对完善我国公立医院药品采购机制的建议

目的 为完善公立医院药品集中采购机制提供参考。方法 通过文献分析法和对比分析法总结并分析国内外公立医院药品集中采购模式和基药采购模式特点。结果 国内外不同的药品采购模式在采购目录、采购机构、采购方式、评标方式等方面都存在差异。结论 公立医院药品集中采购办法尚不完善，通过借鉴国际和基本药物采购经验，不断完善机构建设能力，发挥批量优势、实现招采合一，提高市场集中度、建立现代化物流系统等。     

基于供应链模式的医院采购流程再造与管理实践

医院的采购管理是保障医院运行、提高运营效率、保证医疗质量、降低医疗成本的重要工作,供应链模式的采购管理是一个有效的管理模式。通过加强供应商管理与合作策略、采购流程优化采购两个方面的实践,逐步建立起符合现代管理学理念的采购流程与供应商关系管理体系,从而实现提高工作效率、降低医院成本的目的。     

依法推进医疗卫生资源优化配置战略的实施

文章以依法推进我国医疗卫生资源优化配置为主线,分别从依法明确公立医院功能定位,依法规划公立医院的规模、数量与布局,依法建立以人为中心的医疗卫生系统,依法充分发挥社会办医的作用,以及依法推进医疗卫生资源配置规划的编制与实施五个方面论述了资源配置战略,旨在为制订好“十三五”期间公立医院规模、数量与布局的规划提供了理论支撑。     

大型医院医疗设备采购流程精细化管理的探讨

医疗设备采购工作由于环节众多,过程复杂,且工作性质的特殊性、敏感性关系,很多的审批、监督环节无法省略,对工作速度造成了严重影响。该文探讨了一种基于项目团队模式的医疗设备采购管理新模式。打破了采购工作各相关部门的职能壁垒,按精细化管理的原则,构建了一个跨部门的医疗设备采购工作职能团队,快速、准确、高效地完成大型医院医疗设备购置工作,提高医疗设备采购工作的效率和质量,以充分发掘采购工作的效益。     

辽宁省医疗机构2009年度药品采购和使用情况调查

2009年,我国全面推行政府主导、以省为单位药品集中采购制度,通过选取辽宁省5个地区、5个级别的45个医疗机构对2009年药品采购价格进行调查,发现了不同级别医疗机构药品采购价格和使用情况存在较大差异,而不同地区药品价格和使用情况无显著差异,根据调查结果提出建议,希望对药品集中采购政策的改革和完善有一定的启示。     

高校依法治校浅析

近年来频发的高校与学生之间的法律纠纷使我们意识到依法治校的重要性。本文通过分析目前高校在依法治校过程中存在的几方面问题,提出了我国在依法治校的问题上应做出的改进。     

现代医院医疗设备的合同标准化管理

目的本文主要阐述现代医院在医疗设备购置过程中,怎样来进一步规范采购合同,制定标准合同,加强标准合同管理,防范采购风险。     

现代医院设备采购管理的探索

医院的采购管理是医院设备管理的重要组成部,该文分析了当今医院设备采购的原则、相关流程及评标方法进行了技术探讨和解析。     

安徽省药品集中招标采购配送工作的调研结果与思考

通过对安徽省6家不同所有制、不同规模、不同经营方式的药品流通企业的实地调研，了解药品流通企业及药品配送工作的基本情况，剖析了药品招标配送中存在的问题，对实施药品集中招标采购配送工作提出政策建议。     

浅谈培养中学生保护生物多样性的法律意识

生物多样性日益锐减已是一件不言而喻的事实,依法保护生物多样性也已成为人们的共识。而要做到这一点,人们首先必须学习、掌握保护生物多样性的法律、法规,具备了保护生物多样性的法律意识,然后才能谈得上依法保护。根据江泽民主席在十五大报告中提出的“依法治国”、“建设社会主义法治国家”的正确主张,我们深深感到,作为生物教师,不仅要向学生传授各种生物学的知识和技能,而且还有责任培养他们保护生物多样性的法律意识,使之在步入“依法治国”的社会后,能正确运用所掌握的保护生物多样性法律知识,积极有效地同各种破坏生物多…     

Setting Up International (Adversary) Regimes in the South China Sea: Analyzing the Obstacles from a Chinese Perspective

If the sovereignty issue can be shelved, solved, or resolved, the six claimant states of the South China Sea will have to establish a series of international regimes. The following questions need to be answered: Do all the claimants understand the concept of international regimes? Would the regimes be imposed? Would there be hegemon(s) in the South China Sea? If so, which country or multiple entities will be involved? What would be the outcome of having international regimes in the South China Sea? Can the experience elsewhere be applied to the South China Sea?     

制备型高效液相色谱法分离蛋白质的研究

生物工程的发展,特别是生化制品下游处理技术的兴起,对现代分离科学提出了更高的要求,研究和开发各类生化物质特别是活性生物大分子的分离纯化技术,已成为一项十分重要的研究课题。在现有的分离技术中,液相色谱,尤其是80年代在分析型高效液相色谱(HPLC)基础上兴起的制备型HPLC,在大规模分离纯化生物活性物质特别是蛋白质方面已显示出巨大的应用潜力,引起了各国研究者的高度重视^[1-5].本文利用自行设计的制备型HPLC分离装置,对牛血清白蛋白(BAS)和牛血清红蛋白(HG)的制备分离过程进行了实验研究,着重考虑了流动流速、柱超载方式、柱长等因素对BAS和HG分离度的影响。     

黑河流域生态经济带分异协调规律与耦合发展模式

在西北干旱地区建设黑河流域生态经济带,是从根本上高效配置流域水资源,彻底化解流域上,下游利益冲突,实现利益共享,保护流域生态环境,推进流域可持续发展,全面实施国务院黑河流域分水方案的重要途径,通过对黑河流域生态经济带上－中－下游投入产出效益的比较分析和流域上、中、下游生态－生产、生活系统发展分异及互动协调关系的分析,提出了黑河流域生态经济带上－中－下游多维互动的协调耦合发展模式,进而提出了黑河流域生态经济带建设与发展的主要途径,包括推进黑河流域经济发展一体化和集成管理公司化,大力推行全流域水资源的差异化有偿使用制度,实施流动上、中、下游的水权转让贸易,实行规范的流域财政转移支付制度,建立流域资源与生态环境和经济的整合帐户体系,实行跨行政区域河流边界水量水质达标交接制度,等等。     

The Genetic Improvement of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Their Symbiont Bacteria: Phenotypic Targets, Genetic Limitations and an Assessment of Possible Hazards

The methodologies of classical genetics and genetic engineering can be used for the genetic improvement of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their symbiont bacteria. Many of the complex behavioural and physiological traits which are targets for genetic improvement are likely to be controlled polygenically, thus selective breeding for improvements to these traits would be appropriate. Much basic research needs to be carried out before researchers will be able to effect improvements to EPNs and their symbionts by genetic engineering. There is a lack of basic information on the genetics and biochemistry of the characteristics that might be altered by transgenic methods in EPNs, and their bacteria, and existing transformation protocols need to be made more effective.     

气候变暖可能对东北三省农业生态环境的影响及其对策

随着未来气候变暖,我国东北三省农业生态环境可能发生较大的变化,其变化趋势为,热量条件变好,作物生育期延长,冷害频率降低,积雪期缩短,湿润条件变差,干旱频率增大,蒸发量增加。未来气候变暖,若平均气温升高2℃,那时东北三省粮食产量可增加36%左右,农业地带将大幅度地向北推移,并且提出相应的农业对策。     

Mutants of Arabidopsis lacking starch branching enzyme II substitute plastidial starch synthesis by cytoplasmic maltose accumulation

Three genes, BE1, BE2, and BE3, which potentially encode isoforms of starch branching enzymes, have been found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Although no impact on starch structure was observed in null be1 mutants, modifications in amylopectin structure analogous to those of other branching enzyme II mutants were detected in be2 and be3. No impact on starch content was found in any of the single mutant lines. Moreover, three double mutant combinations were produced (be1 be2, be1 be3, and be2 be3), and the impact of the mutations on starch content and structure was analyzed. Our results suggest that BE1 has no apparent function for the synthesis of starch in the leaves, as both be1 be2 and be1 be3 double mutants display the same phenotype as be2 and be3 separately. However, starch synthesis was abolished in be2 be3, while high levels of alpha-maltose were assayed in the cytosol. This result indicates that the functions of both BE2 and BE3, which belong to class II starch branching enzymes, are largely redundant in Arabidopsis. Moreover, we demonstrate that maltose accumulation depends on the presence of an active ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and that the cytosolic transglucosidase DISPROPORTIONATING ENZYME2, required for maltose metabolization, is specific for beta-maltose.     

急性脑梗死的超早期治疗

目的 研究蛇岛牌精制蜊蛇抗栓毒抗检胶囊对急性离梗死的超早期治疗效果。方法 入选６０例急性患者（发病６￣８ｈ以内）,分成两组,每组３０例;治疗组给予蛇岛牌精制蛇抗栓酶３．０ｕ静脉滴注,１２ｈ１次,连用３天后,改为１．５ｕ静脉滴注,每日１ ,同时服用蛇毒抗 胶囊０．６ｇ（本院科研药品）,每日３次,治疗１５天;对照组给予东菱克栓酶１０ＩＵ,前５天每日１次,后１０天隔日１次,同时监测血液流变学。结果 治疗     

Binary Longitudinal Data Analysis with Correlation a Function of Explanatory Variables

When binary responses are observed over time, the dependence between observations for an individual must be considered. If the focus of a study is to identify the relationship between the binary response and a set of explanatory variables then the dependence between observations may also depend on the explanatory variables. An extension of a model where dependence is assumed to be constant will be considered. A model previously proposed for dependent binary responses will be revisited and a robust estimate of the variance-covariance matrix of coefficient estimates will be suggested to provide estimates of standard errors. The results of simulation studies investigating the properties of coefficient estimates will be discussed. An example based on a study of the AIDS epidemic and intravenous drug use behaviour will be analyzed to illustrate the techniques.     

A Note on Quantile Estimation for Curtailed Experiments

There may be experiments where due to misadventure or logistic or ethical reasons final measurements on all experimental units cannot be obtained. If at least 50% of the final measurements have been taken estimates of the lower quantiles and the median can be obtained. For such curtailed experiments it is shown how quantiles, above those that can be estimated directly from the data set, can be estimated indirectly by exploiting a property of symmetric distributions. The performance of the indirect quantile estimator is compared with that of the direct quantile estimator and conditions for the indirect estimator to have smaller variance than the direct estimator are presented. It is also shown how the indirect estimator may be pooled with the direct estimator to obtain an improved estimate of the upper quantiles. When it cannot be assumed that the data come from a symmetric distribution transformations to symmetry may be performed and the indirect estimation technique used on the transformed data; back transformations then yield the estimates of the upper quantiles.     

On the limitations of life cycle assessment and environmental systems analysis tools in general

The potential and limitations of life cycle assessment and environmental systems analysis tools in general are evaluated. More specifically this is done by exploring the limits of what can be shown by LCA and other tools. This is done from several perspectives. First, experiences from current LCAs and methodology discussions are used including a discussion on the type of impacts typically included, quality of inventory data, methodological choices in relation to time aspects, allocation, characterisation and weighting methods and uncertainties in describing the real world. Second, conclusions from the theory of science are practised. It is concluded that it can in general not be shown that one product is environmentally preferable to another one, even if this happens to be the case. This conclusion has important policy implications. If policy changes require that it must be shown that one product is more (or less) environmentally preferable before any action can be taken, then it is likely that no action is ever going to take place. If we want changes to be made, decisions must be taken on a less rigid basis. It is expected that in this decision making process, LCA can be a useful input. Since it is the only tool that can be used for product comparisons over the whole life cycle, it can not be replaced by any other tool and should be used. Increased harmonisation of LCA methodology may increase the acceptability of chosen methods and increase the usefulness of the tool.