Evolution,systematics, and natural history of a new genus of cryptobiotic fungus‐growing ants

Xerolitor , a new, monotypic genus of fungus‐growing ants, is described to accommodate the phylogenetically isolated, relict species Mycetosoritis explicatus Kempf. We also diagnose the male and the larva of Xerolitor explicatus (Kempf) comb.n. and report ecological observations for the species, including nest architecture and foraging behaviour. Xerolitor explicatus comb.n. inhabits the dry habitats of the Brazilian Cerrado and the Bolivian and Paraguayan Gran Chaco. Bayesian multilocus phylogenetic analyses indicate that X. explicatus comb.n. is, contrary to some prior hypotheses, a member of the ‘higher’ fungus‐growing ants and the sister taxon of the genus Sericomyrmex Mayr. Results from phylogenetic analyses of the fungal cultivar grown by X. explicatus comb.n. in Paraguay, as well as the presence of gongylidia, indicate that the fungal mutualist is a member of the clade of higher fungal cultivar species and that it is probably the same species cultivated by some Trachymyrmex Forel and Sericomyrmex species.     

Ighermia, a new genus of the Asteraceae – Inuleae

An aberrant species of the genus Asteriscus (Asteraceae–Inuleae), A. pinifolius from SW Morocco, is here proposed to be removed and placed in a separate, monotypic genus Ighermia. The systematic position and morphology of the new genus are also discussed.     

A revision of genus Atalophlebioides (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)

Abstract

Atalophlebioides Phillips is redescribed as a monotypic genus endemic to New Zealand. All life stages of A. cromwelli (Phillips) are described, and a lectotype is designated. The relationships of the genus and the ecology of A. cromwelli are discussed.     

THE MORPHOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF BARBEYA OLEOIDES

Barbeya, a monotypic genus of dioecious, arborescent dicotyledonous plants from northeast Africa and adjacent Arabia, is usually regarded as having affinities within the Urticales. It is placed either in the Ulmaceae or segregated as a closely related, monotypic family. Leaves are opposite, exstipulate, and vascularized by a single, crescent-shaped trace from a unilacunar node. Wood anatomy indicates specialization at about the same level as other Urticales. Sieve tube elements of the secondary phloem exhibit highly oblique, compound sieve plates which indicate a low level of evolutionary advancement. The vascularity of the flower is described and compared with other Urticales. Pollen is tricolporate. The relationships of the genus to Moraceae, Ulmaceae, Urticaceae, and Eucommiaceae are discussed. The totality of anatomical and morphological evidence supports the retention of the family Barbeyaceae.     

Wajira gen. et sp. nov. (Leguminosae) from Kenya

Wajira albescens Thulin (Leguminosae–Papilionoideae–Phaseoleae–Phaseolinae) is described as a new monotypic genus confined to the arid bushlands of E Kenya.     

中国单种属大型担子菌及其地理分布

中国大型担子菌单种属113个,隶属于48科,10目,其中一部分是世界单种属,另一部分为中国境内目前只报道一个种的属。单种属的分类学地位独特,区系分布上也表现出一定的特点。因此,单种属的亲缘关系和菌物地理学研究具有重要的理论意义。     

Siamanthus, a new genus of Zingiberaceae from Thailand

The monotypic genus Siamanthus gen. nov. (Zingiberaceae) and the species Siamanthus siliquosus sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The origin and relationships are discussed.     

The Chromodorididae (Opisthobranchia: Mollusca) of the Indo-West Pacific: Chromodoris epicuria, C. aureopurpurea, C. annulata, C. coi and Risbecia tryoni colour groups

Twenty-five species of chromodorid nudibranchs from the Indo-West Pacific are described including nine which are new to science. There are six new species of Chromodoris , two of Nounea and a new species which forms the type of a new monotypic genus. Of the other species discussed in this paper, ten are species of Chromodoris , five Risbecia and one Digidentis. Species with the following colour patterns are discussed: white with orange or yellow spots; white with yellow (or orange) and purple spots; white with purple spots or patches and mantle border; white with a sinuous submarginal brown band. A full review of the relevant literature is included as is a discussion on Indian Ocean and West Pacific species pairs.     

中国水蕨属孢子形态及其系统学意义的研究

利用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术对我国产水蕨属2种的孢子形态进行了观察,对2种的形态结构进行了描述。本属孢子是同型孢子蕨类植物中最大的孢子,三裂缝,肋状纹饰,由外壁形成纹饰的轮廓;具较薄的周壁,在高倍放大的情况下呈颗粒或杆状,我们从孢子形态角度,支持水蕨作为一个独立的科,它与海金沙科的非洲蕨属（Mohria)的亲缘关系较近,是介于海金沙科和裸子蕨科之间蕨群。     

A taxonomic and biological review of the tetramoriine ant genus Rhoptromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Available data on the tetramoriine ant genus Rhoptromyrmex Mayr are reviewed. The genus is redefined for all castes and the monotypic genus Hagioxenus Forel, formerly placed in the Monomorium-group , is synonymized with Rhoptromyrmex. A new species (caritus) is described from Uganda and keys to known workers, females and males are presented. Nest founding by the females, two of which appear autoparasitic and two of which are inquilines, is discussed and the evolutionary pathway of inquilines reviewed. Current taxonomic data on all species are summarized.     

Archakebia—A New Genus of Lardizabalaceae from China

The monotypic genus Archakebia from China is described as new．The genus shares many characters with members of the genus Akebia,except sepals 6,lanceolate or linear,which are common in members of the genus Stauntonia．     

长萼木通属——木通科一新属

缺瓣牛姆瓜Holboellia apetala Q．Xia,J．Z.Suen et Z．X．Peng在一系列特征上与牛姆瓜属Holboellia植物不同,不应隶属于该属,而代表了一个未被描述过的新属—长萼木通属。新属在茎、叶、果实和花的大部分特征上与木通属Akebia相似,但花萼特征又与野木瓜属Stauntonia接近,其系统位置介于这两个属之间,并偏于前者。     

Silvorchis vietnamica (Orchidaceae,Orchidoideae, Vietorchidinae), a new miniature mycotrophic species from southern Vietnam

A second species of Silvorchis, until now considered to be a presumably extinct monotypic genus endemic to western Java has been discovered in southern Vietnam. The species, here named as S. vietnamica, is described and illustrated, with data on its distribution, ecology, phenology and estimated conservation status. A key for identification of the two known species of the genus is also provided. The taxonomic affinities and phylogenetic placement of the newly discovered plant are briefly discussed.     

中国肿足蕨科一新记录属——翼囊蕨属（英文）

报道了中国肿足蕨科一新记录属——翼囊蕨属(Didymochlaena Desv.)。该属为泛热带分布的单型属,在中国为首次记录。本文结合原始文献对该属及其折囊蕨种的特征进行了详细描述。     

Systematic Studies in Czernaevia Turcz. (Umbelliferae)

Czernaevia Turcz. is a monotypic genus in the Umbelliferae, tribe Peucedaneae, with the only species Cz. laevigata Turcz. occurring in northern East Asia. Although the species has often been included in Angelica L., and sometimes even in Ostericum Hoffm., the present study indicates that it is distinct not only in having dimorphic petals, but also in its fruit structure, pollen morphology and phytochemical components. The fruit has numerous, compressed vittae, the pollen grains are not constricted at the equatorial region with a small P/E ratio (1.7-2.1), and neither coumarins nor flavonoids have been found to be present at significant level in the species. It is taxonomically probably rather isolated and the monotypic genus Czernaevia is tenable.