光质对水稻幼苗蛋白质、氨基酸含量的影响

蓝光对水稻幼苗可溶性蛋白积累的促进效应,在幼苗生长的初期比较明显;第５天,幼苗的可溶性蛋白质、蛋白氮、非蛋白氮以及Ａｓｐ、Ａｓｎ、Ｇｌｕ、Ｇｌｎ等游离氨基酸含量都远远高于白光或红光的处理。随着苗龄的增加,蓝光的促进作用减弱,到第１７天,各项指标都低于白光处理的幼苗。红光处理的幼苗可溶性蛋白始终低于白光或蓝光的处理,其Ａｓｎ、Ｇｌｎ两种酰胺含量在第１０天以后明显高于同期的白光或蓝光的处理。     

不同光质对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

光质可影响植物光合特性、形态以及生理过程。本试验研究了不同光质(白光W、红光R、红蓝混合光RB、蓝光B)对桑树植株生长、形态和光合作用的影响。结果表明:与白光对照相比,红光、蓝光和红蓝混合光处理下植株的生长、干物质积累受到抑制;红光处理下植株的株高、叶面积显著高于白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理;而白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的LMA、叶绿素a/b比值、可溶性蛋白含量、蔗糖、淀粉含量和叶片总N含量显著高于红光处理;红蓝混合光处理下植株的Pn、Gs、ΦPSⅡ与白光处理相近,红光、蓝光处理下植株的Pn、ΦPSⅡ低于白光、红蓝混合光处理,同时红光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的抗氧化酶活性高于白光处理,而MDA含量低于白光处理;红光处理下植株的叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度显著小于白光处理。因此,一定比例的红蓝混合光可以使桑树植株的生长、光合特性、生理特征和叶片解剖结构与白光下生长植株相近,并减少单质红光、单质蓝光对植株生长发育的不利影响。     

LED光质对茄子果实品质及抗氧化能力的影响

采用发光二极管(LED)精量调制光质和光强,以白光为对照,研究红光、蓝光和红蓝组合光对‘布利塔’长茄果实品质、抗氧化能力及产量的影响.结果表明: 蓝光处理下,茄子果肉中可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和茄皮中花青素含量显著高于其他处理,分别比对照高15.1%、27.2%和73.6%,但果肉中类黄酮、总酚含量及产量显著低于其他处理;红光处理下,茄皮中类黄酮含量显著高于其他处理,但果肉中维生素C(Vc)和可溶性蛋白含量显著低于其他处理;红蓝组合光处理下,果肉中可溶性糖及茄皮中总酚、红色素、黄色素含量、总抗氧化能力以及产量均显著高于其他处理,其中茄皮中总抗氧化能力及产量分别比对照高43.5%和43.4%;而白光处理下,果肉中Vc、类黄酮和总酚含量及总抗氧化能力最高.茄皮中总酚及果肉中Vc含量与其总抗氧化能力呈显著正相关.设施栽培条件下,适当补充蓝光或红光均有利于改善茄子部分品质,红蓝组合光更有利于改善茄皮品质与产量形成.     

LED光质对番茄幼苗生长及内源性GA和IAA含量的影响

采用发光二极管调制光谱能量分布,以荧光灯为对照,研究不同光质(红光、蓝光、黄光、绿光)下番茄幼苗生理特性及内源性GA和IAA水平与其生长的关系。结果表明:(1)红光和蓝光有利于番茄幼苗茎的伸长和叶面积的增加。(2)除蓝光处理下可溶性糖含量和SOD活性与对照无显著性差异外,各单色光质处理下番茄幼苗根系活力、色素含量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量、SOD活性较对照均显著降低。(3)与对照相比,各单色光质处理下番茄幼苗叶片中GA含量显著降低,IAA含量在红光下显著升高,在黄光和绿光下显著降低,且叶面积与IAA含量呈显著正相关关系。(4)番茄幼苗茎中GA和IAA含量在红光和蓝光处理下显著高于对照和黄、绿光处理,且株高与茎中GA和IAA含量呈正相关关系。     

光质对水稻幼苗初级氮同化的影响

用滤光膜过滤蓝色或红色荧光灯,得到纯的蓝光和红光,以白光为对照,研究不同光质对水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）幼苗初级氮同化的影响。结果表明：蓝光促进水稻黄化幼苗吸收ＮＯ＾－３含量,并促进ＮＲ（硝酸还原酶）的诱导。在蓝光下生长５￣７ｄ的幼苗的ＮＲ、ＮＩＲ（亚硝酸还原酶）、ＧＳ（谷氨酰胺合成酶）和ＧＯＧＡＴ（谷氨酸合酶）活性均高于白光下生长的,但第１０天以后,白光下生长的幼苗酶活性最高。与白光     

光质对水稻幼苗超弱发光和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的影响

生长在不同光质下的水稻幼苗叶片的超弱发光（ＵＢＥ）随着其生长进程不断增强,光质对ＵＢＥ有显著影响,生长在白光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ明显高于生长在红光或蓝光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ,而红光和蓝光处理之间无显著差异．同时谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）活性变化也是白光处理的水稻幼苗ＧＳ活性明显高于红光和蓝光处理,而后两者之间也无显著差异．表明光质对水稻幼苗ＵＢＥ和ＧＳ活性的影响是相似的,可能与叶绿体的发育和光合作用有关．讨论了超弱发光的生物学应用前景．     

光质对水稻幼苗超弱发光和谷氨酸胺合成酶活性的影响

生长在不同光质下的水稻幼苗叶片的超弱发光随着其生长进程不断增强,光质对ＵＢＥ有显著影响,生长在白光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ明显高于生长在红光或蓝光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ,而红光和蓝光处理之间无显著差异。     

新型光源LED辐射的不同光质配比光对菊花组培苗生长的影响

采用新型光源LED辐射的红光[R,(658±20)nm]、远红光[Fr.(715±20)nm]和蓝光[B,(460±20)nm],观测不同红光/远红光(R/Fr)和红光/蓝光(R/B)配比光对菊花组培苗生长的影响.试验结果表明:红光处理的植株最高,根较长.远红光和蓝光处理的植株矮小,根短细.类胡萝卜素含量与R/Fr比率呈负相关,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a b)、类胡萝卜素含量与R/B比率也呈负相关.叶绿素a/b比值与R/Fr和R/B比率呈正相关.红光有利于可溶性糖和淀粉的积累,降低色素含量.而蓝光能够逆转此效应,可促进色素和可溶性蛋白的合成.红光和蓝光组合处理的叶中可溶性糖和淀粉含量以及根系活力均高于白光处理的,尤以高R/B配比光处理的组培苗生长健壮,移栽成活率最高.     

不同光质对木荷、杉木幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响

以南方主要造林树种木荷和杉木幼苗为试验材料,研究了红光、蓝光和白光处理对幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,木荷幼苗叶片初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)和稳态荧光(Ft)均以白光最高,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ的天线转换效率(Fv'/Fm')均以白光最高,蓝光次之,红光最低。与白光处理相比,蓝光处理增强木荷幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,红光和蓝光降低过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,增强过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量。杉木幼苗叶片Fo和Ft以红光最高,Fm和Fv以白光最高,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和Fv'/Fm'均以白光最高,蓝光次之,红光最低。不同处理间杉木幼苗叶片SOD、CAT活性和MDA含量均无显著差异,而POD活性差异显著,以白光处理最高。光质对2种树种幼苗的生长均具有调控作用,其中红光和蓝光处理均造成木荷和杉木幼苗叶片的潜在活力发生不同程度的下降,造成光胁迫,同时破坏幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统的平衡,不利于幼苗生长。     

CONSTANS-LIKE 7过量表达降低白光和蓝光下拟南芥幼苗花青素及叶绿素的含量

以拟南芥野生型(WT)、突变体col7、以及COL7过量表达转基因株系COL7-OX-10和COL7-OX-11为实验材料,观察比较了白光、红光以及蓝光下,生长在MS培养基上的幼苗表型,以及蓝光下生长在0、100 mmol/LNaCl MS培养基上的幼苗表型。结果发现,过量表达株系幼苗在白光和蓝光下出现黄化现象,并且NaCl处理导致蓝光下幼苗黄化现象更加严重。检测幼苗的花青素及叶绿素的含量,发现白光和蓝光下,过量表达株系幼苗中花青素和叶绿素的含量明显降低,其中蓝光下生长在含100 mmol/L NaCl的MS培养基上幼苗的花青素和叶绿素含量下降尤为明显,表明COL7可能参与调控花青素和叶绿素的合成,并依赖于蓝光。     

光质对水稻幼苗初级氮同化的影响

Pure blue(BL) or red light (RL) were obtained by filtering blue or red fluorescent lamp light through plastic filters. With the same intensity of white light(WL) as control, the effects of light quality on the primary nitrogen assimilation of rice seedlings were studied. Irradiation for 2-6 h with BL promoted the uptake of NO-3, the induction of nitrate reductase (NR), and the increase of the NO-3 content in the etiolated seedlings.Seedlings grown under BL for 5-7 d had higher activities of NR, NIR (nitrite reductase) GOGAT (glutamate synthase) as well as GS (glutamine synthetase) than those under WL. However, for more than 10 days under BL, the levels of these enzymes became lower than those of the seedlings under WL. Compared with BL or WL, RL was less effective on the primary nitrogen assimilation.     

光质对番茄和莴苣幼苗生长及叶绿体超微结构的影响

采用发光二极管(LED)精确调制不同光谱能量分布,以荧光灯光照为对照,研究光质对番茄和莴苣幼苗生长及叶绿体超微结构的影响.结果表明：红光下番茄、莴苣幼苗的可溶性糖、淀粉和碳水化合物含量均显著高于对照,叶片叶绿体中淀粉粒膨大显著;蓝光极显著抑制了番茄下胚轴伸长,显著提高了莴苣和番茄幼苗叶片叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量;红蓝光下莴苣幼苗叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉、碳水化合物、蔗糖含量和C/N均达到最大值且显著高于红光处理,番茄和莴苣幼苗的主根显著伸长,幼苗叶片中叶绿体形态正常,基粒增多,基质片层清晰,淀粉粒体积明显小于红光处理.光质对植物幼苗的光形态建成、生长、碳氮代谢及叶绿体发育有显著影响;红光下光合产物积累显著但运输受阻严重,在红光中添加适量蓝光更有利于莴苣幼苗的碳水化合物积累,并可促进幼苗根系生长,有利于同化产物输出.     

光质与补光对水稻幼苗生长及光合速率的影响

测定水稻成龄离体叶片在波长380～800nm下的透射率,推算其吸收光谱;在培养室内,观测水稻幼苗在蓝(475±5nm)、黄(585±5nm)、红(660±5nm)色的半导体(LED)和普通日光灯下的生长状况,每天照光12h;同时,在大棚中将刚萌发的水稻幼苗白天自然日照,每晚(18:00～24:00)人工补蓝、红、黄、白光各0、2、4、6h,定期观测其生长情况,在补光50d后测成龄叶片的光合曲线。结果发现:水稻叶片在波长400～500nm之间及680nm附近有较强吸收;在不同光质下进行培养,单波蓝光对水稻幼苗的生长最好;补光对水稻幼苗生长均有促进作用,其中补白光4h效果最明显,其次是补黄光2h;补蓝光2、4h和补白光4h提高植株的光合能力。     

Changes in Chlorophyll a/b Ratio and Products of CO(2) Fixation by Algae Grown in Blue or Red Light

Chlamydomonas and Chlorella were grown for 10 days in white light. 955 μw/cm² blue light (400-500 mμ) or 685 μw/cm² red light (above 600 mμ). Rates of growth in blue or red light were initially slow, but increased over a period of 5 days until normal growth rates were reestablished. During this adaptation period in blue light, total chlorophyll per volume of algae increased 20% while the chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased. In red light no change was observed in the total amount of chlorophyll or in the chlorophyll a/b ratio. After adaptation to growth in blue light and upon exposure to ¹⁴CO₂ with either blue or white light for 3 to 10 minutes, 30 to 36% of the total soluble fixed ¹⁴C accumulated in glycolate-¹⁴C which was the major product. However, with 1 minute experiments, it was shown that phosphate esters of the photosynthetic carbon cycle were labeled before the glycolate. Glycolate accumulation by algae grown in blue light occurred even at low light intensity. After growth of the algae in red light, ¹⁴C accumulated in malate, aspartate, glutamate and alanine, whereas glycolate contained less than 3% of the soluble ¹⁴C fraction.     

不同波长光照对罗汉果光合及生长影响

罗汉果试管苗在不同波长的LED(半导体)蓝(475±5nm)、黄(585±5nm)、红(660±5nm)及普通日光灯下培养,25d后观测发现,其外观的优劣依次为:蓝光>白光>红光>黄光;植株重量:蓝光>红光>黄光>白光;蓝光和白光下的植株叶大、色绿,植株矮壮,侧芽多;红光和黄光下的植株叶小、色黄绿,植株高、细、弯曲、节间长。测定罗汉果成熟叶片的吸收光谱,发现在波长380~500nm及660~680nm处有较强吸收。不同的光质下测定成熟叶片光合速率,大小依次为:红光>蓝光>白光>黄光。上述的各项试验表明,蓝光对罗汉果幼苗生长发育最好;红光和蓝光为成熟叶片光合作用的最佳光源。     

Oak Seedlings Grown in Different Light Qualities

Seedlings of oak (Quercus robur) were germinated in darkness for 3 weeks and then given continuous light or short pulses of light (5–8 min every day). The morphological development was followed during 25 days. In continuous white, blue, and red light the stem growth terminated after about 10 days by formation of a resting bud. At that time the seedlings were about 100 mm high. In con tinuous long wavelength farred light (wavelength longer than 700 nm) the stem growth including leaf formation was continuous without the formation of resting buds, and the stem length was about 270 mm after 25 days. The number of nodes developed became twice that of the seedlings grown in while light. The leaves became well developed in all light colours, but leaf areas were largest in plants cultivated in white light. Compared to dark grown seedlings the mean area per leaf was increased about five times in continuous long wavelength far red light. A supplement with short (5 min) pulses of red light each day increased the leaf area up to 20 times. The stem elongation showed a high energy reaction response, i.e. the stem length increased only in continuous long wavelength far-red light but was not influenced by short pulses of red light or far-red light. The leaf expansion, however, was increased by short pulses of red light with a partial reversion of the effect by a subsequent pulse of far-red light. The fraction of the plant covered with periderm was higher in plants given continuous light. In respect to periderm inhibition continuous long wavelength far red light was the most effective. The transfer of seedlings from darkness to continuous white light gave anthocyanin formation in the stem 10–20 mm below the apex. This formation took place in the cortex and was evident in plants grown in darkness or under short pulses of light. Plants grown in continuous red, blue or long wavelength Far red light showed only traces of anthocyanin.     

Effects of blue and red light on expression of nuclear genes encoding chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Arabidopsis thaliana.

We have characterized the effects of different light spectra on expression of the nuclear genes (GapA and GapB) encoding chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Steady-state mRNA levels for both genes in etiolated seedlings increased after a short exposure to red or blue light. However, these increases could not be reversed by immediate far-red light following the initial light treatment. In mature plants, a short light pulse, regardless of its spectrum, had no apparent effect on GapA or GapB mRNA levels in dark-adapted plants. In contrast, continuous exposure to red, blue, or white light resulted in increases of GapA and GapB mRNA levels, with blue and white light being far more efficient than red light. Similarly, continuous exposure of etiolated seedlings to red, blue, or white light also resulted in increased GapA and GapB mRNA levels. In addition, we show that illumination of red light-saturated Arabidopsis plants with continuous blue light results in further increases of GapA and GapB mRNA levels. Based on these results, we conclude that both blue light photoreceptor- and phytochrome-mediated pathways are involved in light regulation of GapA and GapB genes in Arabidopsis, with blue light acting as the dominant regulator.     

Photocontrol of Growth, and of Anthocyanin and Chlorogenic Acid Production in Cultured Callus Tissues of Haplopappus gracilis

Cultures of dark-grown Haplopappus callus (strain AI) were exposedto continuous blue, green, red, far-red, and white light for33 days at energy levels of approximately 10 J m^-2s^-1. Growthwas suppressed in all but far-red. Blue had the greatest suppressiveeffect, green the least; red and white were about equally effective.Mean cell generation times were increased from 8–8 days(dark control) to 12.5 days in red light and 20.5 days in blue.There was a slight increase in mean wet weight per cell in bluelight but a slight decrease in red, whereas there was almosta twofold increase in mean dry weight per cell in blue and littlechange in red. In contrast, far-red stimulated growth; the meancell generation time was reduced to 6–5 days and therewas little change in wet or dry weight per cell. Anthocyanin synthesis was promoted by all wavebands except far-red.Blue had the greatest effect, then white, red, and green inthat order. In blue light the pigments accumulated rapidly,but only during the early stages of culture. The maximum amountper cell was attained after 7 days and thereafter the valuesdeclined. In red, however, the pigments accumulated relativelyslowly, and the maximum cell content was not attained until22 days; the amount attained was less than half that attainedin blue light. Initially, the ratio of cyanidine-3-glucosideto cyanidine-3-rutinoside exceeded 5.0 in blue light, but theratio fell to almost unity with time. This probably reflecteda rapid initial synthesis of the glucoside accompanied by asteady conversion to the rutinoside. Blue light was also more effective than red in acceleratingchlorogenic acid production. The response to blue light occurredafter the initial rise in anthocyanins and continued for therest of the culture period. The data are discussed in relation to similar high-energy photoresponsesreported for intact systems.