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在甜椒(Capsicum annuum L.)中,靠近花粉中部的绒毡层自药隔产生,由较大的细胞组成,而花药外部区域的其余的绒毡层细胞较小,来自于初生壁层,前者的细胞具有大液泡和较大的细胞核,甲基绿-派罗宁和汞-溴酚蓝染色反应较后者弱,在造孢组织时期,二者液泡内都含有较大的球形的酸性磷酸酶颗粒,在以后的发育中,这种颗粒消失,在减数分裂时期,两种绒毡层的DNA,RNA和蛋白质合成活动增强,来自药隔的绒毡层积累了更多的DNA,绒毡层在解体时酸性磷本酶活性很高,两种不同的绒毡层退化过程相似,在全部发育过程中绒毡层内无淀粉粒。 相似文献
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Akira Takatsuki Kenji Kawamura Yoshio Kodama Teiichiro Ito Gakuzo Tamura 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):761-764
The structures of ten fatty acids, which were obtained by the hydrolysis of tunicamycin complex, were determined. GLC-mass, 1H NMR and IR spectra showed that the major acids were trans-α, β-unsaturated iso acids with the formula C14H28O2, C16H28O2, C16H30O2 and C17H32O2. The minor acids were α, β-unsaturated normal acids and saturated normal and iso acids. 相似文献
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Fine structural events in the mature stylar transmitting tissue ofsweet pepper (Capsicum frutescens L. var. grossum Bally) have been investigated byelectron microscope with regard to pollen tribe grwoth. The transmitting tissue consists of parenchymatous cells with large intercellular spaces filled with an electron densesubstance. The pollen tubes grow through the intercellular spaces in the intercellular substance. Cells of this tissue are rich in organelles, especially the rough and tubular ER, and numerous lomasomes near the plasma membrane. It is demonstrated that they function as secretory cells. On the other hand, the fact that the transmitting tissue contains many large amyloplastids with several starch grains in the cytoplasm and numerous globular protein bodies in vacuoles, indicates that the transmitting tissue mayhave some nutritive value for the growth of pollen tubes. The results obtained from this observation are in agreement with those of mostspecies reported by other authors and support the conclusion that the transmitting tissue is not a collenchyma tissue and the nature of intercellular substances is essentially same as that of the middle lamella. 相似文献
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Franck-Duchenne Martine Wang Yuwen Ben Tahar Sofia Beachy Roger N. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1998,53(2):79-84
In vitro regeneration of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cvs Jupiter and Pimiento Perfection) has been performed via direct
organogenesis. The resulting shoot-buds were placed on media containing 24-epi-brassinolide (EBR) 0.1 μM, a plant steroid
lactone, in the presence or absence of zeatin 9.1 μM plus GA3 5.2 μM for further stem elongation. Different responses to these
treatments were recorded depending upon the protocols used and the genotypes tested. It appears that EBR does not always act
directly on stem elongation but may be an elicitor and/or an enhancer of elongation in concert with endogenous and other exogenously
added growth regulators. Elongated shoots were easily rooted with alpha-naphtalenacetic acid 0.5 μM (0.1 mgl-1) and transfered
to soil, and following acclimation were taken to maturity in the greenhouse.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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González-Mendoza D A García-López C Ceceña Duran O Grimaldo-Juarez M Aviles-Marín Y Pérez-Luna P Álvarez-Gutiérrez 《Phyton》2015,84(2):345-350
We studied the changes in the number of leaves, roots and height on three cultivars of Capsicum anuumm (Jalapeño, Serrano and De árbol) after inoculation with Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19. Results indicated that Glomus intraradices FS18 produced greater effects on height (6.12 and 5.63 cm) and number of leaves (10.66 and 5.84) in the cultivars “Jalapeño” and “De árbol”, respectively. On the other hand, Glomus zac-19 stimulated the number of leaves and roots in “Serrano” pepper (6.17 leaves and 15.31 roots) and “Arbol” (6.52 leaves and 26.32 roots). Our results demonstrate the capacity of Glomus intraradices FS18 and Glomus Zac-19 of stimulating seedling growth on the three cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. This demonstrates the potential for using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the production of plants of agronomic interest. 相似文献
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曾子申;胡峻;利容千 《武汉植物学研究》1985,3(4):439-442
本文对我国栽培辣椒Capsicum annuum L.的四个品种即汉川椒、华椒一号、牛角椒和二金条进行了核型分析,其染色体数目均为2n=2x=24,核型公式均为2n=24=20m+2sm+2st,但汉川椒和华椒一号具一对随体,牛角椒和二金条具两对随体。本文还对它们的进化关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
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自控玻璃温室环境气象条件对甜椒叶龄和果实生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据在自控玻璃温室内甜椒试验资料和同期的环境气象资料 ,运用数理统计分析方法 ,建立了甜椒叶龄模式、果实生长和果重模式。叶龄生长符合植物生长模型 ,影响叶龄生长的主要环境气象因子在打顶前是日平均气温 13~ 2 2℃的有效积温 ,打顶后是日平均气温 13~2 5℃的有效积温。影响甜椒果实膨大的主要环境气象因子是座果后的日平均气温 16~ 2 3℃的有效积温、日照、温度日较差和CO2 浓度 ,甜椒果实膨大与环境气象因子间的关系呈对数形式。果实生长期的长短与日平均气温 14~ 2 3℃的有效积温、日照、温度日较差和CO2 浓度有关。果实的重量与日平均气温 14~ 2 3℃的有效积温、温度日较差和CO2 浓度有关。开花前 2d至开花后 3d的日平均光照小于 1 5× 10 41x ,开花后 3~ 12d日较差小于 6 5℃ ,开花前 18d至开花后 3d日平均相对湿度大于 82 %时阴果明显增多 相似文献
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辣椒游离小孢子细胞团培养的胚状体形成 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从预培养15天后的花药中机械游离小孢子及其细胞团,经28℃液体悬浮暗培养.30天后,获得了自球形期胚到子叶期胚发育程度不等的各类胚状体。从12个花药中可以形成高达22个胚状体,且子叶期胚的比例约为23%。显微镜检表明,这些胚状体来自游离的小孢子细胞.经核的对称分裂形成多核细胞或者早期形成多细胞团,最后经细胞的分裂分化形成。胚状体体表具毛,活力有差异。在适当培养基上,具活力的鱼雷期及子叶期胚状体均能发育成正常植株。7℃、32℃、35℃8天的胁迫处理均能诱导小孢子胚状体发生。但花药培养中7℃、35℃处理下的出胚率较32℃下高,而游离小孢子细胞团培养中以35℃、32℃下较好。7℃处理下获得的胚状体数很少.对产生这种现象的原因进行了探讨。出胚率在基因型间,不同胁迫处理温度间表现明显差异。而在温度处理的不同天数间差异不明显。流式细胞仪对再生株真叶的DNA含量分析表明.获得的再生株中具有单倍体、双单倍体以及单倍一双倍嵌合体植株。本结果为进一步开展辣椒雄性生殖途径的胚状体发育研究。提高辣椒成熟胚状体的频率提供了实验体系。 相似文献
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Gerardo F. Barbero Ana C. de Aguiar Ceferino Carrera Ángel Olachea Marta Ferreiro‐González Julian Martínez Miguel Palma Carmelo G. Barroso 《化学与生物多样性》2016,13(8):1068-1075
The evolution of individual and total contents of capsaicinoids present in Peter peppers (Capsicum annuum var. annuum) at different ripening stages has been studied. Plants were grown in a glasshouse and the new peppers were marked in a temporal space of ten days. The extraction of capsaicinoids was performed by ultrasound‐assisted extraction with MeOH. The capsaicinoids nordihydrocapsaicin (n‐DHC), capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, and homodihydrocapsaicin were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)‐fluorescence and identified by UHPLC‐Q‐ToF‐MS. The results indicate that the total capsaicinoids increase in a linear manner from the first point of harvest at ten days (0.283 mg/g FW) up to 90 days, at which point they reach a concentration of 1.301 mg/g FW. The evolution as a percentage of the individual capsaicinoids showed the initial predominance of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and n‐DHC. Dihydrocapsaicin was the major capsaicinoid up to day 50 of maturation. After 50 days, capsaicin became the major capsaicinoid as the concentration of dihydrocapsaicin fell slightly. The time of harvest of Peter pepper based on the total capsaicinoids content should be performed as late as possible. In any case, harvesting should be performed before overripening of the fruit is observed. 相似文献
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研究了高温干旱胁迫对不同品种辣椒生长及呼吸作用的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫对正椒13号的生长无影响,对鸡爪×吉林的生长稍有抑制;干旱及高温干旱严重地抑制了辣椒的生长。干旱导致叶片相对电导率的增加高于高温,而高温加剧了干旱伤害程度,并且对鸡爪×吉林的伤害更大。高温处理引起了辣椒总呼吸、细胞色素呼吸和交替呼吸的增加。干旱胁迫抑制了细胞色素呼吸,但诱导了交替呼吸的增强;高温干旱共同胁迫加剧了总呼吸和细胞色素呼吸的下降,交替呼吸只在胁迫第一天被促进,随后立即下降。高温、干旱和高温干旱胁迫下正椒13号表现出了较鸡爪×吉林更强的交替呼吸和总呼吸。说明高温、干旱和高温干旱胁迫下辣椒保持较高的总呼吸和交替呼吸与其抗高温和/或干旱能力相关。 相似文献
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作物自交系间遗传差异的分析与评价是杂种优势育种和杂交育种成功的基础。鲜食尖椒类(Capsicum an-nuumvar.longum)品种是我国辣椒生产的主要品种类型之一。针对我国鲜食尖椒的育种目标,以国内外10份尖椒优良自交系为材料,利用相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)和简单序列重复(SSR)标记技术对其进行了遗传差异分析。结果显示:SRAP技术具有较高的位点和多态性检测能力,平均每次检测的位点数和多态性位点数分别为34个和10个,是SSR的10倍和5倍;辣椒自交系间基于SRAP标记的遗传距离和基于SSR标记的遗传距离之间的相关程度较低(r=0.144);基于SRAP标记和SSR标记联合数据计算的遗传距离,10个尖椒自交系被分为3大类,这种分类结果与辣椒杂种优势育种实践相一致。本研究结果表明,SRAP具有较高的遗传分析效力;基于不同分子标记遗传分析结果的差异与标记间共享位点的多少有关;10个尖椒自交系的分类结果可用于指导育种实践。 相似文献
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The processes of pollen grain development and germination depend on the uptake and metabolism of pollen sugars. In pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), initial sugar metabolism includes sucrose hydrolysis by invertase and subsequent phosphorylation of glucose and fructose by hexose kinases. The main objective of this study was to investigate changes in fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4) and hexokinase (EC.2.7.1.1) activities in pepper flowers during their development, and to study the possible roles of these enzymes in determining pollen germination capacity under high temperature and under CO(2) enrichment, previously shown to modify sugar concentrations in pepper pollen (Aloni et al., 2001 Physiologia Plantarum 112: 505-512). Fructokinase (FK) activity was predominant in pepper pollen, and increased during pollen maturation. Pollen hexokinase (HK) activity was low and did not change throughout pollen development. High-temperature treatment (day/night, 32/26 degrees C) of pepper plants reduced the percentage of pollen that germinated compared with that under normal temperatures (26/22 degrees C), and concomitantly reduced the activity of FK in mature pollen. High temperature also reduced FK and HK activity in the anther. Under high ambient CO(2) (800 micro l l(-1)) pollen FK activity was enhanced. The results suggest that pollen and anther FK may play a role in the regulation of pollen germination, possibly by providing fructose-6-phosphate for glycolysis, or through conversion to UDP-glucose (UDPG) to support the biosynthesis of cell wall material for pollen tube growth. High temperature stress and CO(2) enrichment may influence pollen germination capacity by affecting these pathways. 相似文献
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一个辣椒功能性雄性不育系的花器形态及遗传研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本报道了一个新型辣椒功能性雄性不育系的花器形态和遗传规律。研究表明,新发现的辣椒雄性不育花冠退化,大部分雄蕊萎缩,没有花丝、具发育不完整的花药;虽然花内1~2枚发育正常的雄蕊有少量可育花粉,但由于花萼畸长紧闭,不能开花。雌蕊发育正常,人工辅助自花或异花杂交可正常结果并产生种子。遗传杂交分析表明,该功能性雄性不育遗传上受一对隐性核基因控制,用基因的符号fms表示。 相似文献
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Sang Gyu Lee Sung Kyeom Kim Hee Ju Lee Hee Su Lee Jin Hyoung Lee 《Ecology and evolution》2018,8(1):197-206
Horticultural crop production and changes in physiological aspects during the growing season may be affected by climate change factors (CC), which include increased temperature and the associated doubling or tripling of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, the potential effects are complex and many parameters might impact on the observed effects. To evaluate the effects of CC, the growth, yield, fruit characteristics, photosynthetic traits, and morphological characteristics of hot peppers were investigated. The hot peppers were grown under two CC scenarios, with the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) of 4.5 (Temp.; +3.4°C, CO2 conc.; 540 μmol/mol, Precipitation +17.3%) and RCP 8.5 (Temp.; +6.0°C and CO2 conc.; 940 μmol/mol, Precipitation +20.3%), respectively, using extreme weather simulators. This was compared with existing weather conditions occurring in Jeonju, South Korea in terms of air temperature, relative humidity, radiation, and precipitation. Overall, the plant height showed the highest under moderate CC conditions (RCP 4.5) among all the treatments tested. The number of leaves in the RCP 8.5 condition showed 7,739/plants, which was 2.2 times higher than that of the control. In addition, fruit shape was shortened and percentage dry matter was also the highest. The yield of hot pepper in the CC RCP 4.5 and 8.5 conditions were decreased by 21.5% and 89.2% when compared with that of the control, respectively. The days to harvest in the condition of CC scenarios were shortened from 5 to 13 compared with that of control, predominantly due to the increased air temperature. The results indicated that the severe RCP CC scenarios made reduction in the yields and negative affection on the fruit qualities. Overall, hot pepper was tolerant of mild CC scenarios of temperature × CO2 but was significantly affected by more extreme CC interacting parameter concentrations (or similar). 相似文献