发酵性丝孢酵母胞内脂肪酶与蛋白酶性质的研究

为了探讨发酵性丝孢酵母胞内脂肪酶和蛋白酶的潜在应用,通过超声波破碎细胞获得胞内酶,研究了温度、pH、金属离子、有机溶剂、表面活性剂、蔗糖、淀粉、酪蛋白对粗酶液的酶活力的影响.研究结果表明,两种酶的最适反应条件均为55 ℃、pH中性;5 mmol/L的金属离子Ca2+、Mn2+降低了脂肪酶活力,而提高了蛋白酶的活力;20％ (v/v)甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正己烷、甲苯对脂肪酶均具有激活作用,其中正己烷激活作用最大;而所试有机溶剂均严重抑制蛋白酶活力;0.01％(v/v) TritonX-100和蔗糖7.5％ (w/v)对脂肪酶和蛋白酶均具有激活作用,0.5％ (w/v)可溶性淀粉和1％ ～2.5％ (w/v)酪蛋白均能提高脂肪酶活力且降低蛋白酶活力.这些特性使发酵性丝孢酵母胞内脂肪酶和蛋白酶应用于洗涤剂具有可能性.     

发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporon fermentans)发酵产油脂的研究

通过摇瓶发酵,考察了碳源浓度、氮源种类和浓度对发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporonfermentans)发酵产油脂的影响,对发酵产油脂条件的初步优化结果为:在葡萄糖100 g/L、蛋白胨1.8 g/L、初始pH 7.0的培养基中,以10%的接种量,于33℃、190 r/min的摇床上发酵120 h,可得菌体生物量为18.2 g/L,干细胞的油脂含量为68.5%。     

发酵性丝孢酵母酯酶的稳定性研究

以发酵性丝孢酵母胞壁酯酶为研究对象,研究了其在不同理化条件下的稳定性。结果表明：0 ℃保存24 h,酯酶仍保持81.5%原酶活;在40 ℃完全失活;5 mmol/L K⁺、Mn²⁺和Fe²⁺提高酶活力6.9%以下,5 mmol/L Ca²⁺、Cu²⁺分别降低酶活力90.7%和73.3%;1%(质量分数,下同) Tween-40和TritonX-100保持77%以上原酶活,1% Tween-80提高酶活力23.3%,1%十二烷基磺酸钠（Sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS）和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 （Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB）完全抑制酶活;5%甘油、阿拉伯胶和糊精分别提高酶活力57%、29.6% 和2%,5%可溶性淀粉和牛血清蛋白（Albumin from bovine serum,BSA）分别降低酶活力20.4%和71.5%。发酵性丝孢酵母酯酶热稳定性差,宜10 ℃以下贮存,甘油对其保护作用良好,BSA强烈抑制该酶活性。该酯酶对处理含油脂废水和增强洗涤剂洗涤效果有潜在的应用价值。     

粗壮假丝酵母(Candida valida 20231)产脂肪酶发酵条件的研究

对粗壮假丝酵母(Candida valida 20231)产脂肪酶所需的培养基成分和发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明,粗壮假丝酵母在接种后3 h即进入对数期,18 h后转入稳定期,66 h后进入衰退期;发酵36 h达到最大酶活,至72 h仍然无明显下降趋势。最适合的培养基成分为:4.0%大豆粉,2.0%菜籽油,0.3%葡萄糖,0.3%NH_4NO_3,1.2%K_2HPO_4,0.42%NaH_2PO_4,0.4%MgSO_4·7H_2O。使用优化的培养基,最佳产酶的条件为:装液量80 mL(250 mL摇瓶),初始pH 6,接种量为2.0%,种子菌龄为12 h。在最佳产酶条件下,脂肪酶活力达到32.6 U/mL。     

丝孢酵母脂肪酶的酶学性质和化学修饰

实验室筛选到的一株丝孢酵母Trichosporon sp.脂肪酶经过硫酸铵沉淀和一系列的层析步骤分离纯化到电泳纯。对纯酶的酶学性质研究表明,此酶的分子量为28kD,pI为pH8.7,最适作用温度40℃,最适作用pH为8.0。随后利用不同的化学修饰剂对酶蛋白进行修饰,通过酶催化活力的改变对位于酶活性位的氨基酸残基进行分析,结果表明酶活性位可能含有组氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸(或天冬氨酸)。最后,对此酶的氨基酸成分进行了分析,结果表明,此酶分子中天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸含量高,两种碱性氨基酸精氨酸、赖氨酸及组氨酸的含量也比较高,而脯氨酸、色氨酸的含量相对较低。     

假丝酵母菌GXU08产脂肪酶发酵条件的优化

以假丝酵母菌GXU08产脂肪酶催化合成麝香类香料—环十五内酯目前已备受关注,在一定条件下,环十五内酯的转化率与脂肪酶的水解酶活有直接关系,酶活越高其催化合成环十五内酯的能力越强。通过单因素试验和正交试验,对假丝酵母菌GXU08产脂肪酶的发酵条件进行优化。结果表明:最佳发酵培养基配方为蔗糖0.5%,淀粉0.5%,蛋白胨1.5%,K_2HPO_40.05%,MgSO_40.15%,(NH_4)_2SO_41%,茶油1.5%,菜籽油1.5%,pH=8,此培养基在28℃,180 r/min的条件下发酵培养48h,脂肪酶水解活力达到27.53 U/mL,是初始发酵培养基条件下所得脂肪酶酶活的3.74倍;其环十五内酯的转化率为16.6%,是优化前的4倍。     

南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B基因在大肠杆菌中的表达和发酵优化

旨在利用大肠杆菌实现南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)基因的高效可溶性表达,并降低生产成本.构建带有不同信号肽的CALB基因表达质粒,转化至不同大肠杆菌宿主中,在摇瓶中进行基础培养基、诱导条件、培养基组成成分和进程曲线的优化.结果显示,带有PelB信号肽的重组菌pET25b-CALB-1/Rosetta(DE3)在20℃...     

中国丝孢酵母属的几个新种和新记录

作者从中国的北京、湖北等地的鸟粪,霉变柿子以及酒药中分离到了三株未描述的丝孢酵母菌。本文描述了这三个新种:板仓丝孢酵母(Trichosporon bancangense),北京丝孢酵母(Tr.beijingense)和中国丝孢酵母(Tr.sinense)并讨论了它们与属中近似种的差别。本文还发现了丝孢酵母属的4个新记录:皮刺丝孢酵母(Tr.aculeatum),埃利丝孢酵母(Tr.eriense),斐氏丝孢酵母(Tr.figueriae)和蜜二糖丝孢酵母(Tr.melibiosaceam)。     

假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺研究

对假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶的发酵工艺条件进行了一系列研究。选择了合适的培养基成分并进行优化 ,获得了最优的摇瓶培养基配方 (% ,W/V) :豆油 4.0 ,全脂豆粉 4.0 ,K₂HPO₄0.1,KH₂PO₄ 0.1。产酶水平能达到 5000IU/mL。在 30L发酵罐上进行初步放大实验 ,其产酶水平能达到 8100IU/mL。在1m³发酵罐上进行中试放大 ,产酶水平可达到 8000IU/mL。     

假丝酵母E-2产生物表面活性剂摇瓶发酵条件的优化

从扬子石化的废水淤泥中筛选到1株能发酵液体石蜡产脂肽类生物表面活性剂的假丝酵母Candida E-2.通过单因子实验和正交试验,得到了最佳发酵培养基组成(g/L):牛肉膏3.0,蔗糖2.0,酵母膏0.25,KH2PO4 12.5,MgSO4 0.3,NaCl 1.5,CaCl,0.05,尿素0.5 5;液体石蜡10％(体积分数).最佳培养条件:初始pH7.0,接种量0.12g/L,装液量为200mL三角瓶30mL,培养时间为5 d.最终产量提高了2.7倍,达1.582g/L.     

Enzymatic synthesis of terpenyl esters by transesterification with fatty acid vinyl esters as acyl donors by Trichosporon fermentans lipase

Enzymatic synthesis of terpenyl esters by esterification or transesterification with fatty acid vinyl esters as acyl donors by celite-adsorbed lipase of Trichosporon fermentans was investigated. In direct esterification of geraniol, the lipase showed high reactivity toward fatty acids with carbon chains longer than C-8, but little reactivity toward fatty acids with shorter chains. With fatty acid vinyl esters as acyl donors, the lipase catalysed the synthesis of geranyl and citronellyl esters with carbon chains shorter than C-6 in with yields of >90% molar conversion. Time course, effects of added water, temperature and substrate concentration were studied for the synthesis of geranyl acetate. Molar conversion yield reached 97.5% after 5 h incubation at 30–40°C with the addition of 3% water. In this reaction, no inhibition by substrates such as geraniol and vinyl acetate was observed.     

利用转座标签mTn-lacZ/leu2插入突变发酵性丝孢酵母2.1368-Leu?筛选高效产油突变株

为提高微生物油脂产率,降低其生产成本,以转座标签mTn-lacZ/leu2插入突变发酵性丝孢酵母2.1368-Leu?筛选高效产油突变株。利用LacZ显色反应、脂肪酸合成酶抑制剂Cerulenin和磷酸香草醛反应,最终在玉米秸秆糖化液中筛选出一株高效产油突变株2.1368-Leu?-7。结果表明其油脂含量为38.30％,比对照的29.33％高了8.97％,而其产油率为8.35％,比对照的6.92％提高了20.63％;在玉米秸秆糖化液中的糖利用率为77％,每100 g玉米秸秆可转化油脂8.32 g。可为未来生物柴油产业提供了廉价原料。     

载有磷酸甘油激酶基因启动子的新表达载体的构建以及在发酵性丝孢酵母中启动外源基因的表达研究

利用简并PCR技术从一株丝孢酵母(Trichosporon sp.)中克隆到磷酸甘油激酶基因的部分序列,然后利用染色体步移的方法克隆到了已知片段的上游序列约950bp。通过启动子序列分析软件分析,发现序列中含有启动子所需的必须元件如TATA BOX和CAAT BOX等,因此确定克隆到的基因片段含有启动子序列。将潮霉素基因置于该启动子下构建了丝孢酵母整合型表达载体pTFPH,并转化发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporon fermentans),转化后的酵母能够在含有潮霉素的抗性选择性平板长出,而未进行转化的对照菌株则不能生长。以上试验证明:丝孢酵母的磷酸甘油激酶基因启动子具有启动异源基因在发酵性丝孢酵母中表达的功能,这个结果为油脂酵母工程菌的构建和开发新的酵母表达宿主奠定了基础。     

Efficient lipid production with Trichosporon fermentans and its use for biodiesel preparation

Effects of medium components and culture conditions on biomass and lipid production of Trichosporon fermentans were studied. The optimal nitrogen source, carbon source and C/N molar ratio were peptone, glucose and 163, respectively. The favorable initial pH of the medium and temperature were 6.5 and 25 degrees C. Under the optimized conditions, a biomass of 28.1 g/l and a lipid content of 62.4% could be achieved after culture for 7 days, which were much higher than the original values (19.4 g/l and 50.8%) and the results reported by other groups. T. fermentans could grow well in pretreated waste molasses and a lipid yield of 12.8 g/l could be achieved with waste molasses of 15% total sugar concentration (w/v) at pH 6.0, representing the best result with oleaginous microorganisms on agro-industrial residues. Addition of various sugars to the pretreated molasses could efficiently enhance the accumulation of lipid and the lipid content reached as high as above 50%. Similar to vegetable oils, the lipid mainly contains palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid and the unsaturated fatty acids amount to about 64% of the total fatty acids. The microbial oil with an acid value of 5.6 mg KOH/g was transesterified to biodiesel by base catalysis after removal of free fatty acids and a high methyl ester yield of 92% was obtained.     

Purification and Characterization of a (R)-1-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol-producing Enzyme from Trichosporon fermentans AJ-5152 and Enzymatic (R)-1-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol Production

An (R)-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol-producing enzyme was purified from Trichosporon fermentans AJ-5152. It was NADPH-dependent and converted 3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropane-1-one (HPPO) to (R)-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediol [(R)-PPD] with anti-Prelog’s specificity. It showed maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 40 °C. Its K _m and V _max values toward HPPO were 20.1 mM and 3.4 μmol min^?1 mg protein^?1 respectively. The relative molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 68,000 on gel filtration and 32,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. An (R)-PPD-producing reaction using the (R)-PPD-producing enzyme and an NADPH recycling system was carried out by successive feeding of HPPO. A total (R)-PPD yield of 8.9 g/l was produced in 16 h. The molar yield was 76%, and the optical purity of the (R)-PPD produced was over 99% e.e.     

Rapid protein release from Escherichia coli by chemical permeabilization under fermentation conditions

Overall protein release greater than 75% in less than 1 h can be attained by exposing exponentially growing Escherichia coli cells to 0.4 M guanidine plus 0.5% Triton X-100 at 37 degrees C in medium. Cell growth stops immediately upon addition of the chemicals, but the cells are not lysed. Guanidine concentrations lower than 0.2 M, in conjunction with 0.5% Triton X-100, do not release significant intracellular protein, nor do they inhibit cell growth. Under these conditions, the cells undergo an adaptation that confers resistance to protein release by further treatment with guanidine and Triton X-100. Cells treated with 0.2 M guanidine plus 0.5% Triton X-100 display intermediate behavior. Protein release is approximately 35%, and growth is temporarily interrupted by an extended lag phase. Subsequent resumption of cell growth results in resistant cells and no additional protein release. This resistance is shown to be reversible and is most likely due to physiological adaptation rather than genetic mutation.     

产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基优化研究

【目的】研究产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基。【方法】在单因素试验的基础上, 采用Plackett-Burman (P-B)设计, Box-Behnken (B-B)设计和响应面试验设计(RSM), 在20 °C、pH 8.0、160?r/min发酵2 d条件下, 对发酵培养基进行优化。【结果】该菌株最适产酶培养基为(g/L): 葡萄糖7.68, 橄榄油21.93, 硫酸铵2.0, 磷酸二氢钾1.0, 硫酸镁0.27, 氯化钙0.3, 氯化钠20.0, 吐温-80 1.0。其最高酶活为62.8 U/mL, 比优化前提高了3.14倍。【结论】通过对产低温脂肪酶菌株CZW001发酵培养基优化研究, 明显提高低温脂肪酶活力。     

产脂肪酶菌株C7828-5的筛选、鉴定以及产酶条件的优化

以花生油为唯一碳源,从海口市各地被油脂污染土样中分离筛选出1株中温碱性脂肪酶菌株C7828-5。形态学、生理生化特征和分子生物学鉴定结果表明,该菌株为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。该菌所产脂肪酶的最适温度为37℃,最适pH为8.0。优化了菌株的产酶条件,最适产酶培养基(g/L)为:蔗糖5、牛肉膏20、(NH_4)_2SO_41、MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5、CaCl_20.5,聚乙烯醇花生油乳化液120 mL,发酵72 h,获得高达8.08 U/mL的脂肪酶表达量。