Lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscles of rats during maximum physical exertion and its correction by ionol

The maximum physical exercises lead to the activation of lipid peroxidation in rats. It is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde in skeletal muscles. Preliminary administration of ionol antioxidant, prevents these changes. The possibilities of using the antioxidant in the prevention of skeletal muscle lesion during physical exercises are discussed.     

Effect of brain antibodies on the lipid peroxidation process in the brain

The authors studies the effects of blood serum and IgG fraction from dogs immunized with brain and blood sera from patients with multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia on lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. Measured the content of diene conjugates (DC) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in the rat brain after administering the IgG fraction. It was established that antioxidant activity of blood sera and IgG fraction from control animals and donors was significantly higher as compared to experimental. Administration of the IgG fraction brought about an increase in the content of DC and MDA in the brain of experimental animals. It is concluded that complement-dependent brain antibodies present in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis potentiate lipid peroxidation in the cerebral tissue and that the unsophisticated and informative method for antibody determination may be used in clinical practice.     

Content of cyclic nucleotides and lipid peroxidation products in the brain of irradiated mice

The effect of radiation on the cyclic nucleotide content of mouse brain has been studied. High radiation doses have been found to increase cGMP and to decrease cAMP content of the brain. These alterations correlate with the processes of lipid peroxidation and formation of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde.     

Correction of lipid peroxidation disorders in experimental traumatic shock using the antioxidant ionol

The level of certain parameters of lipid peroxidation and the activity of lysosome hydrolases were studied on the shock model in rats. It was established that the traumatic shock in the experiment is accompanied by the growth of the level of over-oxidation products (malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugates), the rate of erythrocyte hemolysis as well as by an increase in the hydrolase activity. Administration of ionol (60 mg/kg) inhibits the higher activity of radical-free lipid oxidation, decreases the damage of membrane structure and the metabolism disturbance.     

Characteristics of the antioxidant system of alveolar surfactant in immediate-type allergies

The antioxidant system (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant activity) of the lung surfactant has been studied for and intensity of peroxidation in that surfactant after administration of sensitizing and resolving doses of the allergen to animals. An increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation products as well as in activity of superoxide dismutase followed by a fall of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was observed in the lung surfactant 3 and 12 days after introduction of a sensitizing dose of the allergen. Intensification of 5-lipoxygenase activity and accumulation of malonic dialdehyde in the lung surfactant under the anaphylactic shock were accompanied by inhibition of activity of the glutathione-dependent antioxidant system glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase) as well as by a fall of antioxidative activity of the surfactant. The data obtained have evidenced for a imbalance between the induction and metabolism systems of lipid hydroperoxides in the respiratory organs under immediate allergies.     

Lipid peroxidation in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain and blood of guinea-pigs was studied during experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. The most pronounced activation of LPO in the brain occurred at the 7th day of sensitization with encephalolitogenic emulsion. It manifested by an increase in the content of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde, activation of catalase and reduction of superoxide dismutase activity. LPO activation in the blood occurred at the 3th-5th day of sensitization. It is assumed that LPO activation is caused by antigen-antibody reaction that occurs in the blood at the 3d day and in the brain at the 7th day of sensitization.     

Liver lipid peroxidation in the ontogeny of rats during perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls

We studied the activity of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, NADPH- and ascorbate-dependent systems of lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes, the activity of superoxide dismutase in the supernatant and the level of malonic acid dialdehyde in liver tissue of rats of various age. The activity of lipid peroxidation system and the malonic dialdehyde content in the early postnatal period increased to the adult level. The NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity increased during the first four months of animals life while that of superoxide dismutase increased until the animals were seven months old. A single administration of polychlorinated diphenyls at a dose of 500 mg/kg (1/10 LD50) to pregnant rats drastically stimulated and changed the pattern of the studied activities in their offspring. The role of lipid peroxidation in modification of microsomal membranes after the monooxygenase system induction by polychlorinated diphenyls in early ontogenesis is discussed.     

The biological effects in animals in relation to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station. 7. The content of lipid peroxidation products and free fatty acids and the catalase activity in a number of organs and tissues of rats]

The content of malonic dialdehyde, dienic conjugates and free fatty acids, and catalase activity were determined in some organs and tissues of chronically irradiated rats. Certain regularities were found in lipid metabolism changes. The MIGI-K preparation was shown to normalize some indices under study.     

Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant protection system in humans exposed to hypergravity of varying intensity

The effects of +Gz acceleration (head–pelvis) of 3, 5, and 7g (rate of increase, 0.03 g/s) on the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the state of the antioxidant protection system were assessed in 14 subjects 25–45 years of age. The content of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and Schiff bases) in the blood of the subjects was quantitated, and the status of the water-soluble (catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and total antioxidant activity) and lipid (tocopherol concentration) components of the antioxidant protection system was assessed. Exposure to hypergravity of 3g was accompanied by a slight activation of LPO, and further increase in the load to 5g resulted in inhibition of LPO, whereas no statistically significant changes in any of the parameters investigated were recorded at a load of 7g. Induction of the passive mechanisms of biomembrane protection associated with changes in the phase status of the membrane appears to be the most plausible explanation for the phenomenon observed. Further research on the mechanisms of compensation and control of the intensity of free radical-mediated processes upon the impact of hypergravity seems necessary.     

Stimulation of lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes by tetraphenylporphine and its metallocomplexes

It is shown that tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and its complexes with metals decrease the rate of the diene conjugate formation. The above compounds increase the malonic dialdehyde accumulation. The effect of TPP and its complexes with metals is connected with stimulation of lipid peroxidation in biomembranes.     

Changes in metabolic processes in humans during a 120-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia

The activities of organ- and tissue-specific diagnostically significant enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and prostatic acid phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, choline esterase, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, oxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and creatin phosphokinase (muscular and cardiac isoenzymes), as well as the concentrations of total cholesterol and the cholesterol of high- and low-density lipoproteins, the ratios of their concentrations, and the level of triglycerides, were studied during an experiment with 120-day antiorthostatic (?7°) hypokinesia (ANOH) in the blood of six volunteers (men, 21 to 36 years old). In addition, the indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant activity were determined, including the concentrations of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, Schiff bases and tocopherol, and the total antioxidant activity. It was found that a 120-day ANOH in this experiment did not result in the formation of deep metabolic shifts accompanied by unfavorable changes in organs and tissues. The changes in cholesterol metabolism during hypokinesia were expressed in the redistribution of cholesterol fractions with the dominance of atherogenic forms and a higher risk of atherogenesis. All of the observed metabolic changes were easily reversible and eliminated during the first month of the recovery period. No signs of a higher intensity of free-radical processes were observed during any of the examination periods due to activation of the antioxidant defense system.     

Activity of antioxidant system enzymes and lipid peroxidation product content in the liver and thymus of rats in the early stages of irradiation]

The activity of enzymes of the antioxidation system and the content of some lipid peroxidation products in the liver and thymus of irradiated (0.21 C/kg) rats have been investigated. Glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase activity in the liver and thymus of rats decreased during the first 24 h after irradiation. There was a phase change in the catalase activity during the initial postirradiation period. The content of malonic dialdehyde increased immediately after irradiation and somewhat decreased during the first 24 h. In 24 h, there observed a radiation-induced increase in the diene conjugate content in the liver and thymus of rats, against the background of low activity of such antioxidation system enzymes as glutathione transferase, glutathione reductase and catalase.     

The content of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the myocardium and liver of rats with various vitamin E allowances

After 2 month of feeding vitamin E-supplemented diet (100.6 and 0 mg/kg; group I-control, II and III, respectively) the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (diene conjugates, malondialdehyde, Schiff's bases) and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) was estimated in rat heart and liver. Although the content of alpha-tocopherol in organs of group II was significantly decreased, the concentration of peroxidation products and enzyme activities was unchanged. Moreover, these parameters were constant in rat liver of group III. The heart was more sensitive because in group III to vitamin E deficiency (the alpha-tocopherol level was dropped fourfold) the concentration of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde was increased and superoxide dismutase activity was decreased. Thus insufficiency of vitamin E may result in selective alterations of myocardial functions. In addition, vitamin E may be useful instrument for correction of free radical oxidation and antioxidant system activity in the heart.     

Metabolic changes in blood in pulmonary tuberculosis patients from various blood groups

285 Patients suffering from the respiratory tract organs primary tuberculosis were subjected to the tests on definition of blood groups according to AB0 system, as well as its total proteolytic activity, alpha 1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, general haptoglobin, lysozyme, malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates levels were estimated. The sick persons as compared with the healthy ones were defined to reveal a tendency to increase of the persons with 0(I)- and B(III)-blood groups and decrease of those ones with A(II)-groups. Independently on the pulmonary tuberculosis patients phenotypic index their tested blood biochemical indices levels increase. As an exception is the proteolytic activity of the persons with B(III)- blood group, and also alpha 1-antitrypsin and lysozyme--with 0(I) and AB(IV) groups, in this case their rates failed to exceed the norm confidential interval. The blood metabolic parameters were defined as independent on its group.     

Comparison of redox state of cells of tatar buckwheat morphogenic calluses and non-morphogenic calluses obtained from them

Intracellular content of hydrogen peroxide and of the product of lipid peroxidation malonic dialdehyde as well as activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were studied in cells of morphogenic and derived from them non-morphogenic calluses of tatar buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum L. Non-morphogenic calluses were characterized by significantly higher content of hydrogen peroxide and malonic dialdehyde, low catalase activity, and high activity of superoxide dismutase compared to morphogenic cultures. The results may indicate that cells of non-morphogenic calluses are in the state of continuous oxidative stress. Nevertheless, proliferative activity of non-morphogenic cultures and the biomass increase significantly exceeded these parameters in morphogenic calluses. An analogy is drawn between animal cancer cells and non-morphogenic plant calluses.     

Dynamics of oxidation stress markers during long-term antiorthostatic hypokinesia: A retrospective study

Nine volunteers aged 27 to 42 participated in an experiment with 370-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia at–5°C, and their blood serum samples were tested for the concentrations of lipid peroxidation (LPO) derivatives, including diene conjugates (DCs), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), and Schiff bases (SBs), and indices of the antioxidant defense system, including the tocopherol (TP) concentration and total antioxidant activity (AOA). The subjects were divided into two groups, which differed in physical training regimen and prophylaxis measures. Initial LPO steps were inhibited in both of the groups by 54–73% from day 50, while the level of SBs, which are final LPO products, decreased by 50–61% by day 230 and remained much the same up to the end of the experiment. The MDA and SB concentrations decreased by a factor of 1.6–2.3 during recovery. Total AOA decreased as an aftereffect during recovery to a level far lower than physiologically normal. Based on the significant inhibition of free-radical LPO throughout the experiment, long-term adaptation to simulated hypogravity was accompanied by a pronounced decrease in biological oxidation and caused severe stress. Substantial long-term readaptation stress developed during recovery after 370-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia, as was evident from the facts that the LPO activity was almost halved, TP concentration significantly increased, and the functional reserves of water-soluble antioxidants were exhausted. Lack of LPO activation was assumed to reflect adequate compensation in the subjects.     

Mechanism of the pro-oxidant activity of tetracycline

It was shown on male rats that like ethanol tetracycline increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the hepatocyte membranes, evident from increased levels of diene conjugates and malone dialdehyde in the liver homogenates, especially on their combination. The signal amplitude of the EPR-forms of cytochrome P-450 and Cu-, Mo- and Fe-containing proteins did not change, while the content of the EPR-forms of the free radicals increased. High efficiency of antioxidants, such as tocopherol acetate, sodium selenite and tincture of Astragalus L. is indirect evidence of the role of the free radicals in initiation of LPO in tetracycline affections of the liver.     

Activation of lipid peroxidation in the brain in cerebral hemorrhage

The effect of intracerebral hemorrhage (injection of 0.15 ml of autogenic blood during 2 min in capsula interna) on lipid peroxidation in brain tissue was studied in rat experiments. Intracerebral hemorrhage resulted in a progressive increase of conjugated diene and malonic dialdehyde concentrations, and a decrease in the levels of cerebral lipids antiradical activity. This effect appeared by the 3-rd hour and was significantly manifest 24 hours after the blood injection into the brain.     

Age-related changes of lipid spectrum, level of lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant defence in the liver and blood of rats

It has been shown that the lowest level of total lipids, cholesterol, triacylglycerols and products of lipid peroxidation of blood and liver, as a rule, is specific to adult rats. These characteristics are significantly higher for old and young animals. At the same time, the level of glutathione and alphatocopherols in adults' liver is much higher than in young and old rats. It suggests the lower level of processes of lipid peroxidation in adult mature rats. The relative high level of products of lipid peroxidation and low content of alpha-tocopherols in old rats' liver (against the background of higher activity and glutamineperoxidase, and glutathionereductase than in adults) suggests tocopherol deficiency in old animals. High content of total lipids, cholesterol and cholesterol entering into the composition of lipoprotein of different density, triacylglycerols, diene conjugates and malonic dialdehide, activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes of antioxidant defence in young animals as compared with these levels in adult rats seems to be associated with agerelated hypercholesterolemia and intensive plastic changes of a growing organism.