H5N1禽流感病毒对C57BL／6小鼠的致病性研究

本试验利用虎源H5N1禽流感病毒对6～8周龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠进行滴鼻感染,观测小鼠临床症状和组织病理变化,于感染后第3d和第5d每组分别处死3只小鼠,测定肺、脑、脾、肾、肝组织中的病毒含量;并测定该病毒对C57BL/6小鼠的MLD50。结果表明感染小鼠出现精神不振、体重下降、支气管炎和间质性肺炎为主的临床症状和病理变化;测得感染后小鼠肺脏中病毒拷贝数和病毒滴度最高,其次是脑、肾、脾、肝等组织;该病毒对C57BL/6小鼠的MLD50为10-6.5/0.05mL。此研究成功进行了H5N1禽流感病毒对C57BL/6小鼠的感染,可以作为感染模型进行H5N1禽流感病毒的发病机制、疫苗评价、药物筛选等研究。     

Role of C/EBP-β, p38 MAPK, and MKK6 in IL-1β-mediated C3 gene regulation in astrocytes

Complement component C3, the central player in the complement cascade and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is expressed by activated glial cells and may contribute to neurodegeneration. This study examines the regulation of the expression of C3 by IL-1β in astroglial cells focusing on the role of the upstream kinase MKK6, p38-α MAPK, and C/EBP-β isoforms (LAP1, LAP2, or LIP) in astroglial cells. Activation of human astroglial cell line, U373 with IL-1β, led to the induction of C3 mRNA and protein expression as determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. This induction was suppressed by the pharmacological inhibitor of p38 MAPK (i.e., SB202190-HCl), suggesting the involvement of p38 MAPK in C3 gene expression. IL-1β also induced C3 promoter activity in U373 cells in a MAP kinase- and C/EBP-β-dependent manner. Cotransfection of C3 luciferase reporter construct with constitutively active form of the upstream kinase in the MAP kinase cascade, that is, MKK6 (the immediate upstream activator of p38 kinase) resulted in marked stimulation of the promoter activity, whereas overexpression of a dominant negative forms of MKK6 and p38α MAPK inhibited C3 promoter activity. Furthermore, a mutant form of C/EBP-β, LAP(T235A) showed reduction in IL-1β-mediated C3 promoter activation. These results suggest that the p38α, MAPK, and MKK6 play prominent roles in IL-1β and C/EBP-β-mediated C3 gene expression in astrocytes.     

C57BL／6J小鼠ES细胞系的建立及其特性分析

本文报道从C57BL/6J个鼠的囊胚中,建立了三个ES细胞系MESPU17,MESPU18,MESPU19。这些细胞的细胞学特征和强AKP反应,表明这三个细胞系具有干细胞的特征。这三个细胞系均为XY型,正常二倍体核型分别占70％、88％和59％。体外分化可形成简单类胚,体内分化可形成瘤块。与国际上通用的CCE和来自129/ter的ES细胞MESPU13相比,这三个细胞系的ES细胞较大;在体外培养时,生长较慢;细胞也较粘,进行显微注射时,很容易粘在注射针壁上。MESPU17,MESPU18进行了嵌合体制作,以BALB/c和昆明鼠的囊胚为受体,采用囊胚注射法未获嵌合体,但使用昆阴鼠的8细胞胚注射法和共培养法得到嵌合体。     

博来霉素诱导G57BL/6与ICR小鼠肺间质纤维化模型的比较

目的探讨C57BL/6与ICR小鼠在博来霉素(BLM)致肺纤维化过程中的种属差异。方法 8周龄雌性C57BL/6小鼠19只,ICR小鼠16只,分别经尾静脉一次性注射BLM150mg/kg,观察每组小鼠体重、生存率及肺组织病理改变。结果①C57BL/6与ICR小鼠最低体重分别发生在静脉注射处置后的7d和5d,最低体重分别为注射前的65.46%和73.21%,两组间无显著的统计学差异。②C57BL/6与ICR小鼠的生存率分别为36.84%和56.25%,两组间存在显著的统计学差异。③C57BL/6小鼠BLM注射后28d,在胸膜下及血管周围形成广泛、稳定的间质纤维化病理改变,而ICR小鼠肺组织未见明显纤维化形成。C57BL/6小鼠肺纤维化病理评分明显高于ICR小鼠(P0.001)。结论 BLM诱导的肺纤维化作用在C57BL/6与ICR小鼠间存在着明显的种属差异。C57BL/6小鼠较ICR小鼠更适于复制博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化动物模型。     

Decreased interferon-alpha production and impaired regulatory function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells induced by the hepatitis C virus NS 5 protein

pDC are known to produce large amount of IFN-alpha/beta in response to viruses, and act as a major link between the innate and adaptive immune response. This study concentrated on the interaction of human peripheral blood derived pDC with HCV NS3, NS4, and NS5 proteins, and their maturation, cytokine secretion and functional properties. It was shown that HCV NS5 interferes with CD40L induced maturation of pDC as indicated by decreased expression of CD83 and CD86 markers. CpG ODN stimulated HCV NS3 and NS5 treated pDC showed decreased production of IFN-alpha. In the case of NS3, IFN-alpha production was reduced to 126 pg/ml as compared to 245 pg/ml in controls (P < 0.01), and with NS5, IFN-alpha production was reduced to 92 pg/ml as compared to 238 pg/ml in controls (P < 0.05). In the presence of HCV NS5, the T cell stimulatory capacity of pDC was impaired, as indicated by decreased proliferation of T cells, and decreased production by the T cells of IFN-gamma, which were down to 86 pg/ml as compared to 260 pg/ml in controls (P < 0.05). These results suggest that HCV NS5 impairs pDC function and is in agreement with several other in vivo studies indicating decreased numbers of, and dysfunctional pDC, in chronic HCV infected patients.     

Transglutaminase 3 expression in C57BL／6J mouse embryo epidermis and the correlation with its differentiation

Epidermal-type transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) is involved in the cross-linking of structural proteins to form the cornified envelope in the epidermis. In the present study, we detected the expression of TGM3 in the mouse embryo using RT-PCR.TGM3 mRNA is weakly presented from E11.5 to E14.5 and increases significantly from E15.5 to birth. Then we determined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of TGM3 in the skin and other organs by in situ hybridization. We found a deprivation of TGM3 in skin at E11.5, while a rich supply in periderm cells and a weak expression in basal cells from E12.5 to E14.5. From the period of E15.5 to E16.5, after keratinization in the epidermis, TGM3 was expressed in the granular and cornified layers. The electron microscopic observation of the C57BL/6J mouse limb bud skin development provided several morphological evidences for the epidermal differentiation. The above findings suggest that the expression of TGM3 plays a important role in the epidermis differentiation in embryogenesis.     

利用CRISPR-Cas9敲除Tyr基因制作白化C57BL/6N小鼠

目的 为了获得白化的C57BL/6N小鼠,扩大其在皮肤移植和胚胎干细胞方面研究中的应用。方法 通过体外设计合成Cas9 mRNA和系列sgRNA(single guide RNAs),注射到小鼠的受精卵内,破坏合成C57BL/6N小鼠黑色素生成必须的酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)基因序列的第1和第2外显子,产生基因突变,获得F0代白化的C57BL/6N小鼠,然后经过重复回交和自交,形成白化C57BL/6N小鼠近交系。结果 经过注射两对sgRNA,成功的获得了F0代的白化小鼠,在Tyr基因的第1和第2外显子中均发生了缺失突变,小鼠可以将突变基因传递给后代,并在其后代中产生了纯合的白色C57BL/6N小鼠,最后对白化小鼠突变类型进行了分析。结论 通过CRISPR-Cas9技术破坏了小鼠Tyr基因,成功地建立了白化C57BL/6N小鼠近交系,为将来的嵌合体制作、组织移植提供了新的研究工具。     

Infectivity of preserved Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for immunosuppressed adult mice

Abstract The present study was undertaken to determine the infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for immunosup-pressed adult C57BL/6N mice after the oocysts had been stored from 1–48 months at 4°C in 2.5% potassium dichromate. All mice inoculated with oocysts 1–18 months old developed patent infections, while mice inoculated with older oocysts remained uninfected. The prepatent period was extended from 2 to 6 or 7 days as the storage time for oocysts increased. The finding that C. parvum oocysts remain infective for mice for at least 18 months offers important economic and time-saving advantages for investigators who frequently require large numbers of oocysts that must be painstakingly purified from calf manure.     

Stability of recombinant bovine interferon-γ antiviral activity in the absence of stabilizing additives

The stability of recombinant bovine interferon-γ (rbIFN-γ) produced by a baculovirus expression system was investigated under different storage conditions: freezing-thawing and storage for 30 days at temperatures of -80, 4, 25, and 37°C. Antiviral activity was not significantly decreased by freeze-thawing at least five times. Furthermore, although not statistically different, antiviral activity gradually decreased as temperature increased. These findings suggest that rbIFN-γ possesses high thermal and freeze-thaw stability.     

从C57BL/6J小鼠胚胎中分离ES细胞系(英文)

ＥＳ细胞（ＥｍｂｒｙｏｎｉｃＳｔｅｍＣｅｌｓ）是来源于小鼠早期胚胎的细胞系,它可以在体外大量培养而不失去其发育的多潜能性。ＥＳ细胞不仅可以用来制作转基因动物,而且能够作为载体进行基因打靶等多种研究。目前,国际上常用的胚胎干细胞系都是来源于１２９小鼠的胚胎。因而,有必要探讨用其它品系小鼠建立ＥＳ系。１９９１年,Ｌｅｄｅｒｍａｎｎ等人首次报道从Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ小鼠胚胎中建成了ＥＳ细胞系,但是没有对建立的细胞系进行特性分析。国内柴桂萱等人虽然做了特性分析,但是他们所建细胞系的细胞直径较大,生长速度较慢,不同于常见的ＥＳ细胞系。我们从Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ品系小鼠胚胎中共分离了四个ＥＳ细胞系,分别命名为ＣＥ１、ＣＥ２、ＣＥ３、ＣＥ４（Ｆｉｇ．１ａ＆ｂ）。这四个细胞系核型正常率均达到７０％以上。我们检查了ＣＥ２细胞的分化能力,当将ＣＥ２细胞注入同基因型小鼠的皮下后,获得的畸胎瘤（Ｆｉｇ．３）组织切片检查的结果表明：该细胞能够分化成多种组织（Ｆｉｇ．２）。我们也研究了ＥＳ细胞的嵌合能力,用ＩＣＲ小鼠胚胎作为受体胚胎,采用囊胚显微注射法构建嵌合鼠。在幸存的幼鼠中我们获得了来源于ＣＥ２细胞的嵌合鼠（Ｔａｂｌｅ１,Ｆｉｇ．４）。综     

Increased apoptosis and angiogenesis in gastric low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma by Helicobacter heilmannii infection in C57/BL6 mice

Helicobacter heilmannii has been reported to cause gastric low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type (MALT) lymphoma, but its precise pathophysiological mechanism remains to be clarified. We recently established a model of gastric B-cell MALT lymphoma in C57BL/6 mice by means of peroral infection of H. heilmannii primarily obtained from cynomolgus monkeys. Using this model, macroscopic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic observations of MALT lymphomas were carried out in order to examine the development of apoptosis and angiogenesis. Enhancement of the microvascular network and an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor-A were detected in the central region of the MALT lymphoma tissue in the infected mouse stomach, while vascular endothelial growth factor-C was detected at the margins of the MALT lymphomas. In addition, many H. heilmannii-invaded parietal cells showed caspase-3 immunoreactivity in the fundic mucosal tissue surrounding the MALT lymphoma. In conclusion, in H. heilmannii-induced MALT lymphoma, enhanced immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and factor-C was observed in areas encircled by increased parietal cell apoptosis, which indicates the pathophysiological relevance of both angiogenesis and apoptosis in MALT lymphoma formation.