山羊经济性状标记辅助选择的遗传效应分析

本研究以辽宁绒山羊、柴达木绒山羊和柴达木山羊3个群体共147只山羊为研究对象,运用PAGE和RAPD技术对山羊的体重、绒产量和绒细度3个性状进行了与标记基因关系的遗传分析,结果表明：EsD2-2型、LAPBB型和PA-32-2型分别为体重、绒产量和绒细度性状的优势标记基因型;可利用标记辅助预测的方法充分利用多基因座标记基因间的互作效应;在体重上,寻找到有显著选择效应的RAPD条带11个,在绒产量和绒细度上分别为9和6个;在多目标性状选择中,CY0818/A0型和OPW19/C1型为体重和绒产量的双重优势RAPD标记,CY0818/G1型为体重和绒细度的双重优势RAPD标记。Abstract: The genetic relationships between economic traits and genetic markers were studied in 147 goats including Chaidamu goat (CS), Chaidamu Cashmere goat (CRS) and Liaoning Cashmere goat (LRS) in Qinghai province, China. CRS was the population of CS×LRS crossbred. The results showed as follows: the selection reaction of these blood protein polymorphisic loci were great, such as EsD, LAP and PA-3; and EsD2-2, LAPBB and PA-32-2 were the superior marker genotypes on body weight ,Cashmere yield and Cashmere fineness respectively by Least Square method. The interaction between marker genotypes at double loci was found frequently, and their ratio between interaction variance component and genetic variance was higher. With the method of marker assisted prediction( MAP), some interaction effect could be used effectively in the crossbreed population. On the aspect of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), the number of the superior RAPD marker bands were 11 on body weight trait, 9 and 6 RAPD marker bands on Cashmere yield and Cashmere fineness. For multi-goal traits, CY0818/A0 type and OPW19/C1 type were superior RAPD markers of body weight and Cashmere yield, CY0818/G1 type was superior one of body weight and Cashmere fineness.     

群体遗传不平衡条件下的结构基因遗传共适应特性

本研究以柴达木山羊、柴达木绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊三个群体共147只山羊为材料,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术检测了5种血液蛋白质（酶）基因座的遗传多态性,并进行了结构基因遗传共适应的研究,结果发现：45个基因座组合中有10个基因座组合处于遗传不平衡状态,并且这些遗传不平衡皆单纯由遗传共适应差异造成;除辽宁绒山羊Tf-PA-3组合的遗传不平衡包含非等位基因间的遗传共适应差异外,其他基因座组合的遗传不平衡皆由等位基因间的共适应差异,即单基因座的遗传不平衡造成;LAP-EsD组合的共适应差异在群体间有遗传传递现象。 Abstract:With the technology of PAGE,the genetic polymorphism of blood protein and enzyme was investigated,and genetic co-adaptability among structural genes was studied in three goat populations(147 goats) including Chaidamu goat(CS),Chaidamu Cashmere goat(CRS) and Liaoning Cashmere goat(LRS) in Qinghai Province,China.The results were showed that the genetic disequilibrium of 10 locus combinations was found among 45 locus combinations in the three goat populations,and these genetic disequilibria were caused only by the difference of genetic co-adaptability among genes,because there didn′t exist the linkage disequilibrium among non-allelic genes.The genetic disequilibrium including the difference of genetic co-adaptability between non-allelic genes was only found at Tf-PA-3 locus combinations in LRS population,the other ones were all caused by the genetic disequilibrium at a single locus.The difference of genetic co-adaptability of LAP-EsD locus combinations could be messaged among different populations.     

内蒙古白绒山羊若干数量性状遗传参数的研究

本研究应用女母回归法、公畜内女母回归法、半同胞相关法和单元内半同胞相关法对内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊的产绒量、绒厚、毛长、体重、绒伸直长度和细度等六个性状的遗传参数进行了估测。结果表明：（1）绒量遗传力介于0.26～0.45之间;绒厚遗传力介于0.33～0.56之间;毛长遗传力介于0.23～0.32之间;体重的遗传力介于0.16～0.36之间;绒伸直长度遗传力为0.24;绒细度的遗传力为0.14。（2）产绒量与绒厚、绒厚与毛长、长度与绒厚、长度与毛长的遗传相关分别介于0.33～0.79、0.51～0.69、0.38～0.60、0.74～0.90之间,存在较强的正向遗传相关;绒量与毛长、绒量与体重、绒厚与体重、细度与绒厚、细度与绒量、细度与体重的遗传相关分别为0.11～0.38、0.06～0.17、0.15～0.36、0.02～0.11、0.24～0.35、0.13～0.32之间,存在较弱的正向遗传相关;毛长与体重、长度与绒量、长度与体重、长度与细度、细度与毛长之间的遗传相关介于-0.14～-0.28、-0.09～-0.20、-0.18～-0.23、-0.27～-0.31、-0.17～-0.28之间,存在中等偏弱的负向遗传相关。（3）绒量、绒厚、毛长、体重的重复率分别为0.42、0.27、0.59、0.18。 Abstract：Daughter-dam regression, daughter-dam regression wit hin sire, half-sib correlation and intro-unit half?sib correlation were used in the study to estimate genetic parameters for several traits of Albas type of In ner Mongolia cashmere goats, Traits included in this paper were cashmere yield ( CY),cashmere thickness(CT),staple length(SL),body eight(BW),cashmere stretched length(CSL) and cashmere fineness(CF).The results showed: (1)Heritabilities for CY,CT,SL and BW ranged between 0.26 and 0.45,between 0.33 and 0.56, between 0.23 and 0.32 and between 0.16 and 0.36 respectively; Heritabilities for SL and CF were 0.24 and 0.14 respectively.(2)Genetic correlations between CY and CT,between CT and SL ,between SL and CT and between CST and SL ranged 0.33～0. 79, 0.51～0.69, 0.38～0.60, and 0.74～0.90,respectively,and they belonged to high positive one;Genetic correlations between CY and SL, between CY and betw een CY and BW,between CT and BW, between CF and CT, between CF and CY and betwe en CF and BW ranged 0.11～0.38, 0.06～0.17,0.15～0.36, 0.02～0.11, 0.24 ～0.35 and 0.13～0.32,respectively, and they belonged to low positive correla tion;Genetic correlations between SL and BW, between SL and CY,between SL ?and BW, between? SL and CF and between CF and SL ranged -0.14～-0.28, -0.09～-0 .20, -0.18～-0.23,-0.27～-0.31,and -0.17～-0.28,respectively,and they belonged to low negative correlations.(3)Repeatabilities for CY,CT,SL and BW were 0.42,0.27,0.59 and 0.18,respectively.     

波尔山羊及其杂交改良后代群体遗传结构与亲缘关系研究

利用RAPD标记和POPGENE、PHYLIP及SPSS等统计分析软件,研究了波尔山羊及其杂交改良后代群体的遗传结构及遗传亲缘关系。结果表明,波尔山羊与其杂交改良后代间特别是高代杂种间具有相似的多态基因座百分率、等位基因数和基因多样性。随着级进杂交改良代数的递增,高代杂种之间以及与改良亲本之间的群体遗传结构的差异逐渐缩小,群体间的基因分化降低,基因流动和遗传相似度增加,遗传距离缩小,高代杂种与波尔山羊间具有更近的遗传亲缘关系。 Abstract:The genetic structure and relationship of Boer goat and its upgrading offspring to Tangshan Diary goat were studied using the RAPD marker and some statistical program,such as POPGENE,PHYLIP and SPSS.The results indicated that there were the similar percentage of polymorphic loci,observed and effective number of alleles,gene diversity between Boer goat and its upgrading offspring,especially higher upgrading offspring.With the increasing of upgrading,the difference of population structure decreased as well as the genetic distance and differentiation among higher upgrading offspring and their improving parental,but gene flow and genetic identity increased.There was a close genetic relationship between higher upgrading offspring and Boer goat.     

The construction of a genetic linkage map of non-heading Chinese cabbage （Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino）

Non-heading Chinese cabbage （Brassica carnpestris ssp. chinensis Makino） is one of the most important vegetables in eastern China. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 127 doubled haploid （DH） lines, and the DH population was derived from a commercial hybrid ＂Hanxiao＂ （lines SW-13 x L-118）. Out of the 614 polyrnorphic markers, 43.49% were not assigned to any of the linkage groups （LGs）. Chi-square tests showed that 42.67% markers were distorted from expected Mendelian segregation ratios, and the direction of distorted segregation was mainly toward the paternal parent L-118. After sequentially removing the markers that had an interval distance smaller than 1 cM from the upper marker, the overall quality of the linkage map was increased. Two hundred and sixty-eight molecular markers were mapped into 10 LGs, which were anchored to the corresponding chromosome of the B. rapa reference map based on com- mon simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. The map covers 973.38 cM of the genome and the average interval distance between markers was 3.63 cM. The number of markers on each LG ranged from 18 （R08） to 64 （R07）, with an average interval distance within a single LG from 1.70 cM （R07） to 6.71 cM （R06）. Among these mapped markers, 169 were sequence-related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） molecular markers, 50 were SSR markers and 49 were random amplification polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers. With further saturation to the LG9 the current map offers a genetic tool for loci analysis for important agronomic traits.     

意蜂王浆生产性能形态学遗传标记的研究

测定19只工蜂头部咽下腺的两条腺体长度和重量,经生统t检验,发现同一工蜂的左、右两条咽下腺长度、重量差异都不显著（P＜0.05）。测定11群 "浙农大1号"意蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)的330只工蜂的头重、体重、头体重比、咽下腺小囊数和咽下腺长度。在2001年3月30日至4月26日浙江淳安的油菜和紫云英花期测定试验蜂群的王浆产量,分析工蜂头重、头体重比、咽下腺小囊数和咽下腺长度与每千克蜂的王浆产量之间的相关性,发现咽下腺长度与王浆产量的相关性最大,小囊数次之,咽下腺长度可作为意蜂王浆生产性能较理想的形态学遗传标记。 Abstract:The lengths of hypopharyngeal glands (HG) from the left and right side were determined in 19 workers of honeybee(Apis mellifera ligustica).There were no significant differences (P＜0.05) in length between the left and the right in one worker′s hypopharyngeal gland.Three hundred and thirty workers were collected from eleven colonies of "ZND No.1" Italian honeybee(Apis mellifera ligustica) respectively.Head weight,body weight,ratio between head weight and body weight,bursa number and length of hypopharyngeal gland(HG)were tested in these samples.Royal jelly productions were determined during the flowing period of rape and Chinese milk retch from March 30 to April 26 in Chun′an County of Zhejiang Province in 2001.The correlation analysis between royal jelly production and head weight,ratio between head weight and body weight,bursa number of HG,and length of HG were conducted.The correlation coefficient between royal jelly production and length of HG was the largest.The correlation coefficient between royal jelly production and bursa number was the second.It was suggested that the length of HG could be used as one of genetic markers for the production performance of royal jelly.     

陆地棉产量性状的遗传效应及其与环境互作的分析

本研究根据加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型, 分析了陆地棉10个杂交亲本和20个F1皮棉产量、单株铃数、单铃重、衣分和前期收花率的两年资料,估算了各项遗传方差分量和成对性状间各项遗传效应的相关。方差分析结果表明,衣分受基因型×环境互作效应影响较小,其它4个性状受基因型×环境互作影响较大,其中皮棉产量、单株铃数和前期收花率受显性×环境互作效应影响较大。遗传相关分析表明,皮棉产量与单株铃数、衣分和前期收花率加性相关系数值较大,皮棉产量与单株铃数、单铃重和前期收花率间存在较强的加性与环境互作负相关。皮棉产量与单株铃数、单铃重和前期收花率间存在显著的显性正相关,但与单株铃数、单铃重间存在显性与环境互作相关。 Abstract:Ten parents and their 20 F1s of upland cotton were analyzed for five yield traits in two years by a genetic model of additive-dominance with interaction effects.Genetic variance components and correlations were estimated.It was indicated that the gene by year effects interaction were small for lint percentage,but large for the other four traits,the dominance by year effects interaction were very large for lintvield,boll number and first picking percentage,especially.The additive correlation between lint yield with boll number,lint percentage and first picking percentage were significantly and high.The dominance correlations between lint yield and boll number,and between boll weight and first picking percentage were significantly too.The correlation of additive by year interaction between lint yield and boll number,boll weight and first picking percentage and those of dominance interaction by year between lint yield and boll number,boll weight were significant and large.The dominance correlation between boll number and boll weight were large too.     

Effect of Development Stage on the Artemisinin Content and the Sequence Characterized Amplified Region （SCAR） Marker of High-Artemisinin Yielding Strains of Artemisia annua L.

The effects of development states on the artemisinin content of clone S1 of Artemisia anuua L. grown in a greenhouse were investigated in the present study. The artemisinin content increased gradually during the phase of vegetative growth and reached its highest level at 8-9 mg/g dry weight （DW） when the S1 was 6 months old on a long day （LD） photoperiod. Treatment with 9-18 d of short day （SD） photoperiod resulted in the artemisinin content reaching and being maintained at a higher level （2.059-2.289 mg/g DW）, twofold that of control plants and plants of S1 presented at the pro-flower budding and flower-budding stages. The artemisinin content varied in different parts of the plant. The artemisinin content of leaves was higher than that of florets and branches. The artemisinin content in middle leaves was higher than that of bottom leaves, and then top leaves. Different densities of capitate glands （the storage organ of artemisinin） located on the surface of leaves, florets, and branches explained the variations in artemisinin content in these parts of the plant. The correlation coefficient between artemisinin content and density of capitate glands on the surface of different organs was 0.987. The genetic marker for artemisinin content was screened using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） and sequence characterized amplified region （SCAR） techniques. The random primer OPAl5 （5＇-TTCCGAACCC-3＇） could amplify a specific band of approximately 1 000 bp that was present in all high-artemisinin yielding strains, but absent in all low-yielding strains in three independent replications. This specific band was cloned and its sequence was analyzed. This RAPD marker was converted into a SCAR marker to obtain a more stable marker.     

New red flower germplasm lines of cotton selected from hybrid of Gossypium hirsutum × G. bickii

By means of dropping GA3 (50 ppm) and NAA (40 ppm) on the hybrid boll-embryo culture in vitro, one F1 plant of G. hirsutum G. bickii was obtained; when F1 branches were grafted on upland cotton and then back-crossed with upland cotton under short-day and cooler-night condition, some BC1 seeds could be harvested. The characteristic segregation was very violent in early generation. Through 3 times of back-crossing and selecting, ten stable hybrid lines with the character of both male parent (viz. red petal-purple spot and strong fibre) and female par-ent (plant type, earliness, white fibre, lint length, etc. ) were established. These lines were assigned as HB red flow-er lines (HBRL). Transference of character of G. bickii to upland cotton was proved to be successful for the first time. These new germplasms may play an important role in both the genetic research and new cotton variety breeding.     

我国主要地方绵羊品种随机扩增多态DNA研究

对蒙古羊、湖羊、滩羊、小尾寒羊、乌珠穆沁羊、藏绵羊、阿勒泰羊7个地方绵羊品种和无角陶赛特羊、德国美利奴羊、萨福克羊3个引入品种基因组DNA进行了RAPD分析。结果表明：（1）RAPD可作为一种有效的标记用于绵羊品种之间遗传亲缘关系的分析。（2）在所使用的43种随机引物中,有35种引物扩增出多态谱带,多态频率为66.24%,说明RAPD技术用于研究绵羊核DNA的遗传变异具有较高的检出率和灵敏度。（3）总群体平均遗传多样性指数（HSP）为0.9139,说明绵羊群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。（4）我国地方绵羊品种间的分子聚类关系与其所处的地理位置、考古学结果,以及细胞遗传学研究结果基本一致,引入品种间的分子聚类关系也与其育成史基本一致。 Abstract:The genetic polymorphism and relationship of 7 indigenous sheep breeds of China and 3 imported sheep breeds were studied using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).The results indicated that the RAPD was an effective marker for the analysis of genetic relationship among sheep breeds.Among 43 arbitrary primers,35 were polymorphic.The percentage of polymorphic markers was 66.24%,which indicated that the RAPD had higher efficiency of polymorphism detection and sensitivity in studying the genetic variation among sheep breeds.The average index of genetic polymorphism for whole population (Hsp) was 0.9139,which showed that the genetic polymorphism was abundant between sheep populations.The genetic relationship between different indigenous sheep breeds in China was in accord with their localities,the results from archeology and cytogenetics and the genetic relationship between imported sheep breeds was in accord with their breeding history.     

小麦耐盐突变体的分子生物学鉴定

利用F1花药培养、EMS诱变和耐盐性反复筛选后已稳定9代的小麦耐盐突变体RH8706-49、H8706-34、H8706-44、H8706-48、H8706-57及其亲本濮农3665、百农3039为材料,用生化标记（醇溶蛋白）及分子标记（RAPD）分析了各材料间的差异,发现突变体与亲本相比,不仅发生了蛋白质水平的变异,而且也在DNA水平上证明了突变的发生,从而为耐盐突变体的真实性提供了有力的证据,排除了盐适应的可能性; 经用218 个引物对5个突变体之间的多态性进行RAPD分析,结果表明,它们之间的差异很小,其遗传背景相似,因而它们是一系列耐盐性不同的近似等位基因系。 Abstract:　In this paper, 5 wheat salt tolerant mutants（H8706-34、H8706-44、H8706-48、RH8706-49、H8706-57）derived from anther culture、EMS induction and salt tolerance selection and their parents （Punong3665、Bainong3039）were used as materials, all the mutants have inherited stably for 9 generations. Differences were revealed between the mutants and their parents using chemical marker（gliadin）and molecular marker（RAPD）, the results showed that compared with the parents, the mutants varied not only on the protein level,but also on the DNA level,which supplied hard evidence of the truth of the mutants and ruled out the possibility of salt adaptation. RAPD analysis were conducted among the 5 mutants by 218 primers,which proved they were a series of near isogenic lines of different salt tolerance because of their little difference and similar genetic background.     

撒坝猪血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE), 对115头撒坝猪的血清酯酶(ES)多态性进行了检测,计算了该位点的基因型频率、基因频率和位点多态杂合度(h),并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,撒坝猪血清酯酶3种基因型AA、AB和BB的频率分别为0.2696、0.5826和0.1478。两个等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.5609和0.4391。该位点的杂合度为0.4926。在3种基因型中,不同基因型母猪的繁殖性能在产仔数、仔猪初生窝重、20日龄窝重、断奶仔猪数和断奶窝重等性状上存在着显著差异(P<0.05);公、母猪不同基因型交配组合在产仔数、断奶仔猪数、仔猪断奶体重和断奶窝重等性状上亦有显著差异(P<0.05)。显示出猪的血清酯酶多态性可望作为繁殖性能选种的遗传标记。 Abstract：　Serum esterase polymorphisms of 115 Saba pigs were investigated by using the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotype frequency, gene frequency and heterozygosity of this locus were calculated. The relationship between the serum esterase polymorphism and reproductive performance was analyzed by the least square analysis of two factors (ES genotype of boar and sow) with interaction. The results demonstrated that the genotype frequency of AA, ABandBBwas 0.2696, 0.5826 and 0.1478 respectively, the gene frequency of the alleleAandBwas 0.5609 and 0.4391 respectively. The heterozygosity of this locus was 0.4926. There are significant differences (P<0.05) on litter size, litter weight at birth, litter weight at 20 days, litter size at weaning and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic sows. The significant differences (P<0.05) were showed on litter size, litter size at weaning, weaning weight and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic mating combinations. It indicated that the serum esterase polymorphism was expected to be the genetic marker of pig reproductive performance.     

蛋鸡品系RAPD变异及其与杂种优势关系的分析

为探讨RAPD标记在家鸡杂种优势预测中的应用价值, 分析了力康白壳蛋鸡纯系的RAPD变异及其与杂种优势的关系。5个纯系内和系间显示出低水平的变异。根据品系间遗传距离DS用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,品系a、e、d聚为一类, 而h、l聚为另一类。简单线性相关分析表明,父系相似系数与F1代的60周龄产蛋数存在正相关而与蛋重的杂种优势率存在负相关;母系相似系数与产蛋数的杂种优势率存在高度负相关。但品系间遗传距离与各性状及其杂种优势率之间没有显著的相关关系。 Abstract　To assess the value of RAPD markers for the prediction of heterosis in chicken, analyses of data from a crossbreeding experiment and RAPD assays of 5 Leghorn white shell lines (a, d, e, h, l) were conducted. The RAPD showed a low level of variability within and among 5 lines. The dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA based on inter-line genetic distance (DS), which indicted that 5 lines were clustered into two groups: one consisting of line a, e, d, and the other line h, l. The above results were consistent with the pedigree information of the pure lines. By using linear correlation, it was shown that similarity coeffcient within paternal line was positively correlated with 60-week egg number and negatively correlated with the heterosis for egg weight, and that similarity index within maternal line was highly negatively correlated with the heterosis for egg number. However, no significant correlations between genetic distance and traits or their heterosis were found.     

The Functional Role of the Hollow Region of the Butterfly Pyrameis atalanta （L.） Scale

Questions concerning the functional role of the hollow region of the butterfly Pyrameis atalanta （L.） scale are experimentally investigated. Attention was initially directed to this problem by observation of the complex microstrucmre of the butterfly scale as well as other studies indicating higher lift on butterfly wings covered with scale. The aerodynamic forces were measured for two oscillating scale models. Results indicated that the air cavity of an oscillating model of the Pyrameis atalanta （L.） scale increased the lift by a factor of 1.15 and reduced the damping coefficients by a factor of 1.38. The modification of the aerodynamic effects on the model of butterfly scale was due to an increase of the virtual air mass, which influenced the body. The hollow region of the scale increased the virtual air mass by a factor of 1.2. The virtual mass of the butterfly scale with the hollow region was represented as the sum of air mass of two imaginary geometrical figures： a circular cylinder around the scale and a right-angled parallelepiped within the hollow region. The interaction mechanism of the butterfly Pyrameis atalanta （L.） scale with a flow was described. This novel interaction mechanism explained most geometrical features of the airpermeable butterfly scale （inverted V-profile of the ridges, nozzle of the tip edge, hollow region, and openings of the upper lamina） and their arrangement.     

Boldness is related to the development of the cephalic crest in the male of the river blenny Salariafluviatilis （Asso, 1801）

Boldness is defined as the tendency of an individual to take risks when exposed to novel objects or situations. The main aim of this work was to dilucidate if boldness was related to the development of the secondary sexual traits （SSTs） in the male of the fiver blenny Salariafluviatilis, a freshwater fish which takes care of eggs. As a second objective SSTs effect on pa rental status adoption was also be explored. Wild young fish were caught in the Segre River （Ebro basin） in November 2010. Fish were kept in five aquaria in groups of eight males and eight females with artificial nests. Boldness （boldness score and hesitancy） of males （initially with little SSTs development） was tested as the time required to exit a refuge when exposed to a new environ ment. Fish were mantained in the same aquaria for several months, and males＇ SSTs development and reproductive behaviour were monitored. Boldness score was negatively associated to cephalic crest development. Hesitancy was negatively related to male length and was also influenced by the interaction between male length and cephalic crest. Parental status acquisition was positively related to the male＇s length, marginally related to anal gland development, and nonrelated to cephalic crest. These re sults suggest an intrasexual role of the crest as an informative trait of boldness （honest signal） which might not necessarily be chosen by the females. It is also discussed that correlational selection could be responsible for linking boldness and growth rate in this species. Sexual selection, in addition to having directed the evolution of secondary sexual traits, might have favored certain personality traits （e.g. boldness） associated with the achievement of a larger body length .     

撒坝猪血清蛋白多态性及一些生产性状的关系

本文应用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）,对撒坝猪选育群第3世代（115头）、第5世代（136头）纯种猪的前白蛋白(Pa)、转铁蛋白(Tf)、酯酶(Es)、淀粉酶(Am)计4个位点进行了检测,并分析了其与一些生产性能的关系。结果表明：前白蛋白在4～6月龄日增重、6月龄体重,酯酶在初生活仔数,淀粉酶在4～6月龄日增重性状上分别呈现较为可靠的显著差异,有望成为这些性状的遗传标记,以用于标记辅助选择。同时,还就猪的世代选育对蛋白多态性及与其生产性能关系的影响进行了初步探讨。 Abstract:Serum protein polymorphism (including prealbumin.Pa,transferrin.Tf,esterase.Es,amylase.Am) of 251 Saba pigs (115 of third generation,136 of fifth generation) was investigated by the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the relationship of the genotypes and productive performances was analyzed.The results showed that the 4～6 months daily gains and the 6 months body weights of Pa,the alive litter size at birth of Es and the 4～6 months daily gains of Am were significant that were expected to be the reliable genetic markers in marker assisted selection.At the same time,preliminary analysis of the influence of systematic selection and breeding on serum protein polymorphism and its relationship to productive performances was also made in the present paper.     

撒坝猪血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能关系的研究

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(PAGE), 对115头撒坝猪的血清酯酶(ES)多态性进行了检测,计算了该位点的基因型频率、基因频率和位点多态杂合度(h),并用二因素有互作的最小二乘模型对血清酯酶多态性与繁殖性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明,撒坝猪血清酯酶3种基因型AA、AB和BB的频率分别为0.2696、0.5826和0.1478。两个等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0.5609和0.4391。该位点的杂合度为0.4926。在3种基因型中,不同基因型母猪的繁殖性能在产仔数、仔猪初生窝重、20日龄窝重、断奶仔猪数和断奶窝重等性状上存在着显著差异(P<0.05);公、母猪不同基因型交配组合在产仔数、断奶仔猪数、仔猪断奶体重和断奶窝重等性状上亦有显著差异(P<0.05)。显示出猪的血清酯酶多态性可望作为繁殖性能选种的遗传标记。 Abstract：　Serum esterase polymorphisms of 115 Saba pigs were investigated by using the method of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The genotype frequency, gene frequency and heterozygosity of this locus were calculated. The relationship between the serum esterase polymorphism and reproductive performance was analyzed by the least square analysis of two factors (ES genotype of boar and sow) with interaction. The results demonstrated that the genotype frequency of AA, ABandBBwas 0.2696, 0.5826 and 0.1478 respectively, the gene frequency of the alleleAandBwas 0.5609 and 0.4391 respectively. The heterozygosity of this locus was 0.4926. There are significant differences (P<0.05) on litter size, litter weight at birth, litter weight at 20 days, litter size at weaning and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic sows. The significant differences (P<0.05) were showed on litter size, litter size at weaning, weaning weight and litter weight at weaning of different genotypic mating combinations. It indicated that the serum esterase polymorphism was expected to be the genetic marker of pig reproductive performance.     

猪重要胴体性状的遗传定位

为了寻找影响猪重要胴体性状主基因在染色体的位置,我们以大白猪和梅山猪为父母本建立了F2资源家系。随机选留81头F2代个体,经屠宰获得猪胴体性状数据。结合家系个体的48个微卫星标记基因型,用线性模型最小二乘法对各胴体性状进行数量性状基因座（QTL）的区间定位。定位结果表明位于猪染色体（SSC）4号的瘦肉率和瘦肉量QTL达到基因组极显著水平;SSC1、2和4上眼肌面积QTL达到染色体显著水平;位于SSC1和4上的眼肌高度QTL与眼肌面积QTL在同一染色体区域;而眼肌宽度QTL位于SSC6;位于SSC7同一标记区间的皮重、皮率、骨重和骨率QTL表现出很好的一致性,均达到染色体显著水平。SSC6和7的体长QTL达到染色体显著水平。 Abstract: To detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body composition traits in pigs, a resource family with three-generation was developed by using Large White grand sires and Meishan grand dams. A total of 81 F2 progenies were phenotyped for body composition. All animals were genotyped for microsatellite markers. The main results are as follows:, the strongest linkages at genome-wise level of lean meat percentage and total meat content were detected on SSC1 and 4. QTLs for loin eye area were located on SSC1, 2 and 4, QTLs for loin eye height on SSC 1 and 4, and QTLs for loin eye width on SSC 6. The best positions estimated for QTLs of skin percentage and of skin weight were in the same marker interval. Two QTLs significant at genome-wise level or highly significant at chromosome-wide level for carcass length were located on SSC6 and 7.     

Genealogy and phylogeography of Cyprinid fish Labeo rohita （Hamilton, 1822） inferred from ATPase 6 and 8 mitochondrial DNA gene analysis

ATPase 6/8 gene （842 bp） of mitochondrial DNA was sequenced in Labeo rohita samples （n = 253） collected from nine rivers belonging to four river basins; Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra and Mahanadi. Analysis revealed 44 haplotypes with high haplotype diversity （Hd） 0.694 and low nucleotide diversity （π） 0.001. The within population variation was larger （83.44%） than among population differences （16.56%）. The mean Fsv value （0.166; P 〈 0.05） for overall populations revealed moderate level of genetic structuring in the wild L. rohita populations. The haplotype network presented a single clade for wild L. rohita population, from different rivers. Negative values for Fu＇s index （Fs）, mismatch distribution analysis indicated period of expansion in L. rohita population. The time after recent expansion was estimated for each population, between 0.042 to 0.167 mya. The pattern of Isolation by Distance （IBD） was not significant （r = -0.113, P 〈 0.287）, when all the sampling locations were compared （Mantel test）, however, when an outlier （Indus, Brahmaputra and Mahanadi） was removed from the whole population set, a clear positive correlation between pairwise Fsv and geographic distance （Km） was seen. The analysis of data demonstrated that ATPase6/8 gene polymorphism is a potential marker to understand genetic population structure of wild L. rohita existing in different rivers. The study identified population substructure in wild L. rohita with common ancestral origin [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 460--471, 2014].