Microbes and membrane biology.

General principles of membrane function have been elucidated by the study of lactic acid bacteria. In this review, the operation and function of ion pumps, secondary transport systems and solute ATPases will be discussed. Despite their differences in kinetics and mechanisms between the transport systems, structural similarities can be recognized among these proteins irrespective of whether they originate from prokaryotes, lower or higher eukaryotes.     

Microbes and metals

Many base metals and a few precious metals as well as some metalloids can be enzymatically or non-enzymatically concentrated and dispersed by microbes in their environment. Some of these activities are commercially exploited or have a potential for it. This article summarizes these activities and the commercial or potentially commercial use of some of them. Received: 21 May 1997 / Received revision: 2 September 1997 / Accepted: 3 September 1997     

大豆异黄酮的微生物转化

大豆异黄酮是近年来发现的具有多种生物学活性的大豆营养成分。综述了微生物对大豆异黄酮的转化过程,对大豆异黄酮的生物利用和营养成分的影响,指出在富含大豆异黄酮类制品生产过程中合理利用微生物活动的重要意义和可能途径。     

Microbes and membrane biology

Abstract General principles of membrane function have been elucidated by the study of lactic acid bacteria. In this review, the operation and function of ion pumps, secondary transport systems and solute ATPases will be discussed. Despite their differences in kinetics and mechanisms between the transport systems, structural similarities can be recognized among these proteins irrespective of whether they originate from prokaryotes, lower or higher eukaryotes.     

Origins of mitochondria and hydrogenosomes.

Complete genome sequences for many mitochondria, as well as for some bacteria, together with the nuclear genome sequence of yeast have provided a coherent view of the origin of mitochondria. In particular, conventional phylogenetic reconstructions with genes coding for proteins active in energy metabolism and translation have confirmed the simplest version of the endosymbiosis hypothesis. In contrast, the hydrogen and the syntrophy hypotheses for the origin of mitochondria do not receive support from the available data. It remains to be seen how the evolution of hydrogenosomes is related to that of mitochondria.