A new species of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

During a study of the genus Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, a new species Phyllanthus gongyloides Cordeiro & Carneiro-Torres sp. nov. was found and is described and illustrated here. It is probably endemic to the area and is placed in subgen. Phyllanthus , sect. Phyllanthus , subsect. Clausseniani G. L. Webster. A new couplet to Webster's available key to the subsection is provided . © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 146 , 247–250.     

Pollen morphology and phylogenetic relationships in neotropical Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)

In order to provide new insights into phylogenetic relationships among the neotropical taxa of Phyllanthus , 28 illustrations are provided of the pollen grains of 22 selected species studied from 11 sections of the subgenera represented in the neotropics. Special attention has been given to subgenus Conami because of its variability in pollen morphology: of eight species illustrated, the apertures are diploporate colpi in three species and pores in five species; exine ornamentation is vermiculate in two species and pilate in the other six species. The six species in the neotropical sections Pityrocladus and Microglochidion (subgenus Emblica ) are characterized by prolate grains with an increased number of colpi (4–8). Of particular interest are species in which the pollen exine is clypeate (with exine shields); clypeate pollen grains are illustrated in two species of subgenus Xylophylla and in one species of section Cyclanthera that has unique exine shields with single central pila. The pollen of the one Brazilian phylloclade-bearing species illustrated (in section Choretropsis ) has 3-colporate grains with reticulate exine, typical for subgenus Phyllanthus , and very different from the clypeate grains of the West Indian phylloclade-bearing species in section Xylophylla . This pollen evidence clearly demonstrates homoplasy in the origin of phylloclades in Phyllanthus . Pollen morphological data suggest that the neotropical taxa of Phyllanthus have arisen following colonization from Africa (subgenus Kirganelia ) and Asia (subgenus Emblica ). © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 138 , 325–338.     

江西宁都凌云山自然保护区蜘蛛资源初报

凌云山自然保护区位于江西省赣州市宁都县西北部边境,属雩山山脉中段。其地理坐标为东经115°50′16″-116°1′40″,北纬26°50′42″-27°2′11″,总面积11260hm^2。蜘蛛是农林生态系统害虫天敌的主要类群,也常作为生态系统稳定的指示生物。作者等人通过对凌云山自然保护区蜘蛛资源及区系分布进行野外调查、标本采集和分类鉴定等,发现该保护区有蜘蛛32科96属165种,其中,有5个江西新记录科,1个中国新记录种,29种江西新记录种和33未确定种。     

Phyllanthus xylorrhizus (Phyllanthaceae), a new species from Somalia

The new species Phyllanthus xylorrhizus, from limestone rocks along the coast of north-eastem Somalia, is described, illustrated, and compared with two other Somali endemics, P.lunifolius and P. spinosus.     

Revision of New World Species of the Shore-fly Subgenus Allotrichoma Becker of the Genus Allotrichoma with Description of the Subgenus Neotrichoma (Diptera, Ephydridae, Hecamedini)

The New World species of the subgenera Allotrichoma Becker and Neotrichoma (new subgenus) are revised, including a phylogenetic analysis of the species groups and subgenera within the genus Allotrichoma. For phylogenetic perspective and to document the monophyly of the genus Allotrichoma and its included subgenera and species groups, we also provide a cladistic analysis of genera within the tribe Hecamedini. The ingroup included seven exemplar congeners from within Allotrichoma. Outgroup sampling included exemplars of other genera within Hecamedini and from the putative sister group, Lipochaetini, and to root the analysis, we used an exemplar of the tribe Discocerinini. Analyses with successive weighting and implied weighting recovered a monophyletic Allotrichoma and indicated clades within the genus. Eight new species are described (type locality in parenthesis): Allotrichoma bifurcatum (Utah. Utah: Lake Shore (40°06.9'N, 111°41.8'W; 1370 m)), Allotrichoma dynatum (Oregon. Benton: Finley National Wildlife Refuge (44°24.6'N, 123°19.5'W)), Allotrichoma occidentale (Oregon. Lake: Lakeview (44 km E; Drake Creek; 42°11'N, 119°59.3'W)), Allotrichoma robustum (California. Kern: Kern River (35°16.1'N, 119°18.4'W)), Allotrichoma sabroskyi (New Mexico. Sandoval: La Cueva (Junction of Highways 126 and 4; 35°52'N, 106°38.4'W; 2342 m)), Allotrichoma wallowa (Oregon Baker: Goose Creek (35 km E Baker City; 44°49.2'N, 117°27.79'W; 825 m)), Allotrichoma baliops (Florida. Monroe: Key West (Willie Ward Park; 24°32.9'N, 81°47.9'W)), and Allotrichoma insulare (Dominica. Cabrits Swamp (15°35'N, 61°29'W)). Within Allotrichoma, we recognize three subgenera of which one, Neotrichoma (type species: Allotrichoma atrilabre), is newly described. All known species from the New World are described with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. Detailed locality data and distribution maps for the New World species are provided. A lectotype is designated for Discocerina simplex Loew and a neotype is designated for Allotrichoma bezzii Becker. Allotrichoma filiforme Becker, Allotrichoma trispinum Becker, and Allotrichoma dahli Beschovski are reported as new synonyms of Allotrichoma simplex (Loew) and Allotrichoma yosemite Cresson is a new synonym of Allotrichoma atrilabre Cresson. We also clarify the status of previously described species, including those with Holarctic distributions. For perspective and to facilitate genus-group and species-group recognition, the tribe Hecamedini is diagnosed and a key to included genera is provided.     

Miscellaneous Notes on Orchids in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan,China

Xishuangbanna, lying between 99°56´ and 101°50´E longitude and 21°08´ and 22°36´ N latitude of southern Yunnan, is located on the northern fringe of the tropics. Its orchid flora is very rich but little known to the outside world. From 1980 to 1992, the authors tripped seven times to that region collecting and studying orchids there. As a result, 335 species and two varieties belonging to 96 genera were identified as indigenous to Xishuangbanna region. Among them, two genera (Pennilabium J. J. Sm. & Parapteroceras Averyanov), 50 species are new to China, 190 species new to this region, and 21 species and one variety are endemic to Xishuangbanna. It is interesting to note that both genera and species native to Xishuangbanna are more than those in Hainan and comparable to those in Taiwan, though the collection in this region is not complete.     

中国离鞘隐翅虫属一新种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,异形隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国离鞘隐翅虫属1新种,二郎山离鞘隐翅虫Platystethus erlangshanus sp.nov.,记录本属的4个已知种,沙离鞘隐翅虫Platystethus arenarius(Geoffroy),1785,天离鞘隐翅虫Platystethus tian Zheng,2000,膜离鞘隐翅虫Platystethus dilutipennis Cameron,1913和凹离鞘隐翅虫Platystethus crassicornis M otschulsky,1857,这些种首次在四川一些地区被记录。列出10个中国已知种的检索表。所有模式和观察标本保存在西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室。     

Phyllanthus section Choretropsis (Euphorbiaceae) in Brazil

Section Choretropsis genus Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) is formed by plants whose branches are modified into phylloclades. Despite the suitable characteristics of phylloclades within the Phyllanthus genus, the systematics of these species are poorly understood. Morphological data are presented here to allow future revision of this taxonomic group. The section is represented by nine species distributed in South America, eight of them endemic to Brazil. Our taxonomic studies distinguish the species and propose the synonymization of nine varieties of P. klotzschianus and two varieties of P. flagelliformis based on vegetative and reproductive characters. The diversity of branching and the morphology of phylloclades are discussed.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 150 , 131–164.     

广东南岭国家级自然保护区大东山昆虫名录(Ⅰ)

报道广东南岭国家级自然保护区大东山管理站所辖林区蜻蜓目、蜚蠊目、螳螂目、等翅目、竹节虫目、直翅目和革翅目等7目昆虫名录,计有53科169属253种,其中蜻蜓目1种、竹节虫目8种、直翅目1种为本研究发现的新种。     

海南霸王岭发现库蠓属二新种(双翅目:蠓科)

2009年在海南霸王岭(19.0°N,109.0°E)的昆虫调查采集中,采获许多蠓类,经分类研究,发现其中有二种库蠓新种,分别命名为霸王岭库蠓Culicoides bawanglingensis Yu,Wang and Chen,sp.nov.和曲囊库蠓Culicoides reduncutheca Yu,Wang and Tan,sp.nov.。这2种库蠓属新种的模式标本珍藏于医学昆虫标本馆(北京丰台东大街20号,100071)。     

中国蕨叶蜂亚科三新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述中国蕨叶蜂亚科3新种:美斑长片叶蜂Neothrinax formosula Wei et Xiao,sp.nov,.糙眶侧齿叶蜂Neostromboceros punctiorbita Wei et Xiao,sp.nov和.周氏侧齿叶蜂Neostromboceros zhousyi Wei et Liu,sp.nov。.     

Evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in New Caledonian Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)

About half a dozen obligate pollination mutualisms between plants and their seed-consuming pollinators are currently recognized, including fig-fig wasp, yucca-yucca moth, and the recently discovered Glochidion tree-Epicephala moth mutualisms. A common principle among these interactions is that the pollinators consume only a limited amount of the seed crop within a developing fruit (or fig in the case of fig-fig wasp mutualism), thereby ensuring a net benefit to plant reproduction. A novel obligate, seed-parasitic pollination mutualism between two species of New Caledonian Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae), a close relative of Glochidion, and Epicephala moths (Gracillariidae) is an exception to this principle. The highly specialized flowers of Phyllanthus are actively and exclusively pollinated by species-specific Epicephala moths, whose larvae consume all six ovules of the developing fruit. Some flowers pollinated by the moths remain untouched, and thus a fraction of the fruits is left intact. Additional evidence for a similar association of Epicephala moths in other Phyllanthus species suggests that this interaction is a coevolved, species-specific pollination mutualism. Implications for the evolutionary stability of the system, as well as differences in mode of interaction with respect to the Glochidion-Epicephala mutualism, are discussed.     

浮姬蜂属二新种(膜翅目,姬蜂科)并附中国已知种检索表

报道在江西和河南发现的浮姬蜂属Phobetes Frster,1869的种类,其中有2新种:白环浮姬蜂Ph.albiannularissp.nov.和河南浮姬蜂Ph.henanensis sp.nov.;中国1新纪录种:北海道浮姬蜂Ph.sapporensis(Uchida,1930)。指出了新种与近似种的鉴别特征,并附彩色特征图。编制了该属中国已知种的检索表。     

Badister Clairville 1806: A new species and new continental record for the nominate subgenus in Amazonian Perú (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Licinini)

Badister (Badister) amazonussp. n. is described from Perú, Loreto, 1.0 km SW Boca del Rio Samiria, Vigilante Post 1, 130m, "04°40.5'S, 074°18.9'W" its type locality. It is known also from two other localities in Loreto Department, Perú, in both the Varzea and Igapó river systems. This new species is sufficiently different that a new informal higher taxon, the amazonus species complex, is recognized. An updated key to the Western Hemisphere species of subgenus Badister is provided.     

Phyllanthus brunelii sp.nov. (Euphorbiaceae) from Thailand

Phyllanthus brunelii Roux, a new shrubby species from Thailand is described. P. brunelii has apparently until now been confused with P. reticulatus Poir. Its pollen structure suggests affinities between the subgenera Kirganelia (A. Juss.) Webster and Gomphidium (Baill.) Webster.     

中国斑栉叶蜂属研究及二新种(膜翅目,叶蜂科)

记述中国叶蜂科、蔺叶蜂亚科、斑栉叶蜂属2新种,白股斑栉叶蜂Brykella albofemorata sp.nov.和大斑栉叶蜂B.magna sp.nov.。提供了栉爪叶蜂族Anisoarthrini分属检索表,描述了斑栉叶蜂属属征,编制了斑栉叶蜂属分种检索表。     

甘肃敦煌方头甲二新种记述(鞘翅目：方头甲科)

记述采自中国甘肃省敦煌的主尖甲科昆虫二新种：褶基方头甲Cyboceophalus conduplicatus sp.nov.和敦煌方头甲Cybocephalus dunhuangensis sp.nov.。模式标本保存在华南农业大学昆虫标本室。