Early Cretaceous Palynoflora from Anchow Basin,Korea

Fifty-nine species of fossil spores and pollen referred to 34 genera found from the Lower Cretaceous Longpan Formation in Anehow Basin of North Korea have been studied. Two species were described as new. The palynoflora of the Longpan Formation was characterized by its predominance of gymnosperms and subdominance of pteridophyta. A few primitive angiospermous pollen grains occured in the middle to upper part of the formation. Coniferae was dominant in the whole palynoflora, while Lygodiaceae and Schizaeaceae were dominant in the pteridophyta. The important species of spores and pollen comprised Cicatricosisporites dorogensis, C. subrotundus, L ygodioisporites gemmatus, Concavissimisporites asper, C. variverrucatus, C. penolaensis, Trilobosporites minor, Klukisporites variegatus, K. pseudoreticulatus, K. scaberis, Sch, izaeoisporites cretacius, S. certus, S. zizyphinus, S. gansuensis, Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis, Converrucosisporites saskatchewanensis, Densoisporites microrugulatus, Parvisaccites radiatus, Platysaccus oculus, P. gansuensis, Podocarpidites canadensis, AbietineaepoUenites minimus, Pinuspollenites insignis, Cedripites cretaceus, C. canadensis, Classopollis classoides, C. annulatus, C. minor, C. anchowensis, Cycadopites minimus, Ephedripites tarimensis, and Clavatipollenites hughesii. The palynoflora is comparable with that of the Changcai Formation of the Yanbian District of the Jilin Province of China. It is suggested that the Longpan Formation of North Korea should belong to Barremian to Aptian in age. Judging from the palynoflora, the Early Cretaceous palaeoclimate in the Anchow Basin should belong to the semi-arid type of the subtropic zone.     

塔里木盆地北部早白垩世孢粉组合

根据建组部面和４个钻井剖面舒善河组孢粉化石的研究,建立５个孢粉组合,自老而新为Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ高含量组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ组合,Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｌｙｇｏｄｉｕｍ－ｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ组合和Ｄｉｃｈｅｉｒｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ高含量组合。根据舒善河组的时代为早白     

新疆塔里木拜城地区早白垩世舒善河组孢粉组合

基于新疆塔里木盆地北部拜城卡普沙良河剖面下白垩统舒善河组发现的29属48种孢子花粉的研究,建立舒善河组自下而上的4个孢粉亚组合,分别为Classopollis-Cycadopites-Lygodioisporites-Biretisporites(CCLB)亚组合,Classopollis-Dicheiropollis-Schizaeoisporites-Klukisporites(CDSK)亚组合,Classopollis-Dicheiropollis-Par-visaccites-Lygodiumsporites(CDPL)亚组合和Classopollis-Dicheiropollis-Pinuspollenites-Impardecispora(CDPI)亚组合。舒善河组孢粉植物群以松柏类掌鳞杉科植物占优势以及真蕨类海金沙科的繁盛为主要特征。该孢粉植物群与欧洲、亚洲、美洲和澳大利亚早白垩世尼欧克姆期孢粉植物群可以对比。根据孢粉学证据,舒善河组的时代属于尼欧克姆期或欧特里夫期至巴列姆期。     

新疆塔里木盆地早白垩世克孜勒苏群孢粉组合

基于新疆塔里木盆地西南区和东南区下白垩统克孜勒苏群发现的孢子花粉57属96种的研究,建立了克孜勒苏群下亚旋回和上亚旋回孢粉组合,并根据孢粉组合讨论了地层时代。克孜勒苏群孢粉组合以松杉目的优势、真蕨目海金沙科的显赫和原始被子植物的出现为特征。克孜勒苏群下亚旋回孢粉组合与欧洲韦尔登期(陆相尼欧克姆期)和北美巴列姆期孢粉组合可以对比,克孜勒苏群上亚旋回孢粉组合与欧亚大陆、北美和澳大利亚阿普第期至阿尔必期孢粉组合可以对比。根据孢粉学证据,克孜勒苏群下亚旋回应属于尼欧克姆期,或赫特里夫期至巴列姆期,克孜勒苏群上亚旋回应归于阿普第期至阿尔必期。     

朝鲜安州盆地早白垩世孢粉组合

报道朝鲜安州盆地下白垩统龙盘组孢子花粉３４ 属５９ 种（包括２ 新种）,并根据孢粉组合讨论了地质时代和古气候特征。龙盘组孢粉组合以裸子植物花粉为主,蕨类植物孢子次之,出现少许原始被子植物花粉。松柏纲花粉在组合中占绝对优势;海金沙科和莎草蕨科孢子则在蕨类中占优势。根据孢粉组合,龙盘组的时代应属早白垩世巴列姆期至阿普第期;安州盆地当时气候温暖偏干,属亚热带半干旱型     

民和盆地早白垩世晚期的孢粉组合

民和盆地的甘肃兰州柴家台地区,下白垩统河口组上亚组含有较丰富的孢粉化石。上亚组上部是以Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ为代表的孢粉组合,并可划分出上下两个亚组合,分别以Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ和Ｐｉｃｅａｐｏｌｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ来表示。通过对主要孢粉属种地史分布规律的分析和与国内外各地同时代孢粉组合的对比,认为其地质时代是早白垩世晚期的Ａｐｔｉａｎ－Ａｌｂｉａｎ 期,上部的第二亚组合可能更晚,为Ａｌｂｉａｎ 期;孢粉化石产出的这段地层是迄今民和盆地所发现的下白垩统最高的层位     

Palynostratigraphical dating of the Lower Cretaceous Peñaferruz Formation,San Pedro de Antromero Beach (Asturias Region,northwestern Iberian Peninsula)

A palynological assemblage of five Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic levels corresponding to the Peñaferruz Formation in San Pedro de Antromero Beach, has been studied to determine the exact age of this formation. An age no older than the Aptian is suggested on the basis of the palynoflora, based on the presence of Trilobosporites hannonicus, Cicatricosisporites venustus, Cicatricosisporites berouensis, Ephedripites dudarensis, and Reticulisporites semireticulatus. This age assignment implies a new relationship between the Peñaferruz and Antromero formations, the Peñaferruz Formation being younger than previously thought. This possibly makes both formations contemporaneous, at least at the San Pedro de Antromero Beach section, suggesting a lateral change of facies between these deposits.     

Petroleum Sporo-Pollen Assemblages and Oil Source Rock of Yumen Oil bearing Region in Gansu

Twenty-six species (or forms) of fossil pollen and spores referred to 24 genera extracted from the crude oil samples collected from the Yumen oil-bearing region in West Gansu are observed and the definition of the petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage is given by the authors. On the basis of palynological investigation, the oil source rock of this oil-bearing region is tentatively discussed in this paper. The fossil pollen and spores found from the Tertiary petroleum in this region may be divided into two groups, because they are extremely different in fossilized state. The group of spores and pollen with higher fossilized state is mainly consisted of Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus, Gibotiumspora paradoxa, Monosulcites minimus and Bennettiteaepollenites sp. The other group comprises Pinus, Picea, Ephedra, Potamogeton, Lilium, Ulmus, Chenopodium, Nymphaea, Eutrema, Lens, Nitraria, Tamarix, Achillea, Artemisia, Solidago, Bidens, Graminidites, Cypheraceaepollis, etc. The above mentioned petroleum sporo-pollen assemblage of the tertiary oil reservoir rock is a gathering of fossil pollen and spores brought from the Lower Cretaceous deposits and the tertiary deposits respectively. The appearance of the Early Cretaceous pollen and spores bearing in the black shales of the Lower Xinminbu Formation in the tertiary petroleum may be considered to be a result of petroleum migration. And it reflects that the oil source rock might belong to Early Cretaceous Series. The fossil pollen and spores extracted from the Early Cretaceous petroleum in this region contain merely Schizaeoisporites zizyphinus, Monosulcites minimus, Bennettiteaepollenites sp., Psophosphaera, etc. The tertiary pollen and spores are completely absent there. So it indicates that both the oil source rock and the oil reservoir rock should belong to the fossil-bearing Lower Xinminbu Formation. In addition, there are some pollen of Monosulcites and Psophosphaera in the petroleum reserved in the fissures of the Silurian metamorphic rock. They are also probably brought from the Lower Xinminbu Formation by oil and gas in the process of their migration. In any case, judging from the pollen and spores found from the crude oil, the oil source rock of this oil-bearing region is deduced to be the black shales of the Lower Xinminbu Formation referred to as Early Cretaceous Epoch.     

Angiosperm pollen grains of San Just site (Escucha Formation) from the Albian of the Iberian Range (north-eastern Spain)

The most complete angiospermous palynological assemblage for the middle-earliest late Albian of north-eastern Spain is reported from the Middle Member of the Escucha Formation at the San Just site. Nine palynological samples yielded mainly monosulcates (Clavatipollenites, Dichastopollenites, Hammenia, Jusinghipollis, Liliacidites, Pennipollis including proposed new species P. escuchensis, Retimonocolpites, and Transitoripollis) and a few tricolpates (Phimopollenites, Rousea, Striatopollis, and Tricolpites). These assemblages, mainly composed of angiosperm pollen grains, suggest that significantly diversified flowering plants flourished both in brackish and freshwater swamp plain environments represented by the Escucha Formation in Albian times, although they were less diverse than angiosperms in the Late Cretaceous. The palynological assemblages share greatest similarities with those of other southern Laurasian localities, although there are some taxa more typical of palynofloras of northern Gondwana.     

Parahorologinella gen.nov.--松辽盆地早白垩世孢形体一新属

Parahorologinella gen．nov．是一类多细胞、单层的定形群体化石,亲缘上可能与绿藻植物门有关。属下仅一种：P．ciconica gen．etsp．nov．,产于松辽盆地东南部登楼库组第三段。据同层孢粉化石的研究,时代为早白垩世阿尔必期,代表微咸一淡水的沉积环境。     

A new subdivision of the Albian spore-pollen zonation of Australia

The Albian spore-pollen zonation of Australia is used to date terrestrial sequences from Antarctica to New Zealand. A detailed qualitative and quantitative study of the Albian Crybelosporites striatus and Coptospora paradoxa Zones in the Gippsland Basin confirms many of the published zone indicator taxa are reliable. The first and last appearance datums can be further refined quantitatively based on the upward reduction in the abundance of seed fern produced pollen. Three subzones are defined in the C. paradoxa Zone using a combination of presence/absence range and abundance data. These are (from oldest to youngest): the Trilobosporites trioreticulosus, Pilosisporites grandis and Cicatricosisporites cuneiformis Subzones. This latter subzone presents a new subdivision of this zone in the Gippsland Basin in southeast Australia. All these subzonal divisions have sufficient resolution to facilitate reservoir-scale correlation of fluvial strata confined to the C. paradoxa Zone in the Gippsland Basin. This study has the first record of Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus in the Early Cretaceous of Australia and a new species Aequitriradites burgerii is described. A re-examination of the chronology of the zones in the Cretaceous marine basins confirms a 103.5 Ma age for the top of the C. paradoxa Zone, however the chronology of the base of this zone is unclear in the Albian.     

三水盆地早白垩世白鹤洞组的被子植物花粉*

系统描述了区内早白垩世白鹤洞组的被子植物花粉,11属20余种.结合前人研究成果,对一些容易混淆的属种作了区分性的讨论.据所发现的被子植物花粉的组合面貌,将白鹤洞组归人中晚阿尔必期.     

新疆塔里木盆地中侏罗世塔尔尕组孢粉植物群及地层和古地理意义

新疆塔里木盆地侏罗系分布广泛,在库车凹陷和塔西南区发育最好。目前对库车凹陷的三叠纪和侏罗纪孢粉植物群研究较为深入,而对塔西南区侏罗纪孢粉化石专题研究不多,尚未建立孢粉组合。作者基于塔西南区乌恰中侏罗统塔尔尕组发现的孢子花粉33属48种的研究,建立了塔尔尕组孢粉组合。该组合以掌鳞杉科花粉Classopollis的优势和真蕨目桫椤科孢子Cyathidites的繁盛为特征,并含有丰富多样且颇具侏罗纪色彩的孢子花粉化石类型。该组合与西欧和俄罗斯巴柔期至巴通期孢粉组合以及北美和澳大利亚巴柔期至卡洛夫期孢粉组合可以进行对比;与我国新疆库车恰克马克组、陕西延安直罗组和湖北兴山沙溪庙组等孢粉组合也可对比。根据孢粉学证据,塔尔尕组的时代应属于中侏罗世晚期(巴通期至卡洛夫期)。当前孢粉植物群支持我国侏罗纪南北植物地理区系之西端分界之划分方案,即塔西南乌恰处于界线以南,而库车处于分界以北。     

江汉盆地渔洋组上部的古新世孢粉组合

20世纪70至80年代,几乎所有关于江汉盆地跑马岗组和渔洋组的古生物文献都将其时代确定为晚白垩世。李伟同在深入地研究了跑马岗组标准剖面上的轮藻化石后提出跑马岗组大部分属于古新统。取自层位与跑马岗组相当的渔洋组上段上部的岩芯样品经分析后获得了丰富的孢粉化石。这一组合总的面貌与王大宁等获得的晚白垩世渔洋组的第三组合区别明显,而与古近纪的新沟嘴组的第四组合相似处很多。在该孢粉植物群中,常见于当地的晚白垩世分子,如希指蕨孢属、克拉梭粉属、江汉粉属、刺参粉属、鹰粉属等没有或极少见到。而在本组合常见的南岭粉属、五边粉属、漆树粉属等多出现在我国南方古新世地层中。因此,其时代很有可能为古新世。如果是这样,渔洋组上部有可能跨越了白垩系和古近系界线。从当前孢粉植物群含有很多亚热带成分以及麻黄粉属以及胡颓子粉属、忍冬粉属等看,它反映了江汉盆地当时偏干旱的亚热带气候。     

中国白垩纪被子植物花粉的宏演化

根据中国白垩纪被子植物花粉产出记录与形态构造分析以及与世界其它地区产出顺序比较,假设中国白垩纪被子植物花粉的宏演化序列,共划分为１０个发育阶段,归于７个形态演化期：１）欧特里夫期至早巴列姆期的无口器类演化期（含：１：１网纹无口器粉发育阶段）;２）晚巴列姆至晚阿普梯期的单沟类演化期（含：２：１。棒纹粉发育阶段;２．２,星粉－棒纹粉发育阶段）;３）早,中阿尔必期的三沟类演化期（含：３．１,三沟粉类－星     

辽宁义县金家沟义县组砖城子层孢粉组合

辽宁义县金家沟义县组砖城子层的孢粉组合是以无肋双囊类花粉为主(占组合的70%左右),伴以少量Cicatricosisporites,Jugella,Ephedripites,Jiaohepollis等为特征,其基本面貌与北票黄半吉沟义县组尖山沟层的孢粉组合类似,时代同属早白垩世贝利亚斯期,反映温暖湿润的气候环境。     

Stellatopollis花粉之发现及其意义

本文描述了首次发现于我国早白圣世的原始被子植物花粉Ｓｔｅｌｌａｔｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ。这一发现进一步表明，这类花粉在早白垩世期间分布广泛，是早期被子植物花粉组合的重要组成部分，对大范围内的地层对比和早期被子植物演化的研究具有重要的价值。本文还介绍了我们所使用的对同一粒花粉进行光镜和扫描电镜联合观察照相的一种既简单又经济的方法．     

滇西保山地区丁家寨组生物群的时代

首次系统描述保山地区丁家寨组的类化石,详细讨论丁家寨组所产类和腕足类动物群及孢粉植物群的时代和性质,提出丁家寨组的时代应与华南早二叠世的紫松阶相当,即相当于国际上的Ａｓｓｅｌｉａｎ阶至Ｓａｋｍａｒｉａｎ阶。确认丁家寨组不存在不同时代化石的再沉积混杂或大量化石时代倒置的异常现象。丁家寨组出现特提斯型Ｅｏｐａｒａｆｕｓｕｌｉｎａ动物类;腕足类组合属介于西澳区和泰马区之间的过渡动物群,西澳区的色彩较浓;     

Remarkable preservation of a new genus and species of limuline horseshoe crab from the Cretaceous of Texas,USA

Abstract: A single specimen, part and counterpart of a carapace, of a horseshoe crab from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Glen Rose Formation in north‐central Texas, forms the basis for the definition of a new genus and species, Crenatolimulus paluxyensis. The discovery represents only the fifth limuline known from the Cretaceous. Its preservational style is remarkable in that the carapace exterior is faithfully replicated by a massive overgrowth of serpulid worms.     

内蒙古开鲁盆地早白垩世阜新组孢粉组合

开鲁盆地陆家堡坳陷白垩系十分发育,富含各门类生物化石。根据坳陷内钻井所采样品,系统研究了早白垩世阜新组孢粉化石,建立以Cicatricosisporites Laevigatosporites Tricolpopollenites 为代表的孢粉组合。根据典型分子时代分布及横向组合对比,确定其地质时代为巴列姆—阿普第期,孢粉植物群反映的气候特征为潮湿的亚热带。