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1.
人类肠道中有500余种细菌,参与消化、代谢和免疫等生理活动。肠道菌群因其数量庞大、作用显著,被称为人体的\"第二基因\"。随着研究的不断深入,发现肠道菌群与多种疾病如心脑血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖、胃肠炎甚至肿瘤的发生息息相关。恶性肿瘤作为一种病死率极高的疾病,近年来与其相关的研究也越来越丰富。研究者们发现,肠道菌群在肺癌、黑色素瘤、消化道肿瘤和血液系统肿瘤等的发生、发展及治疗中发挥着重要的作用,已成为近年来的研究热点。因此,本文对肠道菌群与各类肿瘤的关系研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

2.
人体代谢是人为了适应环境变化通过自身与微生物基因组共调节产生的所有复杂化学反应的总称。无论疾病与否,规模宏大而复杂的细菌库——肠道菌群都直接参与人体多种代谢过程。肠道菌群在人体内形成了错综复杂的微生态系统,与人类共同变化应对外界因素,人体代谢平衡状况与肠道菌群的结构组成变化密不可分。研究肠道菌群与人体代谢的相关性,对于人类健康有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
肠道菌群调节宿主对化疗药物的反应主要表现在促进药物疗效和减轻毒性反应,即可以通过靶向肠道菌群的方式提高化疗效果和降低化疗毒性。因此,肠道菌群对于临床个体化肿瘤治疗策略的发展至关重要。基于大量的临床、动物和体外研究的结果,发现肠道菌群不但与化疗的药理作用密切相关,还与肿瘤靶向免疫治疗密切相关。本文概述了药物微生物学在肿瘤化疗与免疫治疗中的意义,并总结了在临床实践中通过改善微生物群来提高疗效和减少毒性反应的措施,以期为制定合理的临床用药方案提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

4.
Mackowiakf指出研究动物正常菌群主要有三个方面的意义。1、无菌动物与正常动物相比较;2、用抗菌剂抑制了正常菌群的动物与未干扰其正常菌群的动物相比较;3、特种疾病(例如结肠癌患者)的正常菌群中的特殊细菌种属的优势状况与无该病对照者的流行病学的比较。通过这些对比性研究以了解正常菌群在其栖居的机体生活中的作用及影响。通过对比性研究,正常菌群对栖居动物的影响至少有下列几个方面。 1、正常菌群在动物机体的内外表面上栖居,由  相似文献   

5.
陈小珊  王丽蕊 《微生物学通报》2023,50(11):5124-5136
肠道干细胞(intestinal stem cells, ISCs)是肠道各类上皮细胞的来源,通过平衡增殖与分化维持肠道稳态。同时,肠道菌群及其代谢物在维持宿主肠道稳态中也发挥着重要作用。随着技术的发展,研究者认识到ISCs与肠道菌群之间存在相互作用。研究表明,ISCs对上皮细胞亚型的调控影响肠道菌群的组成,并且肠道菌群及其代谢物也影响ISCs介导的上皮发育。本文阐述了ISCs分化对肠道菌群的影响,重点总结了肠道菌群及其代谢物调控ISCs增殖分化的研究进展,从菌群调控ISCs的角度探讨肠道损伤的治疗思路,并对未来可能的研究方向进行讨论。  相似文献   

6.
人体肠道内含有大量的微生物,直接参与了机体的各种代谢活动,与人体健康密切相关。研究显示肠道菌群的构成和稳定受到诸多宿主和环境因素的影响,其中饮食因素起着至关重要的作用。特别是西方高脂饮食方式造成肠道菌群结构改变,从而导致一些慢性、非传染性和免疫相关性疾病的发生。在过去的几十年中,肠道菌群在人体健康中的作用越来越受到关注。不同饮食结构可以对肠道菌群的组成和多样性产生重要的影响。在这篇综述中,我们总结了肠道微生物与人体健康之间的关系以及益生菌在饮食中的作用,为指导和建立健康饮食结构提供理论指导,为相应疾病的防治提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
蛋氨酸脑啡肽(Methionine enkephalin,MENK)是一种内源性阿片肽,有良好的抗肿瘤作用,而肠道菌群对MENK抗肿瘤作用的影响尚不清楚.本研究建立小鼠肠道菌群紊乱模型及荷瘤小鼠模型,以16s rRNA测序法检测肠道菌群丰度、监测小鼠体重、绘制肿瘤生长曲线,以流式细胞术检测小鼠肿瘤浸润CD4+T细胞、C...  相似文献   

8.

肠道菌群在人体物质代谢中起着关键作用,通过复杂的相互作用网络来调节和稳定与宿主之间的共生关系,并且能够影响重大疾病的诊断和治疗。肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment,TME)是肿瘤细胞在生长、增殖、转移和凋亡过程中所在的一个微观内环境,研究发现TME对肿瘤的发生发展起着至关重要的作用,参与肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移和免疫逃逸等多个环节。肠道菌群和TME被认为是调节肿瘤疾病进程的关键因素。因此,本文分析了肠道菌群对TME的调节以及两者作用对肿瘤的影响和作用机制,简要总结肠道菌群通过调节TME从而影响肿瘤的发生、发展和免疫治疗,以期为临床提供更优的治疗选择。

  相似文献   

9.
目的 通过文献检索的方式找出在乳腺癌患者的肠道或肿瘤组织中富集且与乳腺癌的发生发展密切相关的菌群。方法采用自由词与主题词检索相结合的方式,根据设定的纳入标准、排除标准,从PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台和维普数据库中检索。检索时间从各数据库建库至2022年3月。依次通过浏览标题、摘要和全文进行文献筛选。结果 共检索出文献1 110篇,纳入30篇,其中16篇文献描述乳腺癌患者乳腺肿瘤组织相对富集菌群,14篇文献描述乳腺癌患者肠道相对富集菌群。与对照组相比较,乳腺癌患者肠道及肿瘤组织中共同富集的菌群有Bacteroides、Lactobacillus和Escherichia coli。结论 乳腺癌患者肠道及肿瘤组织中富集的多种菌群与乳腺癌的发生发展密切相关,肠道及乳腺癌组织中共同富集的Bacteroides、Lactobacillus和Escherichia coli可能与乳腺癌关系最密切,值得深入研究。  相似文献   

10.
人体肠道作为一个多元化的微生态系统,其中共生着100多万亿个微生物菌群,约有1 000多种,是人体细胞的10倍。肠道微生物固有的微生物基因有300多万个,是人体基因的100多倍,这些微生物基因帮助人体微生物适应多变的环境,与人类相互作用,对人类健康产生了巨大影响,其中有积极的作用,同时又伴随着潜在的威胁。总结了肠道微生物菌群与消化道肿瘤的关系,从肠道菌群的多样性、影响因素及其作用机制展开综述,以期为开展肠道微生物的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
肠道菌群是一个与人体共生的复杂微生物区系,近年来被越来越多的研究者所关注。研究发现,肠道菌群不仅在维持人体正常生理功能中起到重要作用,在肿瘤发生、发展、诊断及治疗中也有不可忽视的作用。本文在对肠道菌群与肿瘤关系进行概述的基础上,重点介绍了肠道菌群促进肿瘤发生、发展的主要机制,以及肠道菌群对抗肿瘤免疫治疗尤其是免疫检查点抑制疗法的影响。此外,文中还总结了目前可行的调节肠道菌群以提高肿瘤治疗疗效的方法,并提出了其中可能存在的困难和挑战。  相似文献   

12.
人体微生态是人体内的微生物生态群落,是存在于人体组织和体液中的共生和病原微生物的总和,也是近年来发现的\"新器官\",它在维持人体健康过程中扮演着重要角色。微生态与宿主间有着全面广泛的相互作用机制,微生态失衡与疾病的发生发展密切相关。本文概述了人体微生态与健康和疾病研究的重要意义,并对国内外研究进展作总结评述。  相似文献   

13.
Green tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Its beneficial health effects and components have been extensively reviewed. However, little is known about the influence of green tea consumption on the human intestinal microbiota (HIM), which plays a crucial role in human health. Ten volunteers who did not usually consume green tea, drank it for 10 days and then stopped drinking it for 7 days. Their fecal samples were collected at three time points: before beginning the 10‐day green‐tea regime, at the conclusion of that 10 days, and 7 days after stopping the regime. Their fecal samples were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism with specific primer‐restriction enzyme systems for HIM and by using a real‐time PCR method for the Bifidobacterium species. Although the HIM of each subject was relatively stable, the proportion of Bifidobacterium species played an important role in the classification of their fecal microbiota. Although there were inter‐individual differences in the Bifidobacterium species, an overall tendency for the proportion of bifidobacteria to increase because of green tea consumption was noted. However, little change was observed in the composition of Bifidobacterium species in each sample. This suggests that the change in proportion was induced, not by an inter‐species transition, but by an intra‐species increase and/or decrease. In conclusion, green tea consumption might act as a prebiotic and improve the colon environment by increasing the proportion of the Bifidobacterium species.  相似文献   

14.
姚志超  白帅  张宏宇 《微生物学报》2018,58(6):1036-1048
在长期的进化过程中,昆虫形成了独特的肠道防御系统,主要由物理屏障和免疫系统共同作用来抵御外来微生物的入侵。如大部分后生动物一样,昆虫肠道上皮细胞无时无刻不与微生物接触,其种类从有益的共生菌、随食物进入的微生物到影响宿主生命的病原菌。在这样一种复杂的环境中,为了实现防御肠道病原微生物的同时又能维持共生微生物稳定的目的,宿主肠道上皮细胞必须在免疫应激和免疫耐受之间保持一种稳态平衡。Duox-ROS免疫系统和免疫缺陷(immune deficiency,Imd)信号通路作为肠道免疫反应的基本途径,必然参与调节此过程。本文从昆虫肠道防御组成、肠道免疫信号通路作用分子机制以及肠道免疫系统在肠道微生物群落稳态维持中的作用的最新研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

15.
赵璐  花蕾  白芃  刘静  张勇  郭敏  李钊  刘威 《微生物学通报》2020,47(6):1867-1875
【背景】高盐饮食目前引起普遍关注,肠道微生物与盐胁迫的相互作用正成为研究热点之一。【目的】以黑腹果蝇为宿主模型,探讨肠道微生物对果蝇盐胁迫反应的影响与潜在机理。【方法】利用平板计数法和定量PCR法检测果蝇肠道载菌量;利用存活率和运动能力测定装置测定果蝇适合度;用化学试剂和抗生素处理建立无菌果蝇,测定肠道菌对果蝇盐胁迫反应的影响;利用亮蓝食用色素染料渗透性实验检测果蝇肠道屏障的完整性;应用实时定量PCR检测先天免疫系统的活性。【结果】高盐处理引起果蝇肠道菌群失调,导致其肠道载菌量显著增加。此外,高盐饮食(high salt diet,HSD)降低了黑腹果蝇成虫的存活率和运动能力。经0.75 mol/L NaCl处理,雌性GF (germ-free)果蝇存活率比对照组升高了11%,同时混合抗生素有效地提高了高盐处理后果蝇的存活率。肠道微生物加剧了肠道屏障功能损伤,雌性GF果蝇出现染料渗透性实验现象的百分率比对照组降低了8%。在分子水平上,盐胁迫下雌性GF果蝇体内Attacin-C、Duox基因表达水平分别是CR(conventionally reared)果蝇的2.5倍和1.7倍。【结论】肠道微生物加重果蝇盐胁迫反应,引发高盐诱导的肠屏障功能紊乱,并且抑制高盐诱导的先天免疫活性。  相似文献   

16.
    
This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplemental camphor on the performance and immune functions of Japanese quail by feeding graded levels (0 (control), 250, 500, 750, 1000, 5000 or 10 000 ppm) of camphor during a 42-day feeding trial. In all, 280 1-day-old quail chicks were randomly assigned into 28 cages of 10 chicks each with separate feeders. The results clearly demonstrated that camphor did not have a significant effect on BW, BW gain, total experimental average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, internal organ relative weights and biochemical parameters such as uric acid, albumin, total protein and triglyceride; however, plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly different in a linear manner, in which 500 ppm of camphor resulted in a lower level of cholesterol. Alternatively, greater concentrations of glucose and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were also found in 5000 and 1000 ppm of camphor groups, respectively. Cellular responses to the phytohaemagglutinin-P and 2,4-dinitro 1-chlorobenzene skin test were not influenced by dietary camphor. Humoral responses to secondary sheep red blood cells, avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) immunisations were positively influenced by camphor supplementation, in which greater secondary response to sheep erythrocytes belonged to 750 and 1000 ppm of camphor groups; whereas, diet supplementation with camphor had no significant effect on lymphoid organ weights and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. The greatest AIV antibody titers were seen in groups, which received 1000 and 5000 ppm of camphor (P<0.05) and the values of NDV antibody titers increased with an increase in the camphor consumption. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of 500 ppm of camphor positively decreased coliform populations in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, an increase in lactic acid bacteria was also observed in quails, which were fed on the diets containing 750 ppm camphor. Collectively, these data suggest that as a phytogenic feed additive, camphor may effectively act as a modulator of health status (by increasing glucose and HDL), GIT microbiota and immunological responses of the Japanese quail.  相似文献   

17.
Cultivable bacterial diversity from the human colon   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Knowledge of the composition of the colonic microbiota is important for our understanding of how the balance of these microbes is influenced by diet and the environment, and which bacterial groups are important in maintaining gut health or promoting disease. Molecular methodologies have advanced our understanding of the composition and diversity of the colonic microbiota. Importantly, however, it is the continued isolation of bacterial representatives of key groups that offers the best opportunity to conduct detailed metabolic and functional studies. This also permits bacterial genome sequencing which will accelerate the linkage to functionality. Obtaining new human colonic bacterial isolates can be challenging, because most of these are strict anaerobes and many have rather exact nutritional and physical requirements. Despite this many new species are being isolated and described that occupy distinct niches in the colonic microbial community. This review focuses on these under-studied yet important gut anaerobes.  相似文献   

18.
    
Probiotic administration can be a nutritional strategy to improve the immune response and growth performance of fish. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of a probiotic blend (Bacillus sp., Pediococcus sp., Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp.) as a dietary supplement on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immune and oxidative stress responses and intestinal morphology in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The probiotic was incorporated into a basal diet at three concentrations: 0 g/kg (A0: control), 3 g/kg (A1: 1.0×106 colony forming unit (CFU)/g) and 6 g/kg (A2: 2.3×106 CFU/g diet). After 8 weeks of probiotic feeding, weight and specific growth rate where significantly higher in fish-fed A1 diet than in fish-fed A0. Alternative complement in plasma was significantly enhanced in fish-fed A2 when compared with A0. The hepatic antioxidant indicators were not affected by probiotic supplementation. Villi height and goblet cell counts increased significantly in the intestine of fish-fed A1 and A2 diets compared with A0. The dietary probiotic supplementation was maintained until 20 weeks of feeding. Then the selected immune parameters, digestive enzymes and apparent digestibility of diets were studied. No effect of probiotic feeding was observed after that longer period supplementation. The dietary supplementation of mixed species probiotic may constitute a valuable nutritional approach towards a sustainable tilapia aquaculture. The improvement of the immune responses and intestinal morphology play an important role in increasing growth performance, nutrient absorption and disease resistance in fish, important outcomes in such a competitive and developing aquaculture sector.  相似文献   

19.
    
Recent studies indicate that early postnatal period is a critical window for gut microbiota manipulation to optimise the immunity and body growth. This study investigated the effects of maternal faecal microbiota orally administered to neonatal piglets after birth on growth performance, selected microbial populations, intestinal permeability and the development of intestinal mucosal immune system. In total, 12 litters of crossbred newborn piglets were selected in this study. Litter size was standardised to 10 piglets. On day 1, 10 piglets in each litter were randomly allotted to the faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and control groups. Piglets in the FMT group were orally administrated with 2ml faecal suspension of their nursing sow per day from the age of 1 to 3 days; piglets in the control group were treated with the same dose of a placebo (0.1M potassium phosphate buffer containing 10% glycerol (vol/vol)) inoculant. The experiment lasted 21 days. On days 7, 14 and 21, plasma and faecal samples were collected for the analysis of growth-related hormones and cytokines in plasma and lipocalin-2, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), selected microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in faeces. Faecal microbiota transplantation increased the average daily gain of piglets during week 3 and the whole experiment period. Compared with the control group, the FMT group had increased concentrations of plasma growth hormone and IGF-1 on days 14 and 21. Faecal microbiota transplantation also reduced the incidence of diarrhoea during weeks 1 and 3 and plasma concentrations of zonulin, endotoxin and diamine oxidase activities in piglets on days 7 and 14. The populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and the concentrations of faecal and plasma acetate, butyrate and total SCFAs in FMT group were higher than those in the control group on day 21. Moreover, the FMT piglets have higher concentrations of plasma transforming growth factor-β and immunoglobulin G, and faecal sIgA than the control piglets on day 21. These findings indicate that early intervention with maternal faecal microbiota improves growth performance, decreases intestinal permeability, stimulates sIgA secretion, and modulates gut microbiota composition and metabolism in suckling piglets.  相似文献   

20.
Human body harbors diverse microbes, the main components include bacteria, eukaryotes and viruses. Emerging evidences show that the human microbiota is intrinsically linked with overall health. The development of next-generation sequencing provides an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the complex microbial communities that are associated with the human body. Many factors like host genetics and environmental factors have a major impact on the composition and dynamic changes of human microbiota. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the relationship between human health and human microbiota (skin, nasal, throat, oral, vaginal and gut microbiota), then to focus on the factors modulating the composition of the microbiota and the future challenges to manipulate the microbiota for personalized health.  相似文献   

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