链霉菌基因转移的方法

本文介绍了用于链霉菌基因转移的各种方法,涉及原生质体转化,电穿孔,接合转移和噬菌体转导,对影响链霉菌基因转移的各种因素进行了分析。     

委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种属间接合转移系统的构建及透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达

【目的】构建委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种属间接合转移系统及透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达。【方法】以链霉菌广泛使用的整合型质粒pSET152和复制型pHZ1358为出发质粒,通过供体大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)ET12567(pUZ8002)进行属间接合转移委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种。【结果】确定了该变种的最佳接合转移条件;通过SOE-PCR(Splicing by overlap extension PCR)技术构建含PermE和vhb结构基因融合片段的整合型表达载体pJD100,转化ET12567(pUZ8002)后属间接合转移委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种。通过PCR和CO结合差光谱验证了vhb基因在委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种中的整合表达。【结论】本文首次探索了委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种接合转移系统,确定了委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种的最佳接合转移条件,并采用基因工程手段使vhb基因在委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种中获得表达。     

金色链霉菌J13基因敲除体系的构建

目的:建立金色链霉菌基因敲除体系,敲除金色链霉菌J13中的ctcF基因,研究工程菌的代谢变化.方法:采用基因置换和框内缺失技术,对ctcF基因进行敲除.结果:利用接合转移的方法,将质粒pFD109导入到金色链霉菌J13中,经抗性筛选及PCR验证获得ctcF基因置换菌株金色链霉菌A1 - 20;将质粒pFD111经接合转移导入到A1 -20中,获得ctcF基因框内缺失菌株金色链霉菌K2-46;以上工程菌的发酵组分经HPLC分析,发现金霉素发酵单位显著降低.结论:获得的接合子发生双交换的概率可达18％以上,建立及验证了金色链霉菌基因敲除体系的实用性和可操作性,并初步推测ctcF为金霉素生物合成中的调控基因.     

大肠杆菌-链霉菌穿梭表达载体pMF的构建及其应用

【目的】构建能定点整合到链霉菌(Streptomyces)染色体上的高效表达载体。【方法】以链霉菌自杀型表达载体pLSB2为基础,通过插入链霉菌噬菌体ΦC31整合酶基因int和attP位点(Phage attachment site),构建了能在大肠杆菌和链霉菌之间进行接合转移并定点整合到链霉菌染色体上的表达载体pMF。将pMF转化大肠杆菌ET12567(pUZ8002),并分别接合转移天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolorM145)、变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividansTK24)和红色糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora erythraea2338),挑取接合子进行PCR和Southern杂交检测。将来自刺糖多孢菌S08-4的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因(SAM-s)克隆到载体pMF的启动子下游,接合转移到天蓝色链霉菌中。【结果】表明pMF成功整入链霉菌染色体,并且检测到目的蛋白的表达。【结论】构建的pMF载体可作为外源基因定点整合表达的有效工具,为后续的基因功能研究以及链霉菌的遗传改造奠定了基础。     

大肠杆菌-链霉菌高效接合载体的构建及其应用

以链霉菌质粒SCP2^*的衍生质粒pHJL400为基础,构建了能够在大肠杆菌到链霉菌之间进行高效接合转移的质粒DGH112。pGH112含有在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中复制起始位点,以及分别在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中进行筛选的抗性标记。用pGH112转化Escherichia coli ET12567(pUZ8002)后,与天蓝链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2))、除虫链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)、变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividans TK54)、毒三素链霉菌(Streptomyces toxytricini NRRL15443)、委内瑞拉链霉菌(Streptomyces．vertezuelae ISP5230)和红色糖多孢菌(Saccharopolypora erythraea)进行接合,发现本构建的pGH112与pKC1139相比,接合转移效率较高,稳定性好,而且宿主范围较广。把组成型启动子ermE^*与绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)克隆到本构建的pGH112,通过接合转移到链霉菌中,gfp获得表达,证明其可以用作基因接合转移的有效工具载体,这为研究链霉菌的基因功能创造了有利条件。     

黑暗链霉菌DNA转移系统的建立

研究了黑暗链霉菌的基因转移系统,探索了通过PEG介导的原生质体转化、接合转移向黑暗链霉菌中转入外源DNA的可能性。多次尝试用质粒pIJ702转化黑暗链霉菌9904原生质体均未成功。对原生质体进行“热处理”后转化、利用单链DNA转化等都不能将质粒导入黑暗链霉菌中,表明黑暗链霉菌对外源DNA有很强的限制修饰作用。利用接合转移将具有oriT的大肠杆菌链霉菌穿梭质粒pHZ132转入大肠杆菌ET12567(pUZ8002)中,获得供体菌ET12567(pUZ8002,pHZ132)。将供体菌与预萌发的黑暗链霉菌9904的孢子进行接合转移,成功地将pHZ132转入黑暗链霉菌9904中。质粒pHZ132经黑暗链霉菌自身修饰后也可转入黑暗链霉菌9904菌株的原生质体中,转化率约为103/μg DNA(pHZ132)。     

链霉菌小质粒pDYM4.3k的复制与接合转移

【目的】链霉菌(Streptomyces)X335是从西藏高原活拉山口分离到的,其中含有一个大小为4.3 kb的环型质粒pDYM4.3k。克隆、测序和分析pDYM4.3k,以及鉴定复制和接合转移的基因。【方法】通过克隆和引物延伸获得pDYM4.3k的全序列,利用比对分析推测基因的功能,通过Southern杂交检测复制中间体,利用平板杂交实验证明接合转移功能。【结果】克隆和测序获得了全长为4346 bp的pDYM4.3k序列,预测仅有3个基因,其中1个基因与链霉菌主要接合转移基因同源,另外2个为功能未知。鉴定新的基因orf1及其上游的约300 bp构成了质粒的基本复制区域。检测到质粒存在单链的复制中间体,表明它以滚环方式进行复制。实验证明pDYM4.3k在变铅青链霉菌(Streptomyces lividans)中具有接合转移功能。【结论】质粒pDYM4.3k可以滚环方式进行复制和在链霉菌之间进行接合转移。这是目前报道的最小的、具有游离复制和接合转移功能的链霉菌质粒。     

阿扎霉素F产生菌链霉菌211726基因转移系统的建立

旨在建立阿扎霉素F产生菌链霉菌211726的基因转移系统,以便基因敲除和外源基因表达等遗传操作。以整合型质粒pSET152和pIB139为出发质粒,通过接合转移构建了阿扎霉素F产生菌链霉菌211726的基因转移系统。结果显示25μg/mL阿泊拉霉素可有效筛选接合子。经PCR验证,质粒成功整合到菌株链霉菌211726基因组中,接合子经多次传代后,导入的质粒pSET152和pIB139仍稳定整合于接合子基因组上。     

大肠杆菌-链霉菌高效接合载体的构建及其应用

以链霉菌质粒SCP2 的衍生质粒pHJL400为基础 ,构建了能够在大肠杆菌到链霉菌之间进行高效接合转移的质粒pGH112。pGH112含有在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中复制起始位点 ,以及分别在大肠杆菌和链霉菌中进行筛选的抗性标记。用pGH112转化EscherichiacoliET12567(pUZ8002 )后 ,与天蓝链霉菌 (StreptomycescoelicolorA3(2 ) )、除虫链霉菌 (Streptomycesavermitilis)、变铅青链霉菌 (StreptomyceslividansTK54 )、毒三素链霉菌 (StreptomycestoxytriciniNRRL15443)、委内瑞拉链霉菌 (Streptomyces.venezuelaeISP5230 )和红色糖多孢菌 (Saccharopolyporaerythraea)进行接合 ,发现本文构建的pGH112与pKC1139相比 ,接合转移效率较高 ,稳定性好 ,而且宿主范围较广。把组成型启动子ermE 与绿色荧光蛋白基因 (gfp)克隆到本文构建的pGH112 ,通过接合转移到链霉菌中 ,gfp获得表达,证明其可以用作基因接合转移的有效工具载体,这为研究链霉菌的基因功能创造了有利条件上。     

斑贝链霉菌接合转移系统的构建及透明颤菌血红蛋白基因的表达对其次级代谢的影响

以pSET152和pHZ1358为出发质粒,通过供体大肠杆菌ET12567(pUZ8002)和S17-1接合转移斑贝链霉菌(Streptomycesbambergiensis),构建和优化了接合转移体系。采用OOE-PCR技术构建含ermEp*与vhb结构基因融合片段的整合型表达载体pBIB2005,转化ET12567(pUZ8002)后,属间接合转移至斑贝链霉菌。通过PCR、CO结合差光谱验证vhb基因在斑贝链霉菌中整合表达。摇瓶发酵显示VHb蛋白能改善菌体对氧的需求,一定程度上促进细胞生长,提高抗生素产量。     

Directed transfer of large DNA fragments between Streptomyces species

The biosynthesis of complex natural products in bacteria is invariably encoded within large gene clusters. Although this facilitates the cloning of such gene clusters, their heterologous expression in genetically amenable hosts remains a challenging problem, principally due to the difficulties associated with manipulating large DNA fragments. Here we describe a new method for the directed transfer of a gene cluster from one Streptomyces species to another. The method takes advantage of tra gene-mediated conjugal transfer of chromosomal DNA between actinomycetes. As proof of principle, we demonstrate transfer of the entire approximately 22-kb actinorhodin gene cluster, and also the high-frequency cotransfer of two loci that are 150 to 200 kb apart, from Streptomyces coelicolor to an engineered derivative of Streptomyces lividans.     

A thiostrepton-inducible expression vector for use in Streptomyces spp

A shuttle expression vector containing the thiostrepton-inducible Streptomyces lividans promoter, ptipA, and the origin of transfer from plasmid RP4 was constructed. Cassettes containing a promoterless xylE gene upstream from a hyg gene were used to demonstrate thiostrepton-inducible expression from ptipA in both S. lividans and Streptomyces ambofaciens, ptipA was estimated to be induced 60-fold or more in Streptomyces ambofaciens.     

Cloning and expression of a Streptomyces fradiae neomycin resistance gene in Escherichia coli

A Streptomyces fradiae DNA sequence, which codes for a neomycin phosphotransferase, has been subcloned from the Streptomyces recombinant plasmid pIJ2 [a chimera between the Streptomyces plasmid SLP1.2 and chromosomal DNA containing a neomycin (Nm) resistance gene] into the BamHI restriction enzyme site of pHV14. Three different recombinant plasmids (pWHR1, pWHR2, pWHR3) have been isolated which transform Escherichia coli to Nm resistance. Southern transfer hybridization experiments show that the recombinant plasmids contain the cloned Streptomyces Nm resistance gene, and lysates of E. coli containing the recombinant plasmids were shown to have Nm phosphotransferase activity, demonstrating that a gene from Streptomyces can be expressed in E. coli.     

Fostriecin产生菌Streptomyces pulveraceus遗传转化体系的建立与优化

【目的】建立并优化链霉菌Fostriecin产生菌Streptomyces pulveraceus的遗传转化系统。【方法】以整合型质粒pSET152为出发质粒,通过供体菌E.coli ET12567/pUZ8002与受体菌Streptomyces pulveraceus进行接合转移。【结果】确定了链霉菌Streptomyces pulveraceus的最佳接合转移条件:培养基为终浓度含15%甘氨酸的MS培养基;孢子热激条件为50°C 10 min;阿伯拉霉素覆盖的时间为18 h,终浓度为20 mg/L。同时,把组成型启动子ermE+与绿色荧光蛋白基因(gfp)克隆到pSET152载体上,通过接合转移整合到该链霉菌中,gfp获得表达。【结论】建立Fostriecin产生菌的遗传转化系统,并发现甘氨酸能显著提高链霉菌的接合转移效率。     

Evidence for transfer of antibiotic-resistance genes in soil populations of streptomycetes

Phylogenetic analysis was used to evaluate the hypothesis of gene transfer in streptomycetes, many of which are antibiotic producers. The diversity and possible origins of streptomycin-resistance genes was investigated for a population of Streptomyces strains isolated from a site in Brazil where antibiotic production had previously been implicated. The analysis provides compelling evidence for the transfer of these genes. Examination of other Streptomyces -type strains also reveals a scattered distribution of streptomycin producers with respect to the overall phylogeny. These results suggest that horizontal gene transfer may be an important factor in the evolution of antibiotic genes in streptomycetes.     

Construction and shuttling of novel bifunctional vectors for Streptomyces spp. and Escherichia coli.

Shuttle vectors for gene transfer between Streptomyces spp. and Escherichia coli have been constructed by fusion of an artificial multicopy E. coli replicon and DNA fragments of pIJ702. Stable transfer to Streptomyces lividans was obtained. Marked differences in transformation efficiency were observed when plasmid DNA isolated from E. coli GM119 was used instead of that from strain HB101.     

Directed Transfer of Large DNA Fragments between Streptomyces Species

The biosynthesis of complex natural products in bacteria is invariably encoded within large gene clusters. Although this facilitates the cloning of such gene clusters, their heterologous expression in genetically amenable hosts remains a challenging problem, principally due to the difficulties associated with manipulating large DNA fragments. Here we describe a new method for the directed transfer of a gene cluster from one Streptomyces species to another. The method takes advantage of tra gene-mediated conjugal transfer of chromosomal DNA between actinomycetes. As proof of principle, we demonstrate transfer of the entire ~22-kb actinorhodin gene cluster, and also the high-frequency cotransfer of two loci that are 150 to 200 kb apart, from Streptomyces coelicolor to an engineered derivative of Streptomyces lividans.