胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌CpxP蛋白纯化及抑菌功能鉴定

胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌是世界十大植物病原菌之一,主要侵染十字花科的经济作物和观赏花卉。文中从胡萝卜软腐果胶杆菌的基因组中克隆1个抗菌基因cpxP(GeneID:29704421),将其构建在原核表达质粒pET-15b上,并转化至大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)进行表达,经纯化后进行稳定性和抑菌实验。结果显示,IPTG的诱导终浓度为1mmol/L,实现了蛋白的高效外源表达,纯化后电泳无杂蛋白残留,且该蛋白具有良好的热稳定性和pH稳定性。CpxP蛋白抑菌试验结果显示其对胡萝卜切片的抑菌率可达到44.89%,对马铃薯切片的抑菌率可达到59.41%。为进一步解释其抑菌机理,研究该蛋白的空间结构可为软腐病的防治和新型蛋白农药靶点研究提供新思路。     

胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌甜菜亚种Ecb菌株表达的一种Harpin蛋白

1986年,hrp基因被首次报道.由于Wei等(1992)从梨火疫病菌(Brwinia amylovora)中分离出了能激发过敏反应的HarpinEa蛋白,细菌所产生的Harpin分子受到了同行的重视.基于对Harpin蛋白的深入研究,国外已研制出了相关新型、高效、安全的生物农药.近年来,国内涉及Harpin蛋白结构与功能的研究课题组     

碱性蛋白酶产生菌的筛选及发酵条件考查

从土壤中分离到的167株芽胞杆菌中选出一株高产、稳产碱性蛋白酶菌株A4－3（嗜碱性枯草芽胞杆菌）。该菌株最适产酶条件为（g／100ml）：蔗糖6．0;豆饼水解液10.0;Na2CO31．0;起始pH9．5。在该条件下,经37℃振荡培养48h,酶活力达2612u／ml。     

以CotX为分子载体在枯草芽胞杆菌芽胞表面展示绿色荧光蛋白

芽胞衣壳蛋白CotB、CotC、CotG等可作为芽胞表面展示外源蛋白的分子载体,制备口服重组疫苗或具有催化活性的重组酶。CotX为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillussubtilis芽胞衣壳中的另一种结构蛋白。为证明CotX能否作为分子载体将外源蛋白展示在芽胞表面,本研究将cotX基因与绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp的编码序列进行基因重组,构建融合表达CotX-GFP的整合型重组质粒,将该质粒转化枯草芽胞杆菌,筛选重组菌株并诱导产生芽胞,观察到重组芽胞表面具有GFP绿色荧光。结果表明枯草芽胞杆菌的芽胞衣壳蛋白CotX位于芽胞衣壳外层,可作为芽胞表面展示外源蛋白的载体分子。     

枯草芽孢杆菌TF26抗菌蛋白抑菌活性的初步研究

目的:研究枯草芽孢杆菌TF26抗菌蛋白的抑菌活性和生物稳定性,为菌株及抗菌蛋白的应用提供理论依据.方法:采用硫酸铵盐析方法提取抗菌蛋白,采用菌丝生长速率法检测其对13种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,采用抑菌圈方法对其生物稳定性进行分析.结果:抗菌蛋白粗提物能够抑制13种植物病原真菌的生长,平皿抑制率为74.3％ ～91.3％,对葵花菌核病菌、番茄和黄瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜菌核病菌和立枯病菌、水稻恶苗病菌和大豆根腐病菌抑制作用较强.抗菌蛋白在100℃以下,pH＜ 10范围内抑菌活性稳定,对紫外线照射不敏感,室温(20℃)和4℃储存150d抑菌活性稳定.结论:抗菌蛋白具有较强的热、酸碱、紫外和储存稳定性以及广谱的抑菌活性.     

枯草芽孢杆菌BS2对葡萄灰霉病菌抑菌机制的初步探索

对葡萄灰霉病菌的生防枯草芽孢杆菌BS2菌液成分及胞外蛋白的抑菌机制进行了初步研究,BS2对葡萄灰霉病菌具有较好的拮抗作用,其菌液成分和胞外蛋白经20°C-120°C处理后,抑菌效果存在差异。BS2的菌液成分及胞外蛋白对灰霉病菌的产孢、萌发和菌丝的生长等方面均具有较好的抑制作用,且对灰霉病菌菌丝的原生质有囊泡和颗粒化现象。由此分析,BS2抑菌活性物质是多种成分共同作用的结果,抑菌物质中含有对温度敏感的高分子蛋白质,且抑菌机制也是从多方面共同起作用。     

一株新的胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌的分离和鉴定

从大白菜软腐组织中分离出一株软腐病细菌BC1,经过形态观察、生理生化特性分析、致病性检测和16S rDNA序列分析,该分离物被鉴定为胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌胡萝卜亚种（Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Ecc）的一个新菌株,编号为BC1。这是首次从16S rDNA序列水平上对在我国分布的软腐欧文氏菌进行鉴定。Ecc BC1的16S rDNA序列与其它软腐欧文氏菌株的16S rDNA序列之间同源性达987%～993%,而且在系统发育树中独立于Ecc其它菌株。序列分析结果表明,Ecc BC1具有至少2种不同的16S rDNA序列,它们都在第459位和473位（相对于大肠杆菌16S rDNA序列）发生碱基突变,同一基因中两个突变位点之间彼此互补,处于16S rRNA螺旋H17颈部,而且这两处碱基变异只存在于BC1菌株中。通过与其它软腐欧文氏菌亚种和菌株16S rDNA序列进行比对分析,还进一步鉴定出一些BC1菌株特异的16S rDNA碱基突变位点。本文报道的Ecc BC1两个16S rDNA序列在GenBank中的登录号分别为AY309068和AY309069。     

一株促生秸秆降解菌的分离与鉴定

针对秸秆处理不当影响全世界环境污染的问题，筛选多功能秸秆降解菌，旨在得到高效降解秸秆且具有促生作用的微生物菌种。结合纤维素钠-刚果红(CMC-Na)平板筛选，通过16S rRNA基因分析，进行菌株鉴定，得到一株具有纤维素降解效果的菌株XJ-132,经16S rRNA基因鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。与单独施用秸秆处理相比，加入菌株XJ-132 60 d后，秸秆降解率提高21.0%,且对水稻生长促进作用显著，地上、下部鲜重分别增加17.8%和9.6%。水稻种子喷施菌株XJ-132发酵液，低浓度发酵液对种子萌发具有一定促进作用。结果表明，菌株XJ-132可能通过产吲哚乙酸(IAA)、产铁载体、产氨等多种有益物质，降解秸秆的同时促进水稻生长。筛选具有促生作用的秸秆降解菌能够更好地加速秸秆降解，具有广泛的开发利用前景。     

水稻稻瘟病拮抗菌L1鉴定及抑菌特性的初步研究

本研究对水稻稻瘟病菌的拮抗菌L1形态、生理生化特性等进行测定, 结果发现其为杆状细胞、革兰氏阳性、菌落不规则有褶皱、好氧生长、颜色较深等, 初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌; 拮抗菌L1培养5 d的发酵液抑菌活性最高, 抑菌率为74.57%; 拮抗菌L1对水稻稻瘟病菌的拮抗活性物质对温度不敏感; 拮抗菌L1的发酵液用硫酸铵梯度沉淀法提取粗蛋白, 在50%~60%硫酸铵饱和度下沉淀的粗蛋白质对水稻稻瘟病菌抑菌效果最好, 平均抑菌半径达0.51 cm。     

Identification and characterization of Nip, necrosis-inducing virulence protein of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is a gram-negative bacterium that causes soft rot disease of many cultivated crops. When a collection of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora isolates was analyzed on a Southern blot using the harpin-encoding gene hrpN as probe, several harpinless isolates were found. Regulation of virulence determinants in one of these, strain SCC3193, has been characterized extensively. It is fully virulent on potato and in Arabidopsis thaliana. An RpoS (SigmaS) mutant of SCC3193, producing elevated levels of secreted proteins, was found to cause lesions resembling the hypersensitive response when infiltrated into tobacco leaf tissue. This phenotype was evident only when bacterial cells had been cultivated on solid minimal medium at low pH and temperature. The protein causing'the cell death was purified and sequenced, and the corresponding gene was cloned. The deduced sequence of the necrosis-inducing protein (Nip) showed homology to necrosis- and ethylene-inducing elicitors of fungi and oomycetes. A mutant strain of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora lacking the nip gene showed reduced virulence in potato tuber assay but was unaffected in virulence in potato stem or on other tested host plants.     

Characterization of lactosporin, a novel antimicrobial protein produced by Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050

Aims:  To characterize the antimicrobial protein produced by Bacillus coagulans used in the probiotic dietary supplement (Lactospore^® Probiotic, Sabinsa Corp., Piscataway, NJ, USA).
Methods and Results:  Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050 was grown at 37°C for 18 h. The cell free supernatant was concentrated 10-fold (lactosporin preparation, LP). The antimicrobial activity of LP was confirmed against Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10420 in a well diffusion assay. The proteinaceous nature of LP was determined following exposure to different enzymes. The activity of LP was pH-dependent but stable to heat. The isoelectric point of LP was determined to be 3·5–4·0. PCR analyses showed no similarity between lactosporin and known antimicrobial proteins produced by the Bacillus spp.
Conclusions:  Lactosporin is a novel antimicrobial protein. Initial characterization indicates that it may fall outside of the conventional classification of class I and II bacteriocins. Loss of activity after exposure to a number of proteolytic enzymes and lipase suggest that lactosporin may posses a lipid moiety which contributes to its inhibitory activity.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The unique characteristics of lactosporin, including its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic micro-organisms, indicate that it may have potential for application in foods and personal care products.     

Isolation of the Bacillus subtilis antimicrobial peptide subtilosin from the dairy product-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Aims: To purify and characterize an antimicrobial protein (bacteriocin) isolated from the dairy product‐derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Methods and Results: An unknown bacterial species cultured from the Yogu Farm? probiotic dairy beverage was identified through 16S ribosomal RNA analysis as B. amyloliquefaciens, a phylogenetically close relative of Bacillus subtilis. The cell‐free supernatant (CFS) of overnight cultures was active against Listeria monocytogenes and also against clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis and Streptococcus agalactiae. At the same time, several isolates of vaginal probiotic Lactobacilli were resistant to the CFS. The nature of the compound causing inhibitory activity was confirmed as proteinaceous by enzymatic digestion. The protein was isolated using ammonium sulfate precipitation, and further purified via column chromatography. PCR analysis was conducted to determine relatedness to other bacteriocins produced by Bacillus spp. Conclusion: The antimicrobial protein isolated from B. amyloliquefaciens was shown to be subtilosin, a bacteriocin previously reported as produced only by B. subtilis. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report of intra‐species horizontal gene transfer for subtilosin and the first fully characterized bacteriocin isolated from B. amyloliquefaciens. Finally, this is the first report on subtilosin’s activity against bacterial vaginosis‐associated pathogens.     

枯草芽孢杆菌SN-02发酵液的抑菌谱及稳定性研究

目的:研究枯草芽孢杆菌SN-02发酵液的抑菌谱及稳定性。方法:以28种植物病原菌为供试菌,杯碟法测定SN-02菌发酵液的抑菌谱;以烟草靶斑病菌为指示菌,杯碟法测定发酵液的热稳定性、酸碱稳定性及传代稳定性。结果:SN-02菌发酵液对28种供试菌株的抑菌圈直径在20mm以上。将发酵液于120℃处理2.5h,-20℃处理25d抑菌活性没有明显变化;发酵液在pH 4~9时抑菌活性无明显变化,在pH 1~3和pH 10条件下抑菌活性明显下降;连续培养10代,发酵液抑菌活性没有下降。结论:SN-02菌发酵液抑菌谱较广,耐高温和低温,传代稳定性好,但在强酸和强碱条件下稳定性较差。     

Purification,characterization and application of a novel antimicrobial peptide from Andrias davidianus blood

The Andrias davidianus has been known as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time. Its blood is considered as a waste or by‐product of the meat production industry. Although there are reports on isolation of the antimicrobial peptides from different resources, there are no reports of their isolation from A. davidianus blood. In this work, an antimicrobial peptide, andricin B, was isolated from the blood of A. davidianus by an innovative method in which the magnetic liposome adsorption was combined with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The structure, antimicrobial activity and safety of andricin B were further investigated. Amino acid sequence was determined by N‐terminal sequencing and found to be Gly‐Leu‐Thr‐Arg‐Leu‐Phe‐Ser‐Val‐Ile‐Lys. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra and prediction of three‐dimensional structure by bioinformatics software suggested the presence of a well‐defined random coil conformation. Andricin B was found to be active against all bacteria tested in this study as well as some fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were in the range 8–64 μg ml^?1. Moreover, the haemolytic testing also suggested that andricin B could be considered safe at the MICs. Finally, andricin B was shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the cooked meat of A. davidianus. This study shows that andricin B is a promising novel antimicrobial peptide that may provide further insights towards the development of new drugs.

Significance and Impact of the Study

This is the pioneer study on screening and isolation of antimicrobial peptide from the blood of Andrias davidianus. Here, we have developed a novel method by combining magnetic liposomes adsorption with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography to purify and screen the antimicrobial peptides. From this screen, we identified a novel antimicrobial peptide which we name as andricin B. Andricin B is unique as it checks the growth of both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria as well as few fungal species.     

一株抗真菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其发酵条件的初步研究

从堆肥中分离到一株对植物病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)具有强烈抗菌活性并具有较广抗菌谱的细菌Q-12菌株。通过形态观察、生理生化实验1、6S rDNA同源性序列分析以及部分特异性基因序列分析,鉴定该菌为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。该菌的最适培养基组成为:葡萄糖5g/L,NH4Cl 1g/L,牛肉膏0.8g/L,氯化镁5g/L。最适培养温度为33℃,最适培养pH为6.0,最适培养时间为40h。     

银杏种仁中抗菌蛋白的纯化及性质

银杏果仁提取上清液经硫酸铵沉淀、CM—52离子交换柱层析和Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤层析后分离纯化出一种抗菌蛋白。SDS—PAGE分析结果表明,此蛋白分子量为13000,对热稳定;氨基酸组分分析表明,该蛋白含18种不同氨基酸,尤富含丙氨酸(Ala)和精氨酸(His)等,缺乏半胱氨酸(Cys);纯化的蛋白对黄瓜镰刀孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、瓜类炭疽菌(Colletotrichum orbiculare)、小麦全蚀病菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis)等真菌有很强的抑制作用,而且对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia Coli)等细菌也有一定的抑制作用。     

Identification and molecular characterization of a novel Bacillus strain capable of degrading Tween-80

A Tween-80-degrading novel marine Bacillus strain, N10, has recently been isolated in Alexandria University, Egypt. The taxonomic position of this endospore forming bacterium was investigated on the basis of fatty acid analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Comparative computer database analyses revealed that the bacterium is a Bacillus subtilis strain. The gene encoding the small acid-soluble protein gamma-type (SASP-B), sspE, was successfully utilized in this study as a tool for discrimination between the two B. subtilis subspecies W23 and 168. Based on the alignment of 16S rRNA sequences and analysis of SASP-B relatedness, it has been demonstrated that the novel marine B. subtilis strain N10 is more closely related to the B. subtilis reference strain W23 than to 168. The strain, N10, has been deposited in the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center (BGSC) and assigned the accession number 3A17.     

嗜热枯草芽孢杆菌普鲁兰酶基因的表达与重组酶的性质

克隆嗜热枯草芽孢杆菌WY-34普鲁兰酶基因并在大肠杆菌中进行表达,对重组酶进行纯化和酶学性质研究,根据枯草芽孢杆菌的普鲁兰酶蛋白序列,设计PCR引物对WY-34的普鲁兰酶基因进行克隆及异源表达.对表达蛋白的最适pH、pH稳定性及最适温度、温度稳定性等特性进行研究,并测定重组普鲁兰酶的底物特异性.将普鲁兰酶基因pluA克隆及分析序列后,发现基因长度为2.2 kb,编码718个氨基酸,在大肠杆菌中异源表达.通过Ni-IDA亲和层析一步纯化得到比活力为93.2 U/mg的纯酶,SDS-PAGE和凝胶层析测定的分子量分别为76.2 kD和74.3 kD.酶学性质研究表明,该酶的最适温度为40℃,在温度不高于45℃条件下稳定;最适pH为6.0,同一温度下pH 6.0-9.0范围内处理30 min可以保持80％以上的酶活力,此酶对普鲁兰糖有很强的底物特异性.此重组普鲁兰酶的酶学性质表明此酶具有一定的工业化应用价值.