共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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【目的】蓝藻(cyanobacteria)水华频繁暴发,引起水质恶化,使水生生物大量死亡,给水产养殖业造成巨大的经济损失;其代谢产物藻毒素具有肝毒性、神经毒性、生殖毒性、遗传毒性和肿瘤促进作用,并可在水生生物中富集,造成饮用水安全风险和水产品食用安全风险。噬藻体(cyanophages)是一类特异性侵染蓝藻的病毒,参与调控蓝藻的种群密度和丰度,被认为是极具潜力的蓝藻水华生物防控工具。以往的研究报道多集中于海水噬藻体,有关淡水噬藻体的报道寥寥无几,迄今尚无惠氏微囊藻(Microcystis wesenbergii)噬藻体的研究报道。本研究的目的在于分离、鉴定惠氏微囊藻噬藻体。【方法】以惠氏微囊藻FACHB-1112为指示宿主,采用双层平板法从淡水中分离出噬藻体vB_MweS-yong2,对其进行全基因组测序、基因功能注释和系统进化分析。【结果】vB_MweS-yong2的基因组长44 530 bp,G+C含量为71.6%,有61个开放阅读框(ORF)、1个tRNA基因。成对序列比较(pairwise sequence comparison,PASC)表明,vB_MweS-yong2与所有... 相似文献
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【背景】噬藻体是感染蓝藻的病毒,是水生系统的重要组成部分。它们对宿主种群死亡率有重要影响,是控制蓝藻水华生消的潜在因子,对蓝藻群落结构的调控具有重要意义。大量研究揭示了海洋和淡水环境中噬藻体的高度多样性,但目前对高原湿地中噬藻体的多样性知之甚少。【目的】阐明我国纳帕海高原湿地噬藻体g20基因的遗传多样性,为进一步开展高原湿地微生物资源及其生态功能研究提供理论基础。【方法】采集雨季的水体样品,以衣壳蛋白基因g20为标记基因,利用特异性引物Cps1和Cps8对其进行PCR扩增,得到26条不同的g20基因有效序列,并将其与其他生境中g20基因序列进行主坐标分析和系统发育分析。【结果】与其他海洋和淡水的噬藻体序列相比,纳帕海高原湿地中噬藻体的序列与其他稻田序列更为相近;但也存在部分序列单独聚簇,这可能为纳帕海高原湿地中独有的噬藻体类型。【结论】表明该地区的噬藻体较丰富,并具有一定的独特性。 相似文献
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噬藻体是感染蓝细菌(蓝藻)的病毒,能调控蓝细菌种群的丰度和多样性,在许多水生生态系统的食物网动态变化和生物地球化学循环中起关键作用.噬藻体与宿主细胞发生各种相互作用,包括吸附、入侵和复制,参与感染过程,从而完成噬藻体的生命周期.本文在综述噬藻体生命周期与基因组结构相互关联的基础上,重点介绍噬藻体与宿主蓝细菌相互作用的蛋... 相似文献
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【目的】揭示东北稻田噬藻体psbA基因多样性,分析其系统进化地位,为噬藻体生态学研究提供数据支持。【方法】采用滤膜分离并浓缩噬体、PCR-克隆测序技术对我国东北稻田水体中噬藻体psbA基因进行调查。【结果】在东北稻田水体中共得到17条来自于噬藻体的psbA基因,经系统进化分析表明,我国东北稻田具有新的噬藻体的类群,与日本稻田生态系统中psbA基因类群相比,两地间噬藻体类群存在显著的差异,稻田水体中噬藻体psbA基因类群有别于海洋、湖泊类群。【结论】采用PCR-克隆测序技术以psbA基因为分子标记首次对我国东北稻田水体噬藻体类群进行调查,发现有新的噬藻体类群。 相似文献
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研究首次报道在太湖筛选到的一株感染铜绿微囊藻的噬藻体。在太湖蓝藻水华暴发区域采集水样, 经0.22 μm 微孔滤膜过滤、超滤浓缩后感染对数期的不同株微囊藻, 对感染效果明显的进行进一步研究。研究发现M. aernginosa 905 有明显感染, 用CsCl 不连续密度梯度离心的方法对噬藻体进行纯化并研究噬藻体的一步生长曲线。研究发现: 在MOI=10-5 的感染条件下, 该噬藻体感染M. aernginosa 的潜伏期为2h, 裂解期为4—6h, 稳定期为6—12h, 裂解量为4 pfu/cell。透射电镜观察此噬藻体头部为二十面体, 直径约50 nm, 具一很短尾部。此外在不加任何保护剂的情况下, 此噬藻体在-20℃和-80℃下保存感染力丧失, 但在4℃条件下保存, 其感染活性可维持50d 以上。研究为探讨用噬藻体控制蓝藻水华提供了重要基础 相似文献
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Daphnia can alter its vertical position in the water column in response to chemical cues from predators. In this study we tested the hypothesis that a Daphnia pulex clone with little evolutionary exposure to cyanobacteria would move away from patches of cyanobacteria (Anabaena affinis and A. flos-aquae) which contain potent endotoxins. Daphnia was censused at 2 h intervals for 6 h in laboratory columns in which there was a steep vertical gradient of cyanobacteria. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Control (no Anabaena) and experimental columns showed no significant differences in Daphnia distributions. Daphnia in experimental columns frequently moved into areas with dense concentrations of Anabaena and stayed there for long periods of time. Our results show that this D. pulex clone does not exhibit a rapid (within 6 h) avoidance response to toxic Anabaena. 相似文献
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Jarkko Rapala Kaarina Sivonen Raija Luukkainen Seppo I. Niemelä 《Journal of applied phycology》1993,5(6):581-591
Anatoxin-a-concentration in cells ofAnabaena- andAphanizomenon-strains and in their growth media were studied in the laboratory in batch cultures at different temperatures, light fluxes, orthophosphate and nitrate concentrations and with different nitrogen sources for growth. Toxin concentrations were detected by HPLC. Also, the growth of the toxicAnabaena-strains was compared to that of a non-toxic one. The non-toxicAnabaena was never found to produce anatoxin-a. The amount of toxin in the cells of the toxic strains was high, often exceeding 1% of their dry weight. High temperature decreased the amount of the toxin regardless of growth. Growth limiting low and growth inhibiting high light decreased the amount of the toxin in the cells ofAnabaena-strains. The highest light flux studied did not limit the growth or decrease the level of the toxin in the cells ofAphanizomenon. Growth in N-free medium (i.e. N2 fixation) showed that the cells contained more toxin than growth in N-rich medium. Orthophosphate concentration had no effect on toxin levels, although the lowest concentrations limited the growth of all strains studied. The toxic strains tolerated higher temperatures than the non-toxic one, but the non-toxic strain seemed to be more adjustable to high irradiance than the toxic ones. The yields (dry weight) of non-toxic and toxic strains differed significantly in different phosphate concentrations. 相似文献
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Valerie May 《Hydrobiologia》1989,179(3):237-244
Field observations on Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst over six summer seasonal appearances in two dams have shown that the frequency of occurence of heterocysts became fairly constant soon after the appearance of the species and decreased just before the end of the growing season. By contrast, akinete frequency reached a maximum, very early in the season, then decreased rapidly. Drought led to a decrease in occurrence of both Anabaena and of akinetes in several dams; this was possibly associated with an increasing concentration of NOx in the water. At Carcoar dam this akinete reduction was shown first in end-of-season figures. Drought also led to an end-of-season decrease there in the occurrence of heterocysts. Variations in morphology were noted. The coiling of the trichome, shape of akinete and relative position of heterocyst were all variable, although these characters are often assumed to be of taxonomic importance. 相似文献
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【目的】揭示苜蓿根瘤菌噬菌体的形态学特征及主要壳蛋白g23基因的分布地位,为根瘤菌噬菌体的生态学研究提供数据支持。【方法】以中华苜蓿根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium meliloti USDA1002T)为宿主,采用双层平板法分离土壤环境中的苜蓿根瘤菌噬菌体,利用电子显微镜观察纯化的噬菌体形态特征;提取噬菌体DNA,PCR扩增编码噬菌体壳蛋白的g23基因,构建系统进化树,以形态学鉴定和分子生物学相结合的方法,明确分离获得的苜蓿根瘤菌噬菌体g23基因的系统进化地位。【结果】分离获得了3株噬菌体,头部均呈二十面体,直径大小为81–86 nm,尾部有收缩尾鞘,长度大约为54–70 nm。克隆测序结果显示,获得的3株噬菌体g23基因株间相似度较高,但与可培养的Exo T-、Schizo T-、T-、Pseudo T-evens相似度较低。系统进化分析表明,获得的3株噬菌体不隶属于目前已划分的不同环境噬菌体g23基因的分类类群中。【结论】3株噬菌体均属于肌尾噬菌体科的裂性噬菌体,与目前获得的所有噬菌体g23基因相似性较低,属于新的侵染中华苜蓿根瘤菌的噬菌体株。 相似文献
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【背景】蜡蚧刺束梗孢(Akanthomyces lecanii)是重要的生防类虫生真菌,其线粒体基因组详细信息未见报道。【目的】系统研究蜡蚧刺束梗孢线粒体基因组信息,有助于明确该菌准确的系统发育地位,并为虫草科(Cordycipitaceae)真菌物种的系统发育、资源保护和开发利用提供分子依据。【方法】通过对蜡蚧刺束梗孢RCEF6920完整线粒体基因组进行测序,利用生物信息学分析其组成特征、序列重复、系统发育分析、共线性分析,以及与其他虫草科真菌线粒体基因组进行比较。【结果】菌株RCEF6920的环状线粒体基因组全长24 577 bp,共编码43个基因,由15个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因和26个tRNA基因组成。仅鉴定出一个内含子,其阻断rnl基因并鉴定出编码核糖体蛋白S3 (rps3)的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF) orf447。基因组核苷酸组成存在A+T偏移(72.89%)。26个tRNA基因可转运全部20种氨基酸,并表现为典型的三叶草结构。蛋白质编码基因中频率最高的密码子是AGA,其中精氨酸和亮氨酸出现频率最高,蛋氨酸和色氨酸出现频率最低。蛋白编码基因的系统发育关系显示,刺束梗孢属(Akanthomyces)和萨姆森虫草属(Samsoniella)互为姊妹属。与虫草科其他物种相比,蜡蚧刺束梗孢线粒体基因组较小,除部分虫草属(Cordyceps)物种外,在虫草科物种共线性较好。【结论】本研究获得了蜡蚧刺束梗孢的线粒体基因组全序列及相关信息。蛋白编码基因的系统发育分析支持了蜡蚧刺束梗孢的独立分类地位,也表明虫草科真菌线粒体基因组结构较保守。 相似文献
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该研究以茶树基因组数据库为基础,采用RT-PCR技术,从茶树‘龙井43’中克隆得到基因CsCIGR。序列分析显示,CsCIGR基因开放阅读框长度为1 677 bp,编码588个氨基酸。进化分析表明,CsCIGR属于GRAS家族的PAT1亚家族。多序列比对显示,茶树CsCIGR蛋白与其他植物的GRAS蛋白氨基酸序列具有很高的相似性。氨基酸理化性质分析显示,CsCIGR转录因子属于亲水性蛋白。亚细胞定位预测显示,CsCIGR可能位于细胞核中。启动子预测分析发现,CsCIGR启动子区域包含胁迫响应元件(STRE)、干旱应答元件(MYC)、厌氧诱导元件(ARE)等多种与逆境响应相关的顺式作用元件。荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,CsCIGR基因在低温(4℃)、高温(38℃)、干旱(200 g·L~(-1) PEG)、高盐(200 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl)胁迫下均能诱导表达,且对高盐,低温和高温胁迫响应更为明显,推测CsCIGR基因在茶树响应逆境胁迫中发挥重要作用。该研究为茶树抗性育种筛选基因提供了重要理论依据。 相似文献
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Lothar Geitler 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1983,142(1-2):129-135
This paper deals with a filamentousCyanophycea from aSphagnum bog whose position in the current system is dubious. A characteristic feature, among others, is a certain rhythm of cell division and bipartition of the filaments. As a consequence, only 8-, 16- and 32-celled filaments are present in the population. An occasional disturbance of the rhythm is transitory. In the longitudinal direction the filaments exhibit mirror symmetry in regard to their middle. 相似文献
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Cyanobacterial biovolume is used as a guide to the public health risk from these organisms for users of potable and recreational waters. Most routine surveillance programs preserve phytoplankton samples before analysis. We tested the effect of Lugol's Iodine, a common preservative, on the cell biovolume of four common freshwater cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena circinalis, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanocapsa incerta. Linear dimensions and cell area were measured with an image analyser. All four species shrank after preservation. The magnitude of shrinkage varied with species and preservation time but was not affected by Lugol's concentration. The maximum shrinkage in each species was a 30–40% reduction compared to the live cell biovolume. These results suggest shrinkage can be a greater source of uncertainty in estimating the biovolume of toxigenic cyanobacteria in aquatic environments than natural variability in the cell dimensions, instrument precision or cell counting. Standardised cyanobacterial biovolume lists based on agreed geometric shapes and formulae would improve the value of this information for public health risk assessment. 相似文献