转基因大豆GTS40-3-2转化事件特异性PCR检测

GTS40-3-2是抗草甘膦转基因大豆,为建立GTS40-3-2大豆转化体特异性PCR检测方法,本研究以GTS40-3-2标准品为实验材料,根据已公布转基因大豆GTS40-3-2基因与大豆基因组连接序列信息,利用Primer5.0软件设计了5对品系特异性引物,对每对引物进行了退火温度、特异性及扩增效率的PCR检测,结果显示,5对特异性引物均能够从GTS40-3-2中扩增出大小约279bp、238bp、470bp、490bp和257bp的预期产物,可用于特异性检测转基因大豆GTS40-3-2转化事件。以转基因大豆GTS40-3-2含量为5%、2%、1%、0.5%和0.1%的标准品进行PCR灵敏度检测,结果表明5对引物的检测灵敏度均能达到0.1%。通过荧光定量PCR对5对特异性引物的Ct值与溶解曲线比较,最后选择出RRS2引物对为转基因大豆GTS40-3-2品系特异性检测的最适引物。本文结果将为我国未来转基因生物产品成分检测提供科学合理的实验参考。     

转基因抗病玉米饲喂Wistar大鼠食用安全性评价

摘要：目的：利用不同剂量的转几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶基因的转基因抗病玉米粉饲喂Wistar大鼠28d,之后继续用相同剂量未转基因的对照玉米饲喂1w。检测实验期和恢复期Wistar大鼠食用转基因玉米的食用安全性。方法：将Wistar大鼠按体重随机分为1个对照组和饲喂转基因玉米低、中、高剂量组等4个组,每组雌雄各半,经口28d摄入转基因玉米。饲喂期间对大鼠的一般生活状况、体重增长进行观察;大鼠饲喂期和停止饲喂后1w,统计其食物利用率;连续喂饲4w末和停止喂养后1w,对大鼠血清生化学指标、血液学指标进行检查,同时进行解剖学检查。结果：大鼠饲喂转基因玉米后,与对照组比较,一般生活状况无明显差异,无任何中毒症状出现,全部动物健康存活;与对照组同期同性别的大鼠相比,体重增长未见统计学差异（P＞0.05）;大鼠喂饲4w末和停止喂饲后1w食物利用率未见统计学差异（P＞0.05）;饲喂转基因玉米期间,大鼠血清谷草转氨酶（AST）/谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、尿素氮（BUN）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）等指标与同期对照组比较未见显著差异（P＞0.05）;大体解剖肉眼观察,各脏器颜色形态未见异常,脏器系数未见异常。结论：实验周期内转几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶的转基因抗病玉米对Wistar大鼠生长发育无明显不良影响,转几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶的转基因抗病玉米及其亲本玉米对大鼠具有同等的食用安全性。     

抗草甘膦转基因大豆对非靶标节肢动物群落多样性的影响

在田间自然条件下,用直接观察法和吸虫器研究了抗草甘膦转基因大豆对豆田节肢动物群落的影响.结果表明,种植抗除草剂转基因大豆的豆田节肢动物群落和非转基因亲本大豆豆田节肢动物群落的物种数,优势集中性指数、多样性指数相似程度较高,它们之间差异不显著,说明抗除草剂转基因大豆对节肢动物群落多样性无明显影响.     

以草甘膦为筛选标记的大豆转基因体系的建立及抗除草剂转基因大豆的培育

抗草甘膦转基因大豆能显著提高大豆生产效率,具有重大的应用前景.本实验室前期研究建立了农杆菌介导、草胺膦为筛选剂的大豆转基因体系,转化效率在4%以上.在此基础上,利用G6-EPSPS和G10-EPSPS 2个具有自主知识产权的草甘膦抗性基因,通过优化转化体系,成功建立了以草甘膦为筛选剂的大豆遗传转化体系,转化效率达1%以上.浓度梯度实验发现,当草甘膦的筛选浓度为100 mg/L时,虽然丛生芽的再生率下降了50%～60%,但最终转化效率不受影响.进一步通过基因表达分析、Western blot、Southern blot和除草剂抗性鉴定等方法对转基因大豆进行了分子检测和验证,最后获得了分子特征明确、对草甘膦抗性稳定的抗草甘膦转基因大豆后代.结果对国内抗草甘膦转基因大豆转基因方法研究及抗除草剂新品种选育具有意义.     

膨化对转基因豆粕CP4-EPSPS蛋白的影响

旨在研究转基因豆粕经挤压膨化后外源蛋白的变化规律.以CP4-EPSPS多克隆抗体和转基因含量为2％的大豆标准品作为材料,建立ELISA法定量检测抗草甘膦转基因大豆CP4-EPSPS蛋白的方法.结果表明,膨化豆粕中外源蛋白含量随着温度和含水率的升高逐渐降低,ELISA法检测低限达到0.25％,可以定量检测经过加工的转基因豆粕.     

油菜转抗草甘膦、抗虫基因获得双抗植株

以草甘膦为筛选剂,用农杆菌介导法将编码5-烯醇式丙酮酸莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶（EPSPS）的aroA—M12基因和编码苏云金杆菌毒蛋白的Btslm基因导入到甘蓝型油菜优良品种湘油15号中。在用草甘膦对转化体进行筛选的基础上．对转基因再生植株进行了PCR检测、Southern blot和Western blot分析．结果证明外源基因确已导入到该油菜品种中,而且表达了相应的蛋白。对转基因植株进行抗草甘膦、抗虫性鉴定的结果表明．转基因植株具有抗草甘膦、抗虫的双重特性。研究结果还表明抗草甘膦的aroA—M12基因在植物基因转化中,既可以用作抗除草剂基因,又可以代替常用的抗生素标记,用作植物筛选标记基因。     

用PCR和SDS-PAGE两种方法对转基因大豆的检测

采用PCR和SDS-PAGE电泳两种方法对转基因大豆(美国)和非转基因大豆(国内3个不同样品)进行了检测．结果显示：转基因大豆可以检测出195bp的花椰菜花叶病毒启动子(CaMV35S)序列片段和320bp的抗草甘膦基因(EPSPS)片段;SDS-PAGE蛋白质电泳中有一约40kDa的蛋白带出现;而非转基因的3个国内大豆品种中均没有CaMV35S启动子序列片段和抗草甘膦基因片段,SDS-PAGE蛋白质电泳检测也没有发现转基因大豆中存在的40kDa的蛋白带．     

转基因大豆GTS40-3-2环介导等温扩增检测方法的建立

采用转基因大豆GTS40-3-2品系特异性基因LAMP引物,建立2种转基因大豆GTS40-3-2品系特异性基因等温扩增方法:(1)实时荧光环介导等温扩增方法;(2)反应前加入染料羟基萘酚蓝(HNB)作为LAMP扩增的指示剂,根据反应后HNB的颜色变化进行判定。对两种方法进行灵敏度、特异性测试,结果表明,两种方法皆能快速、特异性检测出转基因大豆GTS40-3-2品系成分,定性检测限为0.1%。基于颜色判定的LAMP检测方法对设备要求更简单,更适用于日常检验及监管部门进行转基因成分的快速检测。     

抗除草剂bar基因与EPSPS基因在转基因甘蔗中的应用研究

通过农杆菌介导法,分别将bar基因和EPSPS基因导入到甘蔗中,分别获得了抗草铵膦和草甘膦两种除草剂的转基因甘蔗。通过直接喷洒田间施用浓度的草铵膦和草甘膦除草剂,证明了转基因甘蔗T0、T1代、宿根1代和宿根2代外源基因遗传稳定,且均具有稳定的耐除草剂的功能。因此转耐除草剂基因的甘蔗,可以与转耐除草剂基因的玉米、大豆、油菜和棉花一样,有广阔的应用前景。     

抗草甘膦转基因大豆AG5601对根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响

明确抗草甘膦转基因大豆AG5601对根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,为转基因大豆的安全性评价提供基础数据。采用BIOLOG的方法,对抗草甘膦转基因大豆AG5601、亲本大豆SNK500和普通栽培大豆中黄13成熟期和残茬期的根际土壤微生物的碳源利用特征进行比较分析。AG5601成熟期的根际土壤微生物群落碳源利用能力显著高于SNK500,但与中黄13无显著差异;在残茬期,AG5601、SNK500和中黄13的根际土壤微生物群落碳源利用能力均无显著差异。功能多样性分析发现,成熟期的AG5601与中黄13在根际土壤微生物McIntosh指数和Simpson指数均显著高于SNK500,而残茬期,3种大豆的根际土壤微生物多样性差异不显著。主成分分析表明,AG5601与SNK500成熟期和残茬期的根际土壤微生物碳源利用在两主成分轴上的差异较小,碳源利用模式基本相同。本研究表明,抗草甘膦转基因大豆AG5601对根际微生物群落功能多样性无长期、显著性影响。     

抗草甘膦转基因大豆对根际土壤细菌及根瘤菌的影响

转基因大豆是全球种植最广泛的转基因作物,抗除草剂是其最主要的转基因特性.微生物群落是土壤质量的监测指标之一,抗草甘膦转基因大豆及配施草甘膦是否影响大豆根际土壤细菌及根瘤菌群落尚不清楚.本研究基于大田试验,以非转基因亲本大豆‘中豆32’为对照(CK),分析转G10-epsps基因耐除草剂大豆SHZD32-01(GR)及配施草甘膦(GR+G)在大豆各生育时期对根际土壤细菌和根瘤菌的影响.结果表明: 与CK相比,GR、GR+G处理对苗期和成熟期根际土壤pH、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、NH₄⁺-N含量等产生影响;GR处理显著增加结荚期根际土壤细菌群落丰度及多样性,GR+G处理显著增加结荚期根际土壤细菌群落多样性,但显著降低苗期和结荚期根际土壤细菌群落丰度;GR、GR+G处理改变了部分优势细菌类群的相对丰度,但不同生育期根际土壤优势细菌类群均为变形菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、浮霉菌门和放线菌门;GR、GR+G处理改变了根瘤菌类群的相对丰度,但未影响慢生根瘤菌和中华根瘤菌两种主要大豆根瘤菌的相对丰度,且GR+G处理结荚期根际土壤根瘤菌相对丰度显著降低.环境因子分析显示,根际土壤放线菌和根瘤菌群落丰度主要受土壤pH影响.抗草甘膦转基因大豆或配施草甘膦显著影响结荚期根际土壤细菌和根瘤菌,但其影响随大豆的生长而消失.     

Nutritional assessment and fate of dna of soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans using rats

This study was conducted to compare the safety of soybean meal prepared from genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready; RR) soybeans and conventional soybeans. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats (40 males and 40 females) were randomly allotted to one of four groups according to sex and body weight for a 13-week feeding experiment. The rats were fed corn-based diets containing 60% conventional soybean meal, a mixture of 30% conventional and 30% RR soybean meal, 60% or 90% RR soybean meal. All diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level except the 90% RR diet. The two soybean meals were similar in chemical analysis and amino acid composition. During the 13-week growth trial, body weight (P?P?cp4 epsps gene specific for the GM constructs from RR soybean meal or a 407?bp of lec gene from endogenous soybean DNA could not be detected in investigated masseter muscle samples. No adverse effects of glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal on rats were seen even at levels as high as 90% of the diet.     

Assessing Compositional Variability through Graphical Analysis and Bayesian Statistical Approaches: Case Studies on Transgenic Crops

Abstract

New transgenic (GM) crops are subjected to extensive safety assessments that include compositional comparisons with conventional counterparts as a cornerstone of the process. The influence of germplasm, location, environment, and agronomic treatments on compositional variability is, however, often obscured in these pair-wise comparisons. Furthermore, classical statistical significance testing can often provide an incomplete and over-simplified summary of highly responsive variables such as crop composition. In order to more clearly describe the influence of the numerous sources of compositional variation we present an introduction to two alternative but complementary approaches to data analysis and interpretation. These include i) exploratory data analysis (EDA) with its emphasis on visualization and graphics-based approaches and ii) Bayesian statistical methodology that provides easily interpretable and meaningful evaluations of data in terms of probability distributions. The EDA case-studies include analyses of herbicide-tolerant GM soybean and insect-protected GM maize and soybean. Bayesian approaches are presented in an analysis of herbicide-tolerant GM soybean. Advantages of these approaches over classical frequentist significance testing include the more direct interpretation of results in terms of probabilities pertaining to quantities of interest and no confusion over the application     

A comparative study of element concentrations and binding in transgenic and non-transgenic soybean seeds

Transgenic and non-transgenic soybean seeds were compared in terms of total element concentrations, behavior of elements during sequential extraction fractionation and element bioaccessibility using an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The analysis were carried out by ICP-sector field-MS or size-exclusion ICP-MS (25 elements in concentrations varying from ng g?1 to the % level). It seems that transgenic and non-transgenic soybean seeds exhibit statistically significant differences in concentrations of Cu, Fe and Sr, which are also reflected by element contents in water extracts and residues. Additionally, contributions of bioaccessible fractions of Cu, Fe and other elements (Mn, S, Zn) for transgenic soybean seeds appear to be larger than those found in non-transgenic soybean seeds.     

山西市场动物饲料中转基因成分的检测

为了评估转基因玉米和大豆在山西动物饲料市场的占有率和标识情况,采用改良十六烷基三甲基溴化铵法 (Hexadecyltrimethy ammonium bromide, CTAB) 提取山西市场抽取的30份鸡和猪饲料,通过定性PCR打包筛查,对检测阳性结果打包饲料拆包并检测CaMV 35S启动子、NOS终止子、玉米内标zSSIIb、大豆内标Lectin和CryIA (b)基因。同时检测玉米和大豆转化体事件MON810和GTS40-3-2。结果表明,83.3%的饲料含有转基因成分。所抽取的玉米、大豆、猪饲料和鸡饲料转基因成分阳性率分别为6.67%、100%、93.3%和73.3%。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果与定性PCR一致。结果提示,鸡和猪饲料中转基因成分在山西市场的占有率较高。     

Community Structure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Rhizospheric Soil of a Transgenic High-Methionine Soybean and a Near Isogenic Variety

The use of transgenic plants in agriculture provides many economic benefits, but it also raises concerns over the potential impact of transgenic plants on the environment. We here examined the impact of transgenic high-methionine soybean ZD91 on the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community structure in rhizosphere soil. Our investigations based on clone libraries were conducted in field trials at four growth stages of the crops each year from 2012 to 2013. A total of 155 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of AM fungi were identified based on the sequences of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes. There were no significant differences found in AM fungal diversity in rhizosphere soil during the same growth stage between transgenic soybean ZD91 and its non-transgenic parental soybean ZD. In addition, plant growth stage and year had the strongest effect on the AM fungal community structure while the genetically modified (GM) trait studied was the least explanatory factor. In conclusion, we found no indication that transgenic soybean ZD91 cultivation poses a risk for AM fungal communities in agricultural soils.     

Nutritional assessment and fate of DNA of soybean meal from roundup ready or conventional soybeans using rats

This study was conducted to compare the safety of soybean meal prepared from genetically modified (GM) glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready; RR) soybeans and conventional soybeans. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats (40 males and 40 females) were randomly allotted to one of four groups according to sex and body weight for a 13-week feeding experiment. The rats were fed corn-based diets containing 60% conventional soybean meal, a mixture of 30% conventional and 30% RR soybean meal, 60% or 90% RR soybean meal. All diets were adjusted to an identical nutrient level except the 90% RR diet. The two soybean meals were similar in chemical analysis and amino acid composition. During the 13-week growth trial, body weight (P < 0.05) and feed intake (P < 0.05) decreased only in rats fed with 90% RR soybean meal at the first week. No treatment-related deaths occurred during the experiment. Gross necropsy findings, haematological or urinalysis values and clinical serum parameters showed no meaningful differences between rats fed the control and RR soybean meals. A 145 bp of cp4 epsps gene specific for the GM constructs from RR soybean meal or a 407 bp of lec gene from endogenous soybean DNA could not be detected in investigated masseter muscle samples. No adverse effects of glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal on rats were seen even at levels as high as 90% of the diet.     

Environmental and human health impacts of growing genetically modified herbicide-tolerant sugar beet: a life-cycle assessment

There is ongoing debate concerning the possible environmental and human health impacts of growing genetically modified (GM) crops. Here, we report the results of a life-cycle assessment (LCA) comparing the environmental and human health impacts of conventional sugar beet growing regimes in the UK and Germany with those that might be expected if GM herbicide-tolerant (to glyphosate) sugar beet is commercialized. The results presented for a number of environmental and human health impact categories suggest that growing the GM herbicide-tolerant crop would be less harmful to the environment and human health than growing the conventional crop, largely due to lower emissions from herbicide manufacture, transport and field operations. Emissions contributing to negative environmental impacts, such as global warming, ozone depletion, ecotoxicity of water and acidification and nutrification of soil and water, were much lower for the herbicide-tolerant crop than for the conventional crop. Emissions contributing to summer smog, toxic particulate matter and carcinogenicity, which have negative human health impacts, were also substantially lower for the herbicide-tolerant crop. The environmental and human health impacts of growing GM crops need to be assessed on a case-by-case basis using a holistic approach. LCA is a valuable technique for helping to undertake such assessments.     

中国转基因大豆的产业化策略

大豆是事关人民生活和经济社会发展的重要农产品之一,提高大豆生产水平和增加自给能力,是中国农业生产必须解决的重大问题。由于中国耕地资源不足的限制,科技创新是提升大豆生产能力的唯一出路。转基因育种是推动大豆生产发展的颠覆性技术,对美国、巴西和阿根廷等世界主产国大豆产业的发展发挥了重要作用。经过20多年的科技创新,中国转基因耐除草剂和抗虫育种技术已经成熟,这些产品的产业化种植可显著降低大豆生产成本和提升单产水平。基于中国转基因大豆技术发展进度和大豆生产的国情特点,我们提出了采用如下策略科学有序推进产业化工作。一是,在产品应用时间上,按照单一耐草甘膦除草剂、多个基因耐草甘膦和草铵膦等多种除草剂,以及耐除草剂与抗虫等复合性状等产品,依次推进相关种子的产业化;二是,在产品区域布局上,按照靶标杂草和害虫的地理分布特点顶层设计各种耐除草剂和抗虫大豆产品的种植区域;三是,在生物安全管理上,研发应用抗性杂草和害虫种群监测与治理技术,延长转基因产品的使用寿命。同时,还要加强野生大豆资源的保护工作,降低转基因大豆基因漂移对野生大豆生物多样性的影响。     

Soybean Meal Induces Intestinal Inflammation in Zebrafish Larvae

The necessary replacement of fish meal with other protein source in diets of commercially important fish has prompted the study of the effect of the inclusion of different vegetable proteins sources on growth performance and on the gastro-intestinal tract. Currently, soybean meal is the primary protein source as a fish meal replacement because of its low price and high availability. Likewise, it is been documented that the ingestion of soybean meal by several fish species, such as salmonids and carp, triggers a type of intestinal inflammation called enteritis. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of the ingestion of soybean meal and two of its components, soy protein and soy saponin, on zebrafish to establish the basis for using zebrafish larvae as a model for fish nutrition. We took advantage of the existence of different transgenic lines, which allowed us to perform in vivo analysis. Our results indicated that larvae that were feed with soybean meal developed a clear intestinal inflammation as early as two day after beginning the diet. Moreover, we determined that is not the soy protein present in the diet but the soy saponin that is primarily responsible for triggering the immune response. These findings support the use of zebrafish screening assays to identify novel ingredients that would to improved current fish diets or would formulate new ones.