative effect. This paper deals with the classificatory revision based on the morphological features, with the reference to the anatomical characters of leaves, types of alkaloids and pollen morphology observed. Two new combinations are proposed, and 4 species and varieties are reduced in the paper. The genus Cephalotaxus is thus suggested to consist of 2 sections and 9 species. The trees occur in East Asia and the north of Indo-China, with 88% found in China where is the distribution centre and refuge of the genus. The genus in discussion is of unique morphological features which are distinctly different from these of Amentotaxus, Cephalotaxaceae, containing a single genus of Cephalotaxus, is closely related to Taxaceae, and therefore the Cephalotaxaceae is best placed in the Taxinieae of Coniferales.     

New basidiomycetous yeasts from Southern Africa. II. Sterigmatomyces wingfieldii sp. n.

A new, insect-associated species of the emended genus Sterigmatomyces, St. wingfieldii, is described. A key to the emended genus is given.     

Latitudinal trends in wood anatomy within species and genera: case study in Cornus s.l. (Cornaceae)

Latitudinal trends in wood anatomical characters in three Asiatic species of Cornus sensu lato (s.l.) were studied and compared with those for the whole genus based on an extensive sampling covering the specific distribution ranges and the generic data from a previous study. We studied 124 specimens of C. controversa growing between 31.5° and 45.3° N, 54 of C. kousa between 24.4° and 40.5° N, and 64 of C. macrophylla between 27.8° and 41.0° N. Characters studied were vessel element length, fiber length, vessel frequency, tangential vessel diameter, and vessel grouping index. At the species level no latitudinal trends were detected throughout the distribution ranges of the species. Neither tree size, altitude, nor climatic factors had a significant correlation with wood anatomical characters. In contrast, at the genus level, latitudinal trends were significant not just for the whole genus, but for both New and Old World species groups. At the genus level, latitude and three climatic factors all had a significant correlation with wood anatomical characters, but correlation coefficients with latitude were markedly high. The difference in latitudinal trends between the genus and species levels may be due to the radiation of Cornus along paleoclimatic gradients in the early Tertiary.     

Brachylepis gen. n.--a new genus of cestodes (Cyclophyllidea: Hymenolepididae) from shrews in Siberia and the Far East

A new genus Brachylepis gen. n. hymenolepididean cestodes associated with common shrews (Sorex) in Siberia and Russian Far East is created. These genus includes three species removed from the genus Mathevolepis: Brachylepis morosovi (Karpenko, 1994) comb. n. (type species), B. sorextscherskii (Morosov, 1957) comb. n. and B. triovaria Karpenko, 1990) comb. n. The new genus is characterized by the gradual strobila with a little number of segments, unarmed scolex with apical glandular organ, by lack of internal seminal vesicle and differential seminal receptacle, by form of uterus as horse shoe in young worms and buble-like in mature worms. A tendency of inverse proportional dependence between the number of uterus segments in the strobila and the number of hexacanths in the uterus has been noticed. The table of differential characters for the species of the genus Brachylepis is proposed.     

Nocardia testaceus sp. nov. and Nocardia senatus sp. nov., isolated from patients in Japan

Two actinomycete strains isolated from sputum between 1999 and 2001 in Japan were provisionally assigned to the genus Nocardia based on morphological criteria. These isolates were further studied in order to determine their specific taxonomic status. Detailed chemotaxonomic characterization and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis of these isolates also confirmed that they belong to the genus Nocardia. The 16S rDNA sequence data of the two strains showed that they are most similar to that of Nocardia carnea and Nocardia flavorosea. However, DNA-DNA relatedness data showed that the two strains could be distinguished from N. carnea and N. flavorosea and therefore represented two new species within the genus Nocardia. The designation of the two isolated strains are Nocardia testaceus for IFM 0937(T) (=JCM 12235(T), DSM 44765(T)) and Nocardia senatus for IFM 10088(T) (=JCM 12236(T), DSM 44766(T)).     

PSEUDOFAGUS IDAHOENSIS,N. GEN. ET SP. (FAGACEAE) FROM THE MIOCENE CLARKIA FLORA OF IDAHO

A new genus and species of Fagaceae are established for compressed leaves and attached fruits which represent one of the dominant taxa in the rich Miocene Clarkia flora of northern Idaho. The leaf and fruit morphology, cuticular and pericarp anatomy, and leaf phytoliths fall within the range of variation of the subfamily Fagoideae. The unique fruit consists of a large, exposed, distinctly keeled, trigonous nut and a diminutive basal cupule. The cupule has an apical frill of free, petiolate, leaflike appendages but lacks other ornamentation, and there is no evidence of a distinct Valvation. As no other genus of the Fagaceae has fruits with this combination of characters, a new genus is established and is referred to the subfamily Fagoideae. The Miocene genus seems most closely related to the extant genus Fagus.     

Haslea salstonica sp. nov. and Haslea pseudostrearia sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), two new epibenthic diatoms from the Kingsbridge estuary, United Kingdom

Two new diatom species, Haslea salstonica and Haslea pseudostrearia are described in light and electron microscopy and compared with two well-known members of Haslea. Scanning electron microscope observations confirm that the new species belong to the genus Haslea. This study extends previous observations on the genus, particularly with respect to the development of a pseudostauros. The characteristic features of the genus are discussed briefly.     

菊三七属植物化学成分及药理作用的研究进展

菊科菊三七属植物中含有生物碱类、黄酮类、香豆素类、三萜类、甾体类及其皂苷、倍半萜类、酚酸类、脑苷脂类等化学成分,具有良好的止血、降血糖、降血压、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗凝血等药理活性。可见,该属植物化学成分丰富,药理活性多样,极具药用及食用保健价值。本文就近年来菊三七属植物的化学成分和药理作用研究进展作一综述。     

High degree of conservation of nuclear microsatellite loci in the genus Clusia.

In plants, microsatellites and their flanking DNA are rarely conserved across a whole genus, let alone other genera in the same family. Therefore, the possibility of using microsatellite primers developed for a species across a large number of plant species in the same genus is often limited. Remarkably, dinucleotide nuclear microsatellites developed for Clusia minor and for Clusia nemorosa amplified homologous microsatellites in species across the whole genus Clusia. In this present study, we report on the DNA sequence variation across the genus of 3 microsatellite loci with varying levels of variation. Compared over the species, there was a correlation between the lengths of the microsatellite loci. Interrupts occurred multiple times and did not seem to lead to the death of the microsatellite. These highly conserved markers will be useful for studying the variable reproductive systems in the genus Clusia.     

DNA-DNA hybridization assay for detection of Salmonella spp. in foods.

We have developed a DNA-DNA hybridization test for the presence of Salmonella spp. in foods. This test requires an initial pre-enrichment of food samples in nutrient broth but does not require selective enrichment. Samples of food cultures are collected on membrane filters and assayed by molecular hybridization to labeled probes. The probes consist of DNA sequences which are unique to the genus Salmonella and are widely distributed in the genus. A diverse panel of foods was assayed successfully by this methodology.