鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失。自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的。 1 基因组结构和功能 IBDV基因组由A(3.2kb)、B(2.8kb)两个双链RNA节段构成。A编码形成VP2蛋白(37-40k…     

传染性法氏囊病病毒分子生物学研究进展

传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disense virus,IBDV)是引起鸡的最严重的传染病之一,给养鸡业造成了巨大的经济损失,其危害除了直接引起临床症状外,更为重要的是破坏机体的免疫器官,主要是破坏B淋巴细胞前体,引起严重的免疫抑制,使鸡对其他病原的免疫力丧失,结果导致死亡。 IBDV最初被认为是呼肠孤病毒科的成员,主要是因为其在鸡胚肾细胞上培养出现     

表达传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因的重组马立克氏病病毒的构建

传染性法氏囊病（Infectious bursal disease,IBD）是一种由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）引起的危害3～12周龄青年鸡的急性、高度接触性传染病.IBDV属于双RNA病毒科的禽双RNA病毒属,其基因组由A和B两个节段组成.研究表明,IBDV主要的抗原性及致病性位点均位于A片段,其中VP2蛋白具有血清型特异性位点,并能诱导产生抗病毒的血清中和抗体,是该病毒的主要抗原.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

重组禽腺联病毒介导的miRNA抑制传染性法氏囊病病毒在鸡胚内的复制

【目的】在鸡胚水平上探索VP1和VP2基因特异miRNA抑制传染性法氏囊病病毒(infectious bursaldisease virus,IBDV)复制的可行性。【方法与结果】将表达VP1基因特异miRNA重组载体pAITR-RFPmiVP1或VP2基因特异miRNA重组载体pAITR-RFPmiVP2E与禽腺联病毒(avian adeno-associated virus,AAAV)包装载体pcDNA-ARC和腺病毒辅助载体pHelper共转染AAV-293细胞,获得重组病毒rAAAV-RFPmiVP1和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2E,用同样方法获得不表达miRNA的rAAAV-RFP和表达对照miRNA的rAAAV-RFPmiVP2con。电镜观察显示重组病毒具有典型的AAAV颗粒形态;PCR检测结果表明其基因组中含miRNA表达盒;经poly(A)加尾RT-PCR检测证明重组病毒感染细胞能表达基因特异的miRNA。分别将重组病毒经卵黄囊途径接种8日龄SPF鸡胚,然后经绒毛尿囊膜途径用Lukert株IBDV攻毒,收获鸡胚进行IBDV组织细胞半数感染剂量(TCID50)测定。结果在攻毒后第3天,rAAAV-RFP和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2con接种组的IBDV TCID50为8.0 log10,rAAAV-RFPmiVP1和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2E接种组的IBDV TCID50分别下降到1.0和1.5 log10;在攻毒后第6天,rAAAV-RFP和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2con接种组的IBDV TCID50仍为8.0 log10,rAAAV-RFPmiVP1和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2E接种组的TCID50分别下降到0.8和2.0 log10。【结论】rAAAV是有效的miRNA鸡胚导入载体,表达的VP1和VP2基因特异miRNA能有效阻断IBDV复制。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒Gt株VP5基因缺失株感染性克隆的构建

传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV)是双链,双节段RNA病毒,其基因组由A、B两个节段组成,编码结构蛋白VP1-VP4和非结构蛋白VP5。【目的】利用反向遗传操作构建拯救VP5基因缺失重组IBDV。【方法】利用体外定点突变技术,缺失IBDV Gt株VP5基因,通过多重PCR在基因组两端分别引入锤头状核酶序列(HamRz)和丁肝病毒核酶序列(HdvRz)。将带有核酶序列的IBDV基因组插入载体pCAGG的b肌动蛋白启动子下游,构建了IBDV感染性克隆pCAGGmGtA △VP5HRT,将该感染性克隆与pCAGGmGtBHRT共转染DFⅠ细胞。【结果】RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光均显示获得重组病毒,将其命名为rmGtA △VP5。IBDV VP5基因缺失感染性克隆的成功构建为从分子水平上深入研究vp5基因功能奠定了基础。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒弱毒株对Vero细胞的适应性研究

传染性法氏囊病病毒疫苗的传统生产工艺是利用鸡胚纤维细胞增殖ＩＢＤＶ,但易被外源病原污染,且生产成本很高,借鉴国内外流行性乙型脑炎疫苗生产的经验,使用Ｖｅｒｏ细胞增殖ＩＢＤＶ弱毒株,从病毒高峰出现时间、滴度峰值的高低、对细胞代谢的影响等方面研究了ＩＢＤＶ对Ｖｅｒｏ细胞的适应性,敏感性以及适应后的种毒的长期保存过程中发现病毒滴度有下降趋势,试用了不同试剂对病毒进行保护。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株的致病性及其vp2基因比较

对4个IBDV野毒株的致病性和它们的vp2基因高变区序列同时做了比较分析.结果表明,4个IBDV毒株在致病性程度上存在较大差异.其中有一个是真正的超强毒,即GX8/99,其他几个虽然达不到真正超强毒的毒力,但也比经典的标准毒的致死性高得多.在vp2基因高变区,这4个IBDV野毒株与超强毒参考株HK46同源性很高,在DNA水平为96.8%～99.5%,在氨基酸(aa)水平为96.6%～100%.而与疫苗毒D78有很大差异,分别只有91.7%～93.6%和91.8%～93.2%.说明IBDV毒株的vp2基因高变区确实与其致病性有一定关系.特别是SD-1/97、SD-3/98、JS-30/99株之间及其与HK46在DNA和aa水平的同源性高达98.4%和98.6%以上,SD-3/99、JS-30/99株之间及其与HK46的氨基酸同源性为100%.然而,致病性特别高的GX8/99株病毒与其他3个野毒株及HK46在DNA和氨基酸水平的同源性相对较低,在DNA和aa水平的同源性只有96.8%～97.2%和96.6%～97.9%.相对于国内的流行毒株和香港超强毒参考株HK46,GX8/99株在致病性和VP2高变区都已发生了一定的变异.     

Synthesis of reassortant infectious bursal disease virus in chickens injected directly with infectious clones from different virus strains

The infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the Birnaviridae family, containing a bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome, encodes four structural viral proteins, VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4, as well as a non-structural protein, VP5. In the present paper, the segment A from two IBDV strains,field isolate ZJ2000 and attenuated strain HZ2, were inserted into one NaeⅠ site by site-directed silent mutagenesis and subcloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pCI under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) immediate early enhancer and promoter to construct the recombinant plasmids pCI-AKZJ2000 and pCI-AKHZ2, respectively. Each of the two recombinants was combined with another recombinant pCI plasmid containing the marked segment B of strain HZ2 (pCI-mB), and injected intramuscularly into nonimmunized chickens. Two chimeric IBDV strains were recovered from the chickens. Two out of eight chickens in each of two groups showed the bursal histopathological change. The reassortant virus derived from pCI-AKZJ2000/pCI-mB can infect chicken embryos and shows relatively low virulence. We have developed a novel virus reverse genetic approach for the study of IBDV. The results also form the basis for investigating the role of VP1 in viral replication and pathogenecity.     

Effect of MOI ratio on the composition and yield of chimeric infectious bursal disease virus-like particles by baculovirus co-infection: deterministic predictions and experimental results

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty particles consisting of virus capsid proteins that closely resemble native virus but are devoid of the native viral nucleic acids and therefore have attracted significant attention as noninfectious vaccines. A recombinant baculovirus, vIBD-7, which encodes the structural proteins (VP2, VP3, and VP4) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), produces native IBD VLPs in infected Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. Another baculovirus, vEDLH-22, encodes VP2 that is fused with a histidine affinity-tag (VP2H) at the C-terminus. By co-infection with these two baculoviruses, hybrid VLPs with histidine tags were formed and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Hu et al., 1999). Also, we demonstrated that varying the MOI ratio of these infecting viruses altered the extent of VP2H incorporated into the particles. A dynamic mathematical model that described baculovirus infection and VLP synthesis (Hu and Bentley, 2000) was adapted here for co-infection and validated by immunofluorescence labeling. It was shown to predict the VLP composition as a dynamic function of MOI. A constraint in the VP2H content incorporated into the particles was predicted and shown by experiments. Also, the MOI ratio of both infecting viruses was shown to be the major factor influencing the composition of the hybrid particles and an important factor in determining the overall yield. ELISA results confirmed that VP2H was exhibited to a varied extent on the outer surface of the particles. This model provides insight on the use of virus co-infection in virus-mediated recombinant protein expression systems and aids in the optimization of chimeric VLP synthesis.     

Expression of immunogenic VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus in Arabidopsis thaliana

VP2 protein is the major host-protective immunogen of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) of chickens. Transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing recombinant VP2 were developed. The VP2 gene of an IBDV antigenic variant E strain was isolated, amplified by RT-PCR and introduced into a plant expression vector, pE1857, having a strong promoter for plant expression. A resulting construct with a Bar gene cassette for bialaphos selection in plant (rpE-VP2) was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens by electroporation. Agrobacterium containing the rpE-VP2 construct was used to transform Ar. thaliana and transgenic plants were selected using bialaphos. The presence of VP2 transgene in plants was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis and its expression was confirmed by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis and antigen-capture ELISA assay using monoclonal anti-VP2 were used to determine the expression of VP2 protein in transgenic plants. The level of VP2 protein in the leaf extracts of selected transgenic plants varied from 0.5% to 4.8% of the total soluble protein. Recombinant VP2 protein produced in plants induced antibody response against IBDV in orally-fed chickens.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株GX8/99株的致病性

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)超强毒株GX8/99,系1999年从广西一自然发病鸡群采集到.用原始病鸡法氏囊悬液连续3次人工感染SPF鸡后,再取其法氏囊制备悬液,分装,在-70℃保存.以此悬液经卵黄囊接种10日龄SPF鸡胚,测定鸡胚的半数致死量(ELD50).随着鸡的日龄和接种剂量的不同,其致死率有很大差异.对28～30日龄SPF鸡,病毒接种量为200个ELD50时,感染后7日内死亡率最高可达73%～90.5%(11/15和19/21);感染量为20个ELD50时,死亡率亦可达53%～92%(8/15和23/25).以500个ELD50感染28～104日龄的SPF鸡,死亡率均在55.1%～67.2%;甚至113～120日龄的SPF鸡,感染后仍有10%～15%致死率.但128日龄的SPF鸡感染后既不引起死亡也不表现任何症状,但抗体全部转阳.人工接种发病死亡的鸡,其法氏囊的出血程度也随感染量和年龄而异.50日龄鸡接种2000个ELD50后,死亡的鸡100%(12/12)法氏囊严重出血;而40日龄鸡感染200个ELD50后,死亡鸡中仅17%(3/18)发生出血.在2、3、4周龄带有母源抗体的商品代蛋鸡,以2000个ELD50病毒接种后,只引起10%(2/20)、35%(7/20)和35%(7/20)的死亡率.但在5周龄商品代蛋鸡,仅接触感染的致死率可达61.3%(98/160).另一批商品代蛋鸡,在4周龄和5周龄人工接种200个ELD50病毒后,死亡率分别是81.6%～94.3%(62/76～33/35)和93.9%～94%(31/33～47/50).通过总共1200多羽鸡的试验表明,GX-8/99株是一个超强毒IBDV毒株,表现为高死亡率(最高可达94%),易感年龄延长至4月龄,中枢性免疫器官法氏囊出血严重和胸腺明显萎缩.     

传染性法氏囊病病毒AH1株vp2基因在昆虫细胞中的表达与应用

将近期引起传染性法氏囊病(IBD)免疫预防失败的传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)vp2基因,定向克隆入杆状病毒表达系统的供体质粒pFastBacHTA中,构建重组供体质粒pFastBacHTA-VP2,转化Escherichia coli DH10Bac感受态,筛选重组杆状病毒表达质粒pBac-VP2。用pBac-VP2转染Sf9昆虫细胞,获得重组杆状病毒vBac-VP2。对重组杆状病毒vBac-VP2感染的Sf9细胞,用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)检测,具有特异性荧光;用IBDV抗体夹心ELISA检测,呈阳性反应,抗原效价达到1.6×103;用Western blotting分析,在53kDa处出现一条特异蛋白条带;电镜观察,重组Vp2蛋白能够自组装成病毒样颗粒,在感染细胞中发现了"包涵体样"结构。用HisTrap HP亲和层析柱纯化的重组Vp2蛋白作为包被抗原,建立的IBDV抗体间接ELISA检测方法具有良好的特异性。用重组杆状病毒感染的Sf9昆虫细胞裂解物,免疫2周龄SPF鸡,一次免疫14d后,ELISA检测抗体效价为8×102,中和抗体效价为1106,攻毒实验的存活率为30%;二次免疫14d后,ELISA抗体效价为3.2×103,中和抗体效价为2536,存活率为100%。在实验观察7d内,重组Vp2蛋白免疫保护鸡未显任何临床症状和病理变化,法氏囊/体重比高于对照组(P0.05)。本实验制备的病毒样颗粒重组Vp2蛋白在研制新型IBD基因工程疫苗和检测试剂方面显示出了应用前景。     

Synonymous codon usage of the VP2 gene of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolate serial passaged in chicken embryos

Three very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) strains were isolated from a single farm and shown to be phylogenetically related to the vvIBDV isolate UK661. In this study, a comparative analysis of the synonymous codon usage in the hypervariable region of theVP2 (vVP2) gene of the vvIBDV strains was done on viruses serially passaged in chicken embryos. Sequencing demonstrated that codons change during the serial passage in the vVP2 gene of the viruses. Nine codon mutations resulted in amino acids changes. The amino acid changes were I256V, I296L 6in isolate XA1989, A222P, I242V, Q253H, I256V in isolate XA1998, and Q253H, I256V, I296L in isolate XA2004. Three of the nine amino acid changes occurred at residue 256. The codons of the amino acids A232, N233, I234, T269, T283 and H338 changed to the synonymous codons in XA1989 after the 16th passage, in XA1998 after the 24th passage and in XA2004 22nd passage viruses. These mutations change the key amino acid residues Q253H and I256V in the domains which are essential for its virulence, and the synonymous codons were observed compared to classical virulent IBDV. The results indicated that the codon changes during the serial passage comprised of synonymous codon usage in the vVP2 gene of IBDV, and this synonymous codon bias was correlated with pathotypes. The extent of synonymous codon usage bias in the IBDV-vVP2 gene maybe influence the gene expression level and secondary structure of protein as well as hydrophobicity, therefore the results provide useful perspectives for evolution and understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDV.     

Vaccination against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus using recombinant T4 bacteriophage displaying viral protein VP2

In order to develop a desirable inexpensive, effective and safe vaccine against the very virulent infectious bursal disease virus （vvIBDV）, we tried to take advantage of the emerging T4 bacteriophage surface protein display system. The major immunogen protein VP2 from the vvIBDV strain HK46 was fused to the nonessential T4 phage surface capsid protein, a small outer capsid （SOC） protein, resulting in the 49 kDa SOC-VP2 fusion protein, which was verified by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot. Immunoelectromicroscopy showed that the recombinant VP2 protein was successfully displayed on the surface of the T4 phage. The recombinant VP2 protein is antigenic and showed reactivities to various monoclonal antibodies （mAbs） against IBDV, whereas the wild-type phage T4 could not react to any mAb. In addition, the recombinant VP2 protein is immunogenic and elicited specific antibodies in immunized specific pathogen free （SPF） chickens. More significantly, immunization of SPF chickens with the recombinant T4-VP2 phage protected them from infection by the vvIBDV strain HK46. When challenged with the vvIBDV strain HK46 at a dose of 100 of 50% lethaldose （LD50） per chicken 4 weeks after the booster was given, the group vaccinated with the T4-VP2 recombinant phage showed no clinical signs of disease or death, whereas the unvaccinated group and the group vaccinated with the wild-type T4 phage exhibited 100% clinical signs of disease and bursal damages, and 30%-40% mortality. Collectively, the data herein showed that the T4-displayed VP2 protein might be an inexpensive, effective and safe vaccine candidate against vvIBDV.     

禽IL-2与传染性法氏囊VP2融合蛋白免疫学特性

为研究禽细胞因子IL-2与IBDV主要保护性抗原VP2基因融合蛋白的免疫学特性,将重组的rVP2-IL-2融合蛋白免疫鸡,通过IBDV-VP2 ELISA抗体效价、抗体亚型(IgG1和IgG2a)、淋巴细胞增殖、INF-γ和IL-4细胞因子的分泌水平、中和抗体以及动物攻毒试验检测评价其对鸡体免疫水平的影响。抗体滴度测定和淋巴细胞增殖试验结果显示,rVP2-IL-2融合蛋白免疫鸡体的体液和细胞免疫应答水平均明显高于单独的VP2蛋白免疫组。抗体亚型测定结果显示,rVP2-IL-2融合蛋白免疫组鸡体能产生一个平衡的IgG1和IgG2a抗体反应。细胞因子ELISA试验结果表明rVP2-IL-2融合蛋白能有效平衡Th1(γ-IFN)和Th2(IL-4)类型的细胞免疫反应。动物攻毒试验rVp2-IL-2融合蛋白免疫组鸡体获得了85%的保护率,表明构建的rVP2-IL-2融合蛋白对IBDV的攻击具有较好的免疫保护作用。本研究为进一步研制IBD高效的基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。