黄花补血草挥发性化学成分研究

为了研究黄花补血草挥发油的化学成分,本文采用了水蒸气蒸馏法从黄花补血草中提取挥发油,并用GC-MS法采用最佳分析条件对化学成分进行鉴定,用峰面积归一化法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量;通过研究,鉴定出70种化合物,其峰面积相对含量约占挥发油总量82.12%。黄花补血草挥发油的主要组分为2-硝基乙醇(59.63%)、正二十四烷(3.71%)、二苯胺(2.31%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五烷酮(1.79%)、正二十一烷(1.57%)、丙二醇(1.40%)等。     

黄花矶松中的酚性化学成分

从黄花矶松（兰雪科植物Limonium aureum（L.）Hill ex Kuntze的全草）中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为高北美圣草素（homoeridictyol,1）,柚皮素（narigenin,2）,北美圣草素（eriodictyol,3）,山奈酚（kaempferol,4）,槲皮素（quercetin,5）,杨梅素（myricetin,6）,没食子酸（gallic acid,7）.化合物4～7为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

NaCl处理下黄花补血草幼苗生理特性的变化

以荒漠盐生植物黄花补血草(Limonium aureum(Linn.) Hill)为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl处理下渗透调节物含量、活性氧产生和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果显示：NaCl处理诱导黄花补血草幼苗脯氨酸、可溶性糖和H2O2含量升高及超氧阴离子（O₂^-·）产生速率增大,可溶性蛋白含量在25和50 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理时低于对照,而100和150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl处理时显著增加;不同浓度NaCl处理下,黄花补血草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性显著升高,过氧化物酶活性与对照比呈现先增加后减小的变化,而过氧化氢酶活性表现为先降低后升高的变化趋势,但均低于对照。结果表明,黄花补血草在盐胁迫下通过积累渗透调节物和提高SOD、APX活性,使其具有较强的渗透调节能力和抗氧化能力,从而增强对盐环境的适应性。     

黄花补血草愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

以黄花补血草(Limonium aureum(L.)Hill.)无菌苗为材料,研究了不同激素配比条件下不同外植体愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生.结果表明,黄花补血草无菌苗叶片、叶柄和幼根均可作为离体培养的外植体,但叶片和叶柄的诱导率明显高于幼根.将外植体接种于分别添加0.5 mg/L NAA或1.0 mg/L 2,4-D或0.3-0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.5-2.0 mg/L NAA的MS培养基上,经过14-28 d培养后,可脱分化产生乳白色、红色或浅绿色颗粒状或致密愈伤组织,频率达到70%以上.在MS 0.3 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA培养基上,红色和绿色颗粒状愈伤组织经过1-2次继代后,均可分化产生不定芽,进而形成丛生芽,分化率达到100%.将高约3 cm的丛生芽切下,接种于分别添加0.5 mg/L IAA或0.5 mg/L IBA的1/2 MS培养基上可产生不定根,获得完整的再生植株.     

金色补血草花中黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性研究

研究了金色补血草花中黄酮类化合物在大豆油中的抗氧化活性.结果表明:金色补血草花中黄酮对大豆油具有明显的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系,温度对黄酮类化合物在大豆油中抗氧化性能有一定影响,维生素C、柠檬酸、酒石酸对金色补血草花中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性能均有协同增效作用.     

扁桃叶的化学成分研究

从芒果属植物扁桃(Mangifera persiciformis C.Y.Wu et T.L.Ming)叶乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到7个化合物,经波谱鉴定为没食子酸甲酯(1),没食子酸(2),3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(3),槲皮素(4),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)和芒果苷(7).其中化合物1、3、5、6为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Physiological Responses of Limonium aureum Seeds to Ultra-drying

The seeds of Limonium aureum （L.） Hill. were dried from 8.92% to 2.88% moisture content in a desiccating container with silica gel. After ultra-drying the seeds were accelerated aged （50 ℃, 1 month）, and some physiological indices, including the electrical conductivity, dehydrogenase activity, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, glutathione reductase （GR）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX）, catalase （CAT）, volatile aldehydes and malondialdehyde （MDA） were tested. The results indicated that dehydrogenase, POD, SOD, GR, APX and CAT activities of the ultra-dry seeds were higher than the control seeds, while volatile aldehydes and malondialdehyde were lower than the control group. The results suggest that ultra-drying is beneficial for maintaining the vigor of L. aureum seeds at a high level. Thus, L. aureum seeds could be stored under ultra-dry conditions.     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk

Six steroid alkaloids, imperialine (Ⅰ), imperialine-3β-D-glucoside (Ⅱ), peimissine (Ⅲ), imperialine N-oxide (Ⅳ), cycloparnine (Ⅴ), and cycloposine (Ⅵ) were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. Their structures were determined from spectral data and chemical evidences. Imperialine N-oxide was first obtained from nature.     

盐胁迫对盐生植物黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

盐生植物黄花补血草广泛分布于我国西北地区、东北西部以及华北北部,对改良盐碱土壤具有重要的生态作用。以黄花补血草(Limonium aureum(L.)Hill)为材料,研究分析了不同浓度NaCl胁迫对其种子萌发和幼苗生长产生的抑制效应及作用机制。结果表明:低浓度NaCl(25 mmol/L和50 mmol/L)处理不影响黄花补血草种子萌发和幼苗生长,25 mmol/L NaCl甚至促进了根生长,而高浓度NaCl(100 mmol/L和150 mmol/L)处理明显抑制种子萌发及幼苗生长。利用荧光探针的检测结果表明,NaCl处理的幼苗根中过氧化氢(H2O2)和一氧化氮(NO)含量明显高于对照水平。碘化丙啶(PI)染色结合激光共聚焦显微镜观察及检测相对电导率结果显示,高浓度NaCl处理抑制了幼苗根尖伸长区细胞的伸长生长,增加了细胞膜的通透性,对根细胞造成了明显的伤害。此外,高浓度NaCl处理诱导叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高。以上结果说明,黄花补血草对低浓度的盐具有一定的耐盐性,但高浓度盐降低了种子的萌发率,使幼苗根中H2O2产生增加,抑制根尖伸长区细胞的伸长生长,对根、叶造成明显氧化损伤,从而抑制黄花补血草幼苗的生长。     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Rhodiola fastigita S. H. Fu

Rhodiola fastigita is an alpine plant growing at 3300--5400 m above sea level. Seven crystal, compounds were isolated from the rhizome of this plant. They were identified as β- sitosterol, β-sitosterol-3-β-D-galactoside, daucosterol, gallic acid, gallic acid ethyl ester, p-tyrosol and herbacetin-8-arabinoside by IR, MS, H-NMR and chemical method. Daucosterol, β-sitosterol- 3-β-D-galactoside and gallic acid ethyl ester were obtained from the genus Rhodiola L. for the first time.     

Studies on Chemical Constituents of Emmenopterys henrys Oliv. Native to China

Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. is native to China. Only one species is involved in this genus Emmenopterys. This species is distributed in the western part and southern part of China. No datum of chemical constituents on Emmenopterys henryi has been recorded. Nine crystalline substances have been isolated from ether and ethanol extractions of trunk of E. henryi. Eight of them have been identified as taraxerone, taraxerol, ursolic acid acetate, β-sitosterol, scopoletin, umbelliferone, daucosterol, and umbelliferone-7-β-D-glucoside, respectively, by chemical and spectral (IR, UV, NMR, and MS) analysis.     

Studies on the Components of Saussurea gossypiphora D. Don

Saussurea gossypiphora D. Don growing above 4200–4700 m altitude on mountains so far have been not reported. We have first isolated 6 components from it. They are identified as (Ⅰ) umbelliferone, (Ⅱ) scopoletin, (Ⅲ) β-sitosterol, (Ⅳ) apigenin, (Ⅴ) apigenin 7-0-β-D-glucoside, (Ⅵ) umbelliferone 7-O-β-D-plucoside.     

The Chemical Constituents of Elsholtzia ciliata (Thund.) Hyland

Fourteen compounds have been obtained from the Elsholtzia ciliata (Thund.) Hyland. Their structures were identified by spectral and chemical methods as following: Ⅰ. 6-methyl-tritriacontane, Ⅱ. 13-cyclohexyl-hexoacosane, Ⅲ. β-sitosterol, Ⅳa. palmitic acid, Ⅳb. linoleic acid, Ⅳc. linolenic acid, Ⅴ. ursolic acid, Ⅵ. 5-hydroxy--6, 7-dimethoxyflavone, Ⅶ. 5-hyd-foxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone, Ⅷ. 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone, Ⅸ. 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dime-thoxyflavone, Ⅹ.β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, Ⅺ. 5-hydroxy-6-methylflavanone-7-O-α-D-galacopy-ranoside, Ⅻ. acacetin-7-O-β-glucoside. Among all the compounds, Ⅺ is a new compound. Except for Ⅳb and Ⅳc, the other twelve compounds were first found in this plant.     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of Duzhong (The Bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.)

Four constituents were isolated from the bark of Eucommia ulmoide; Oliv. Based on the physico-chemical constants, spectral analysis and properties of derivatives, they were identified as: liriodendrin (1), geniposidic acid (2), (+)-pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and daucosterol.     

Studies on the Constltuents of the Flavonoids from the Leaves of Typha angustifolia L.

Six flavonoids were isolated from the leaves of Typha angustifolia L. On the basis of spectroscopic (IR, UV, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR) analysis, they were identified as quercetin-3,3'-dimethyl ether (TF-Ⅰ), isorhamnetin (TF-Ⅱ), quercetin (TF-Ⅲ), quercetin-3,3' dimethyl ether-4'-O-β-D-glucoside (TF-Ⅳ), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-galactoside (TF-Ⅴ), and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside (TF-Ⅵ). Compounds TF-Ⅰ and TF-Ⅴ were found in the genus of Typha for the first time.     

Studies on the Constituents of Desmodium triquetrum (L.)DC

Three crystalline compounds have been isolated from the Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC. On the basis of their spectroscopic data and chemical correlations, the structures have been identified as friedelin (Ⅰ), epi-friedelinol (Ⅱ), stigmasterol (Ⅲ). They were obtained for the first time from the Desmodium triquetrum (L.) DC.     

Studies on Chemical Constituents of Lipid of Treraella fuciformis

An investigation of the chemical constituents of lipid of Tremella fuciformis Berk. is the central theme of this study. The sterols, fatty acids and phospholipids are separated by recrystallization, column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography, and their constituents are then identified by gas liquid chromatography and spectral data (UV, IR, MS and NMR). The results show that sterols comprise 16.8% ergosterol, 28.5% ergosta-5,7-dien-3β-ol and 54.7% ergost-7-en-3β-ol; fatty adds comprise 1.32%tmdeeanoic acid, 2.37% laurie acid, 1.28% tridecanoic acid, 0.09% myristic acid, 5.43% pentadecanoic acid, 17.20% palmitic acid, 3.11% stearic acid, 2.37% palmitoleic acid, 38.83% oleic acid and 27.98% linoleic acid; phospholipids comprise phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidylserine and phosphati- dylinositol. Altogether there are seventeen constituents in the lipid.     

青蕨植物化学成分的研究

从青蕨根部的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到4个化合物。通过化学及波谱分析鉴定其结构为：saucerneol D(1),dehydrogoniothalamin(2),1-acetoxyl-2-piperonyl-6-[6-methoxyl-piperonyl]3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane(3) and 5,5′-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,8,3″,3″-tetramethylpyran-(3′,4′)flavone-7-O-[β—D—apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)。其中化合物(4)为新化合物,化合物(1)为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

龙须藤的化学成分研究

本文旨在研究龙须藤Bauhinia championii(Benth.)Benth藤的化学成分.本实验运用硅胶、聚酰胺、SephadexLH-20等柱色谱手段进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构.分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇、胡萝卜苷、正三十烷、正六十烷、槲皮素、杨梅素和oblongixanthone A.其中化合物oblongixanthone A为首次从该植物中分离得到.