乳杆菌在模拟肉制品条件下结合苯并芘的效果

【背景】乳杆菌对众多致癌物具有吸附作用,但关于乳杆菌结合吸附苯并芘特性的研究并不多。【目的】探讨戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus) ML32和植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)121对加工肉制品中苯并芘的吸附能力与吸附机制。【方法】基于HPLC检测菌体对不同模拟加工处理方式肉品中的苯并芘的吸附率。【结果】植物乳杆菌121和戊糖乳杆菌ML32对模拟油炸、烟熏或烧烤方式处理肉中苯并芘的吸附率均在30%以上。菌株121对直接烟熏肉中的苯并芘吸附率为41.21%,直接油炸肉中吸附率为38.71%,直接烧烤肉中吸附率为37.51%;菌株ML32对间接烟熏肉中的苯并芘吸附率为40.02%,间接烧烤肉中吸附率为38.01%。植物乳杆菌121适合于去除高温长时间加工肉中的苯并芘,戊糖乳杆菌ML32则相反。另外,乳杆菌细胞壁中的肽聚糖或许在吸附过程中发挥了主要作用。【结论】两株乳杆菌121和ML32具有吸附某些加工肉制品中苯并芘的效果,或许可以作为一种方法用于消除某些肉制品中因苯并芘过量带来的风险。     

乳杆菌吸附苯并芘的特性

[目的]探讨植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)121和戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)ML32的苯并芘吸附作用与机制.[方法]采用高效液相色谱检测菌体对苯并芘的吸附率.[结果]菌株121和ML32对苯并芘的吸附率分别为65.9%和64.9%,这种吸附特性与菌体活力无关,随培养时间延长、温度提高以及细胞浓度的上升而增加.菌株121和ML32的吸附率在pH 4和5时达到最大,分别为87.6%和89.0%.当培养液中Ca2+或Mg2+浓度大于0.05mol/L时,菌体吸附率与盐离子浓度呈正相关.苯洗脱会导致乳杆菌所吸附的苯并芘减少90%.经碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、溶菌酶及TCA和SDS等方法处理后,菌体吸附率上升,且不易被苯去除.在胆盐及胃酸环境下,两株菌的吸附率均提高至70%以上,而胰蛋白酶的存在仅对菌株121的吸附率有较大影响.[结论]两株乳杆菌可以通过吸附作用从环境中清除苯并芘,其吸附效果与细菌细胞壁的结构和组成有关.     

一株高效聚磷解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其除磷条件优化

[背景]磷是引起水体富营养化的主要营养物质.生物除磷具有成本低、效率高且适用范围广等特点,成为近年来水处理研究领域的热点.目前虽然有一些聚磷菌被筛选获得,但它们的除磷效率不高,其除磷条件尚需优化.聚磷菌的固定化及回收利用也亟待研究.[目的]分离筛选并鉴定高效聚磷菌株,优化除磷环境条件,研究吸附材料对所筛菌株除磷的影响,...     

一株枯草芽胞杆菌分解淀粉能力的研究

目的:研究一株枯草芽胞杆菌分解淀粉的能力及其α-淀粉酶活性.方法:实验设无淀粉对照组及不同淀粉浓度实验组.接种枯草芽胞杆菌,37℃恒温摇床,200 r/min,连续培养,不同时间段内测酶活值、细菌计数及淀粉消耗量.结果:淀粉浓度在1.75%时淀粉消耗量、α-淀粉酶活性、细菌数及发酵生物量干重均较0.5%、1.0%实验组明显增加.结论:37℃温度下,枯草芽胞杆菌分解淀粉的能力很强.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌研究进展

解淀粉芽孢杆菌具有广泛的抗菌能力,在环保、种植业、水产养殖业具有广泛的应用前景。本文对近年来关于解淀粉芽孢杆菌的研究与探索,从分离、筛选、鉴定、优化培养、分子生物学鉴别、代谢产物分析及应用研究方面进行了总结。     

用EROD研究苯并芘和六氯苯的联合毒性作用

用7-乙氧基异叻唑酮-脱乙基酶(EROD)检测的方法,研究了苯并芘和六氯苯对日本青鳉肝脏EROD酶的比活力的影响。结果表明,苯并芘和六氯苯对EROD酶的比活力均有激活作用,在实验浓度范围内,EROD酶的比活力与两者浓度之间存在剂量-效应关系。苯并芘和六氯苯表现为一定的协同作用。实验同时发现日本青鳉在六氯苯和苯并芘中暴露后,EROD酶的比活力开始有一个短暂的降低,然后持续升高。对六氯苯和苯并芘暴露的最佳时间进行了探讨。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌机制研究进展

自然界中,细菌与细菌之间、细菌与其他生物之间存在广泛的相互作用。细菌产生的代谢物质可以提高自身在自然界中的竞争/生存能力。解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）能够产生种类繁多的抑菌物质,有效地抑制真菌和其他细菌的活性,是一类应用较广的生防菌。到目前为止,解淀粉芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用研究已经广泛开展,但是生物体是复杂多变的,仍然有很多东西是未知的,并且利用解淀粉芽孢杆菌进行生物防治的前景十分广阔,所以加强对抑菌物质的机制研究、提取相关抗菌物质尤为关键。本文综述了国内外有关解淀粉芽孢杆菌的抑菌机制研究,为进一步探究解淀粉芽孢杆菌的抑菌机制、抑菌基因和基因工程菌做好铺垫。     

耐镉甲基营养芽胞杆菌吸附条件的优化及其抗逆性

【目的】对所筛选的1株耐镉甲基营养芽胞杆菌NTGB29进行了环境抗逆性的研究,及影响菌株吸附镉离子效率的条件优化。【方法】以发酵液活菌数为指标,研究其对不同NaCl浓度、酸碱度、镉离子浓度的耐受情况;进一步通过单因素实验和响应面法优化影响菌株镉离子吸附效率的发酵条件;以有效镉离子含量为指标,验证菌株在镉污染土壤中的吸附效果。【结果】结果表明,菌株NTGB29对NaCl浓度、酸碱度、Cd²⁺浓度的最大耐受值分别为10%、pH11.0、50mg/L;菌株在发酵液初始Cd²⁺浓度10 mg/L、起始pH 6.4、培养温度37°C、NaCl浓度4.2%、装液量50 mL/250 mL、培养时间24 h时,对Cd²⁺的吸附率达到79.70%;菌株能有效降低镉污染土壤中的有效镉离子含量,吸附率为29.65%。【结论】菌株NTGB29在较高浓度Cd²⁺浓度、NaCl浓度及强碱环境条件下仍然能够生长,具有良好的环境抗逆性及Cd²⁺吸附能力,在镉污染土壤调理剂及微生物功能菌剂的研制方面能够提供有价值的菌种资源。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌SC1150 的抑菌活性及其液体发酵条件的优化

通过比较解淀粉芽孢杆菌SC1150 菌株发酵液对香蕉枯萎病菌4 号生理小种的抑菌活性, 对解淀粉芽孢杆菌SC1150 菌株液体发酵条件进行了优化研究。结果显示: 在固体培养条件下解淀粉芽孢杆菌SC1150 菌株对测试的8 种作物病原菌均有抑制作用, 其中对香蕉枯萎病菌4 号生理小种的抑制作用特别强烈, 其抑菌圈直径达到23.31 mm。以香蕉枯萎病菌4 号生理小种为指示菌, 对该活性SC1150 菌株的液体发酵条件进行优化, 液体发酵培养基各组分的最佳配比为0.5%可溶性淀粉(碳源)、1.5%蛋白胨+酵母粉(1︰1)的混合氮源、0.1%NaCl; 最佳培养条件: pH 6.5、30 ℃、摇床转速确180 rmin–1。优化后SC1150 菌株对香蕉枯萎病菌4 号生理小种的抑菌圈直径达到 28.33 mm。     

Zn对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8生物膜形成及拮抗能力的影响

【背景】锌（Zn）是一种微量元素,对细菌细胞的结构和调节系统非常重要。细菌在环境中会受到高浓度锌离子影响,进而影响其自身的功能。【目的】研究Zn对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8生物膜及拮抗松枯梢病病菌能力的影响,探讨二者之间的联系和可能的作用机制,为生防菌在不同环境条件下的应用提供理论依据。【方法】观察解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8在不同浓度锌离子条件下生物膜的形成情况,采用平板对峙法探究非致死浓度的锌离子对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8拮抗松枯梢病病菌效果的影响,通过RT-qPCR检测ZnCl₂处理后生物膜相关基因的表达,检测抗菌产物的生成情况。【结果】300 μmol/L ZnCl₂对解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8的生长量无影响,但显著抑制了JK-JS8生物膜形成能力及拮抗病原菌能力。Zn胁迫下,tasA、spo0A和bamD等生物膜相关基因的表达量与对照组相比明显下调,通过液相色谱检测到抑菌产物bacillomycin D的产量在24、48和72 h时分别降低了39.1%、58.8%和61.0%。【结论】环境中的锌离子浓度过高会影响解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK-JS8的生物膜形成,进而降低其拮抗病原菌的能力。     

Pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene Metabolism by an Aspergillus Terreus Strain Isolated from a Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polluted Soil

A strain of Aspergillus terreus was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) polluted soil. The metabolism of pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene by this fungus was investigated in liquid submerged culture added of 50 and 25 ppm respectively of each compound. Depletion of pyrene and Benzo(a)pyrene was evident during the first stages of growth and was 60% and 27.5% respectively of the added amount after nine days of culture. Solvent extracts of the fermentation broth and mycelium were analysed for presence of metabolites by HPLC-MS technique. Under the present cultural conditions pyrene was mainly metabolised to pyrenylsulfate similarly to benzo(a)pyrene that led to benzo(a)pyrenylsulfate. The structure of 1-pyrenilsulfate was determined after purification of extracts and H-NMR analysis. The result show that the isolated A. terreus strain metabolises PAHs by reaction similar to those previously reported for non lignolinolytic fungi with a mechanism that suggests the hydroxylation by a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase followed by conjugation with sulfate ion.     

Analysis of fish bile with HPLC — fluorescence to determine environmental exposure to benzo(a)pyrene

Brown bullhead from the Black River, Ohio, have a high incidence of liver neoplasia which is associated with elevated concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment. We evaluated the use of biliary concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] equivalents as a means for determining PAH exposure. Bile was collected from 16 brown bullheads and 8 common carp taken from each of two Lake Erie tributaries in Ohio, the industrialized Black River and the non-industrialized Old Woman Creek. Hatchery bullhead (n = 8) were used to determine base levels of PAHs. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) — fluorescence technique was used to determine the concentration of B(a)P equivalents in the bile samples. The area of all peaks fluorescing at 380/430 nm was summed to give a single value for B(a)P equivalents in each sample. Concentrations of B(a)P equivalents generally reflected concentrations of PAH in sediment where fish were collected. Bile taken from Black River carp contained the highest concentration of B(a)P equivalents and was significantly different from all other groups. The value obtained for Black River bullhead was also high and was found to be significantly different from hatchery bullhead. B(a)P equivalents varied between carp and bullhead from the same habitat possibly because of differing food habits or metabolic pathways. However, our results indicate that relative levels of B(a)P equivalents in the bile of fish correspond well to B(a)P levels in sediment and may offer a means of determining environmental exposure of fish to the parent compound.     

Development of two cloned epithelial cell lines from normal adult mouse and rat ventral prostates

Summary Two epithelial cell lines were established, one from adult C3H mouse and one from adult Fischer rat ventral prostate. These cell lines were obtained from explant cultures, using Ham's F12 medium supplemented with HEPES, insulin, testosterone, hydrocortisone, epidermal growth factor, and 7.5% fetal bovine serum. A low concentration of trypsin and EDTA in Ca⁺⁺-and Mg⁺⁺-free phosphate buffer was used for passaging the cells. The rat cell line was established following implantation of prostate tissue in nude mice. These cell lines stained positively for acid phosphatase and were dependent upon epidermal growth factor for growth. Morphological studies, including electron microscopy, revealed a highly characteristic epithelial morphology of both cell lines. These cell lines have hypotetraploid chromosome numbers and are capable of metabolizing benzo(a)pyrene. We propose the application of these cells as models for the study of prostate carcinogenesis. This work was supported in part by Grant CA-21, 746, and by the Electron Microscope Core Facility on Grant CA-14,089, from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.     

苯并［a］芘在土壤－水－水稻系统中传输动力学研究

建立了ＢａＰ在土壤水稻系统中传输模型,并对其在系统各组分中的含量变化做了定量分析。实验求得了ＢａＰ在系统各相间传输速度常数和分配系数。揭示了水中ＢａＰ向水稻体传输路径和它们的速度大小。水稻从水中吸收ＢａＰ的速度比其从土壤中吸收的速度高４倍,水中ＢａＰ向土壤沉积速度比水稻从水中吸收ＢａＰ的速度高７倍。水中ＢａＰ在迁移到达水稻体之前,绝大部分被土壤牢牢吸附而很难被水稻吸收。     

Benzo(a)pyrene-binding proteins of hamster embryo cell nuclei: comparison of nuclear isolation procedures

Hamster embryo cells metabolize benzo(a)pyrene to derivatives that covalently modify the nuclear macromolecules including proteins. Not all proteins are modified to the same extent nor by the same metabolites. In particular, a protein of apparent molecular weight 32,000 is highly modified by derivatives of trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxy B(a)P. This protein is shown here to be preferentially lost from nuclei during purification by centrifugation through high molarity sucrose solutions followed by osmotic shock. It does not appear to be a cytoplasmic contaminant, but shares many properties of an abundant protein from Xenopus laevis oocytes, nucleoplasmin.     

Effects of the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on the wasp,Bracon hebetor

A single oral dose of the tumor promoter, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), caused a rapid necrosis of the ovarioles, aberrations in the developmental sequence of oocytes, and a concomitant dose-dependent decline in egg production in the wasp, Bracon hebetor. TPA and its metabolities were found to have a biological half life of 26.7 h, with a peak concentration in the ovarioles in 3 h. Damage to ovariole tissue was persistent despite the relatively short half life. Other tissues in the wasp were largely unaffected, although TPA induced lethargy that persisted until death. There was no shortening of life span. Inhibition of intercellular transport and metabolic cooperation may account for decreased fecundity and fertility, but interaction with a phorbol ester receptor is more likely to account for developmental changes and central nervous system poisoning.     

Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene by Human Epithelial and Fibroblastic Cells: Metabolite Patterns and DNA Adduct Formation

We demonstrate in cell culture that mammary epithelial cells from normal human breast specimens metabolize benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and form adducts with the bases of their DNA more readily and at lower concentrations of BaP than do fibroblasts from the same specimens. BaP metabolism and adduct formation was determined in the same incubations with epithelial cells grown out in early passage from each of three specimens and with fibroblasts from one of these specimens. The metabolite pattern of the epithelial cells was indicative of preferential formation of 7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-dihydroepoxybenzo(a)pyrene the ultimate carcinogen. In contrast, fibroblasts formed mainly mono- and dihydroxide derivatives of BaP. The metabolite pattern from epithelial cells was compatible with the ease in which adducts between DNA and the diolepoxide of benzo(a)pyrene were formed. These results provide evidence that chemical carcinogens should be considered as possible factors in the induction of breast cancer in women.     

Stabilization of Membrane Bound Enzyme Profiles and Lipid Peroxidation by Withania Somnifera Along with Paclitaxel on Benzo(a)pyrene Induced Experimental Lung Cancer

The present study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Withania somnifera along with paclitaxel on lung tumor induced by benzo(a)pyrene in male Swiss albino mice. The levels of ATPase enzymes and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in lung cancer bearing mice, in erythrocyte membrane and tissues. The extent of peroxidation was estimated by measuring the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. Simultaneously the activities of different ATPases (Na⁺/K⁺-ATPases, Mg²⁺-ATPases and Ca²⁺-ATPases) were determined. The alterations of these enzyme activities in membrane and tissues were indicative of the tumor formation caused by benzo(a)pyrene (50 mg/kg body weight, orally) in cancer bearing animals. The activities of these enzymes were reversed to near normal control values in animals treated with Withania somnifera (400 mg/kg b.wt, orally) along with paclitaxel (33 mg/kg b.wt, i.p). Treatment with Withania somnifera along with paclitaxel altered these damage mediated through free radicals, and the treatment displays the protective role of these drugs by inhibiting free radical mediated cellular damages. Over, based on the data providing a correlation Withania somnifera along with paclitaxel provide stabilization of membrane bound enzyme profiles and decreased lipid peroxidation against benzo(a)pyrene induced lung cancer in mice.