毛蕊异黄酮通过JAK2/STAT3信号通路抑制大鼠动脉粥样硬化

摘要 目的：探究毛蕊异黄酮（CA）治疗动脉粥样硬化（AS）的作用及其机制。方法：将10只未建模和给药的Wistar大鼠作为对照组（Control组）,50只AS建模Wistar大鼠随机分为AS模型组（AS组）、低剂量CA组（L-CA组,10 mg/kg）、中剂量CA组（M-CA组,50 mg/kg）、高剂量CA组（H-CA组,100 mg/kg）和阳性药物辛伐他汀组（Sim组,2 mg/kg）,每组10只。每天给药1次,连续4周。通过苏木精伊红（HE）染色观察大鼠胸主动脉组织的病理变化。按照试剂盒说明书测定各组大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平。将大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）分为6组,Control组、血管紧张素Ⅱ（Ang Ⅱ）组（10-6 mmol/L Ang Ⅱ）、Ang Ⅱ+0.1 CA组（10^-6 mmol/L Ang Ⅱ+0.1 mg/L CA）、Ang Ⅱ+1 CA组（10^-6 mmol/L Ang Ⅱ+1 mg/L CA）、Ang Ⅱ+10 CA组（10^-6 mmol/L Ang Ⅱ+10 mg/L CA）、Ang Ⅱ+1 CA+AG490（10^-6 mmol/L Ang Ⅱ+50 μmol/L AG490）组。通过CCK-8法和EdU染色测定VSMC的增殖,Transwell测定VSMC的迁移。通过免疫荧光染色检测VSMC中的α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）表达。通过Western blot检测大鼠胸主动脉组织和VSMC中的α-SMA、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、JAK2、p-JAK2、STAT3、p-STAT3的蛋白表达。结果：L-CA组、M-CA组、H-CA组和Sim组大鼠胸主动脉的病变均较AS组减轻,其中H-CA组和Sim组形态改善最明显。与AS组相比,M-CA组、H-CA组和Sim组大鼠的血清中TC、TG、LDL-C和MDA水平降低（P<0.05）,血清HDL-C和SOD水平升高,胸主动脉组织中的α-SMA蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.05）,OPN的蛋白表达水平及JAK2和STAT3的蛋白磷酸化水平降低（P<0.05）。与Ang Ⅱ组相比,Ang Ⅱ+1 CA组、Ang Ⅱ+10 CA组和Ang Ⅱ+1 CA+AG490组的相对细胞活力和EdU阳性率降低（P<0.05）,迁移细胞数降低（P<0.05）,α-SMA相对荧光强度和蛋白表达水平升高（P<0.05）,OPN的蛋白表达水平及JAK2和STAT3的蛋白磷酸化水平降低（P<0.05）。结论：CA可减轻AS大鼠的胸主动脉病变、纠正血脂代谢和氧化应激失衡,其机制可能与CA对VSMC表型转化和JAK2/STAT3信号通路的抑制有关。     

Dihydroartemisinin as a Putative STAT3 Inhibitor,Suppresses the Growth of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Targeting Jak2/STAT3 Signaling

Developing drugs that can effectively block STAT3 activation may serve as one of the most promising strategy for cancer treatment. Currently, there is no putative STAT3 inhibitor that can be safely and effectively used in clinic. In the present study, we investigated the potential of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) as a putative STAT3 inhibitor and its antitumor activities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The inhibitory effects of DHA on STAT3 activation along with its underlying mechanisms were studied in HNSCC cells. The antitumor effects of DHA against HNSCC cells were explored both in vitro and in vivo. An investigation on cooperative effects of DHA with cisplatin in killing HNSCC cells was also implemented. DHA exhibited remarkable and specific inhibitory effects on STAT3 activation via selectively blocking Jak2/STAT3 signaling. Besides, DHA significantly inhibited HNSCC growth both in vitro and in vivo possibly through induction of apoptosis and attenuation of cell migration. DHA also synergized with cisplatin in tumor inhibition in HNSCC cells. Our findings demonstrate that DHA is a putative STAT3 inhibitor that may represent a new and effective drug for cancer treatment and therapeutic sensitization in HNSCC patients.     

骨髓间充质干细胞通过JAK／STAT3信号通路抑制树突状细胞成熟

骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,bMSCs）具有自我更新、支持造血、多向分化和低免疫原性等特点,在调控树突状细胞（dendritic cells,DCs）成熟的过程中发挥重要作用。为了探讨bMSCs调控DCs成熟的机制,本研究通过分离培养正常捐献者bMSCs,并分离获取外周静脉血单个核细胞,诱导未成熟的树突状细胞（immature dendritic cells,imDCs）和成熟的树突状细胞（mature dendritic cells,mDCs）生成。根据Genebank中人STAT3全长基因序列,设计针对STAT3的siRNA。根据培养条件不同设计实验分组：正常bMSCs与imDCs共培养（阴性对照组）,转染siRNA的bMSCs与imDCs共培养（siRNA组）、加入JAK/STAT通路抑制剂AG490的bMSCs与imDCs共培养（AG490组）、加入TNF-α诱导的mDCs（阳性对照组）共4组,共培养72 h,流式细胞术分析DCs表型变化,ELISA检测培养液上清中IL-12水平变化。结果显示,阴性对照组不表达CD40、CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA DR标志树突细胞成熟的分子,而表达CD11b,其表型与imDCs一致;而siRNA组和AG490组的DCs表达CD40、CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA-DR等标志分子,而不表达CD11b,其表型与TNF-α诱导成熟的mDCs表型一致;siRNA组、AG490组和阳性对照组的IL-12水平较阴性对照组的IL-12水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,但siRNA组、AG490组和阳性对照组之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）。以上结果表明,通过siRNA和抑制剂AG490阻断bMSCs中JAK/STAT3通路促进了imDCs的成熟,提示bMSCs通过JAK/STAT3通路参与调控imDCs成熟。     

MicroRNA-34a通过多向调控促癌基因抑制肾癌细胞生长

目的:探讨microRNA-34a(miR-34a)在肾癌细胞中的生物学作用及调控机制.方法:应用miR-34amimics在体外转染769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞;运用qRT-PCR检测miR-34a在三个细胞株的相对表达情况,以及转染后癌基因mRNA的表达情况;观察miR-34a对细胞生长的影响.结果:769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞中miR-34a在786-O中表达最低,769P次之,Caki-1表达最高;利用miR-34a mimics升高769P,786-O和Caki-1细胞miR-34a,发现三个细胞株多个癌基因mRNA表达不同程度的降低(P＜0.05)及生长和集聚能力的降低.结论:miR-34a可能通过调控多个癌基因表达在肾癌中起抑癌作用.miR-34a mimics可抑制肾癌细胞的生长,因此miR-34a有可能作为肾癌基因治疗的新靶点.     

Berberine Inhibits Invasion and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells via COX-2/PGE2 Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway

Berberin, extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Coptis chinensis, has been found to have anti-tumor activities. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Our current study demonstrated that berberin inhibited the in vitro and in vivo growth, migration/invasion of CRC cells, via attenuating the expression levels of COX-2/PGE₂, following by reducing the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3, as well as the MMP-2/-9 expression. We further clarified that an increase of COX-2/PGE₂ expression offset the repressive activity of Berberin on JAK2/STAT3 signaling, and a JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 blocked the effect of COX-2/PGE₂ on MMP-2/-9 expression. In summary, Berberin inhibited CRC invasion and metastasis via down-regulation of COX-2/PGE₂- JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.     

过氧亚硝基阴离子通过JAK/STAT信号途径促进系膜细胞纤连蛋白的合成

氧化应激是糖尿病肾病的重要发病机制之一。过氧亚硝基阴离子(peroxynitrite,ONOO–)是参与氧化应激损伤的重要成员,与糖尿病及其并发症密切相关。该文观察高糖环境下ONOO–对系膜细胞合成纤连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)的影响,并探讨其作用机制。实验中,人肾小球系膜细胞分为4组:正常对照组、高糖组、高糖+尿酸组及高糖+AG490组。培养12,24,48 h后收集细胞及其上清液、并提取细胞总蛋白。采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测细胞上清液中FN的含量,采用免疫细胞化学和Western blot检测NT总蛋白(ONOO–生成的生物标志物)、p-JAK2及p-STAT3蛋白的表达。结果显示,与同期正常组相比,高糖组NT总蛋白、p-JAK2及p-STAT3的表达及FN含量明显增高(P<0.05),并且随着时间的延长表达逐渐增多,以48 h组最为显著;高糖+尿酸组,NT、p-JAK2、p-STAT3及FN较高糖组明显减少(P<0.05);高糖+AG490组,p-JAK2、p-STAT3及FN较高糖组明显减少(P<0.05),但NT表达与高糖组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。由此可见,高糖环境下系膜细胞中存在ONOO–的过量表达,ONOO–通过JAK/STAT信号途径促进系膜细胞FN的合成。     

New Role of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling in Endothelial Cell Oxidative Stress Injury and Protective Effect of Melatonin

Previous studies have shown that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a regulatory role in cellular oxidative stress injury (OSI). In this study, we explored the role of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced OSI and the protective effect of melatonin against (H₂O₂)-induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). AG490 (a specific inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway) and JAK2 siRNA were used to manipulate JAK2/STAT3 activity, and the results showed that AG490 and JAK2 siRNA inhibited OSI and the levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. HUVECs were then subjected to H₂O₂ in the absence or presence of melatonin, the main secretory product of the pineal gland. Melatonin conferred a protective effect against H₂O₂, which was evidenced by improvements in cell viability, adhesive ability and migratory ability, decreases in the apoptotic index and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and several biochemical parameters in HUVECs. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that H₂O₂ treatment increased the levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Cytochrome c, Bax and Caspase3 and decreased the levels of Bcl2, whereas melatonin treatment partially reversed these effects. We, for the first time, demonstrate that the inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway results in a protective effect against endothelial OSI. The protective effects of melatonin against OSI, at least partially, depend upon JAK2/STAT3 inhibition.     

Requirement of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor or Epidermal Growth Factor for Pre-Implantation Embryogenesis via JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathways

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) plays a key role in the survivability of mouse embryos during pre-implantation. In this study, we verified the role of LIF by detecting gene expression in morula stage embryos through DNA microarray. Our results showed that LIF knockdown affected expression of 369 genes. After LIF supplementation, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) is most affected by LIF expression. To observe the correlation between LIF and EGF, the LIF knockdown embryos were supplemented with various growth factors, including LIF, EGF, GM-CSF, TGF, and IGF II. Only LIF and EGF caused the rate of blastocyst development to recover significantly from 52% of control to 83% and 93%, respectively. All of the variables, including the diameter of blastocysts, the number of blastomeres, and cells in ICM and TE, were almost restored. Moreover, EGF knockdown also impaired blastocyst development, which was reversed by LIF or EGF supplementation. The treatment with various signaling suppressors revealed that both EGF and LIF promoted embryonic development through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. These data suggest that the EGF and LIF can be compensatory to each other during early embryonic development, and at least one of them is necessary for sustaining the normal development of pre-implantation embryos.     

MiR-506 Is Down-Regulated in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Inhibits Cell Growth and Metastasis via Targeting FLOT1

Background

Some microRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed in cancer and contribute to tumorigenesis. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-506 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods

miR-506 expression was detected in renal cancer cell lines 786-O, ACHN, Caki-1, and Caki-2 and ccRCC specimens by quantitative real-time-PCR. We assessed the association of miR-506 expression with pathology and prognosis in ccRCC patients. We over-expressed and knocked-down miR-506 expression in two renal cancer cell lines, 786-O and ACHN, and assessed the impact on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the target gene of miR-506 in renal cancer cell lines.

Results

miR-506 was significantly down-regulated in renal cancer cell lines and ccRCC specimens. Low miR-506 expression in ccRCC specimens was associated with an advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis. miR-506 expression was an independent prognostic marker of overall ccRCC patient survival in a multivariate analysis. Over-expression of miR-506 in renal cancer cells decreased cell growth and metastasis, In contrast, down-regulation of miR-506 expression promoted renal cancer cell growth and metastasis. FLOT1, a potential target gene of miR-506, was inversely correlated with miR-506 expression in ccRCC tissues. Consistent with the effect of miR-506, knockdown of FLOT1 by siRNA inhibited cell malignant behaviors. Rescue of FLOT1 expression partially restored the effects of miR-506.

Conclusions

miR-506 exerts its anti-cancer function by directly targeting FLOT1 in renal cancer, indicating a potential novel therapeutic role in renal cancer treatment.     

RGS16 Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Mitigating Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling

Aberrant activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway supports growth of many tumors including those of breast, lung, and prostate. Resistance of breast cancer cells to targeted chemotherapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) has been linked to persistent PI3K activity, which may in part be due to increased membrane expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors (HER2 and HER3). Recently we found that proteins of the RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) family suppress PI3K activity downstream of the receptor by sequestering its p85α subunit from signaling complexes. Because a substantial percentage of breast tumors have RGS16 mutations and reduced RGS16 protein expression, we investigated the link between regulation of PI3K activity by RGS16 and breast cancer cell growth. RGS16 overexpression in MCF7 breast cancer cells inhibited EGF-induced proliferation and Akt phosphorylation, whereas shRNA-mediated extinction of RGS16 augmented cell growth and resistance to TKI treatment. Exposure to TKI also reduced RGS16 expression in MCF7 and BT474 cell lines. RGS16 bound the amino-terminal SH2 and inter-SH2 domains of p85α and inhibited its interaction with the EGF receptor-associated adapter protein Gab1. These results suggest that the loss of RGS16 in some breast tumors enhances PI3K signaling elicited by growth factors and thereby promotes proliferation and TKI evasion downstream of HER activation.The role of the PI3K³ pathway in cell proliferation and survival, adhesion, metabolism, migration, drug resistance, and cytoskeletal rearrangement is well documented (1–3). Mutations in PI3K and dysregulation of the PI3K pathway have been implicated in many human cancers including lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and melanoma (4–8). Because the PI3K signal is a gatekeeper for tumor growth, an understanding of its regulation is critical for the therapeutic intervention of cancer.PI3K, which catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate from phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (9, 10), is activated by extracellular receptor tyrosine kinases including the EGF receptor (EGFR or HER) family, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and the insulin growth factor receptor. HER stimulation activates Class IA PI3Ks consisting of dimers of p85α or β and either p110α, β, and δ catalytic subunits (11). Tyrosine phosphorylation of the adapter protein Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) recruits p85 to the EGFR complex through a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain in p85 (12), which co-localizes the catalytic p110 subunit and membrane phospholipid substrates at the plasma membrane. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate generated by PI3K activity recruits phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 through its pleckstrin homology domain, which in turn phosphorylates the mitogenic and antiapoptotic kinase Akt. Substrates of Akt include mTOR, BAD, IKK, FOXO, p27, MDM2, and GSK3β, all of which are signaling molecules with vital functions in cell cycle regulation and growth (3). Overexpression of Akt has been shown in several tumors such as ovarian and breast carcinoma and may lead directly to transformation of malignant melanoma (5).Proteins of the RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) family mediate cellular desensitization to G protein-coupled receptor stimulation. RGS proteins act as GTPase-accelerating proteins to reduce the life span of activated (GTP-bound) Gα subunits of the G protein-coupled receptor signal-transducing heterotrimeric G protein (13). The R4 subfamily of RGSs (RGS1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 13, 16, 18, and 21) are the smallest members of the family, containing few residues outside of the ∼120-amino acid RGS domain that mediates binding to Gα proteins and GTPase-accelerating protein activity. We found recently that several R4 RGS proteins interacted with the phosphorylated p85α subunit of PI3K (14). In mast cells, RGS13 inhibited PI3K activation induced by high affinity IgE receptor (FcϵRI) cross-linking by antigen. FcϵRI stimulates PI3K by recruiting its catalytic p110δ subunit through p85 binding to a multi-protein complex that includes Gab2 and Grb2 at the plasma membrane (15). PI3K has an essential function in allergic responses (16). As a result of increased PI3K activation, mice deficient in RGS13 had more IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis (14).RGS16, an R4 RGS protein homologous to RGS13, was identified originally as a p53 target gene in breast and colon cancer cells (17, 18). Recent analysis of 222 primary breast cancers found a high rate (50%) of genomic instability at the RGS16 locus (19). Because RGS16 associates with both EGFR (20) and p85α (14), we investigated how it affected the growth and survival of breast cancer cells. We found that RGS16 directly bound the amino-terminal SH2 and inter-SH2 domains of phosphorylated p85α, which mediate p110 and adapter binding and membrane localization (21). RGS16 overexpression in MCF7 breast cancer cells suppressed proliferation and EGF-induced Akt phosphorylation, whereas extinction of RGS16 expression increased cell growth and resistance to TKI treatment. Thus, through regulation of PI3K activity, RGS16 may limit proliferation of mammary cells and render cancer cells more susceptible to TKIs or other therapeutic compounds.     

NOK通过JAK2依赖性方式激活STAT3信号通路

NOK能激活包含JAK-STAT信号通路在内的多种促细胞有丝分裂信号通路.研究发现,在人胚肾细胞(HEK293T)中,NOK与STAT3具有直接的相互作用.进一步的实验表明,NOK能同STAT3蛋白除螺旋结构域及c端结构域外的其他4个结构域发生相互作用,而NOK的胞内区则介导了NOK同STAT3的相互作用.同时,免疫共沉淀实验显示,NOK能与JAK2发生相互作用.重要的是,共同表达NOK与JAK2蛋白对STAT3信号通路能产生一种非常显著的协同激活作用,但当共同表达NOK和JAK2的激酶活性缺失突变体时,并不产生这种协同激活效应.综上,实验结果显示,NOK可能同STAT3和JAK2形成一个复合物,通过JAK2依赖性方式激活STAT3信号通路.     

Suppression of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Reduces End-to-End Arterial Anastomosis Induced Cell Proliferation in Common Carotid Arteries of Rats

Background

JAK2/STAT3 pathway was reported to play an essential role in the neointima formation after vascular intima injury. However, little is known regarding this pathway to the whole layer injury after end-to-end arterial anastomosis (AA). Here, we investigated the role of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in common carotid arterial (CCA) anastomosis-induced cell proliferation, phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and re-endothelialization.

Methods

CCAs of adult male Wistar rats were resected at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after end-to-end CCA anastomosis. Activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway was detected by Western blotting and Immunofluorescence, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by Q-PCR and Western blotting. Under the treatment with AG490 (a JAK2 inhibitor), protein levels of JAK2, STAT3 and PCNA, morphological changes of artery, phenotypic change of VSMCs, and re-endothelialization were measured by Western blotting, H&E, Q-PCR, and Evans blue staining respectively.

Results

The protein levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, and PCNA were up-regulated, peaked on the 7^th day in the vessel wall after AA. AG490 down-regulated the levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, and PCNA on the 7^th-day-group, resulting in reduced vessel wall proliferation on the 7^th and 14^th day after AA. Besides, AG490 switched the phenotypic change of VSMCs after AA representing inhibited mRNA levels of synthetic phase markers (osteopoitin and SMemb) and up-regulated contractile phase markers (ASMA, SM2 and SM22α). Furthermore, AG490 did not affect the re-endothelialization process on all indicated time points after AA (the 3^rd, 7^th, 14^th, and 30^th day).

Conclusion

Our study indicated that JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway played an important role on cell proliferation of the injured vessel wall, and probably a promising target for the exploration of drugs increasing the patency or reducing the vascular narrowness after AA.     

Shengxuening Extracted from Silkworm Excrement Mitigates Myelosuppression via SCF-Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Signaling

Shengxuening (SXN) is a Chinese patent medicine with main ingredients (including chlorophyll derivatives and sodium iron chlorophyllin) extracted from silkworm excrement. SXN exhibited efficacy in clinical trials of renal anemia and iron deficiency anemia; however, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study found that SXN increased the number of peripheral blood cells and improved the bone marrow morphology in myelosuppressed mouse model, reversed the reduction in body weight and spleen indices, and increased the serum levels of erythropoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Quantitative real-time PCR array and Western blot analysis showed the enhanced expression of stem cell factor (SCF), JAK2, and STAT3 in the liver. These results suggested that SXN promoted the recovery of hemopoietic function in myelosuppressed models by increasing the secretion of hematopoietic factors and activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, this medicine may be applied as therapeutic pharmaceutical drug to mitigate myelosuppression.     

JAK2/STAT3信号通路在门静脉高压大鼠模型脾脏纤维化过程中的作用

目的:探讨Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶2/信号转导子和转录激活子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路在门静脉高压大鼠模型脾脏纤维化过程中的表达和作用.方法:采用缩窄门静脉的方法制备门静脉高压大鼠模型,通过给予JAK2特异性抑制剂AG490阻断JAK2/STAT3信号通路.30只SD(Sprague Dawley)大鼠随机分为单纯手术组、AG490组、假手术组(n=10).AG490组每天给予5 mg/kg体重的AG490,另外两组每天给予相同体积的生理盐水,连续2周后处死大鼠,计算各组脾指数,Masson三色染色检测脾脏组织纤维化程度,免疫组织化学和Western blotting检测脾脏组织中磷酸化STAT3 (p-STAT3)蛋白的表达水平.结果:单纯手术组p-STAT3蛋白水平较假手术组明显升高(P＜0.05),AG490组较单纯手术组明显降低(P＜0.05);单纯手术组脾指数、脾脏纤维化程度较假手术组明显升高(P＜0.05),AG490组较单纯手术组明显降低(P＜0.05);p-STAT3蛋白水平与脾脏纤维化程度呈明显的正相关趋势(r=0.897,P＜0.05).结论:JAK2/STAT3信号通路与门静脉高压大鼠脾脏纤维化过程关系密切,阻断该通路可以减轻门静脉高压脾脏纤维化的程度.     

The InR/Akt/TORC1 Growth-Promoting Signaling Negatively Regulates JAK/STAT Activity and Migratory Cell Fate during Morphogenesis

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