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几种重楼的染色体核型研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
作者对重楼属(Paris)的几个种:球药隔重楼(P.fargesii),毛重楼(P.mairei),花叶重搂(P.marmorata),黑籽重楼(P.thibetica),海南重楼(P.dunniana),巴山重搂(P.bashanensis),以及多叶重楼(P.polyphylla)的两个变种狭叶重楼(var.stenophylla)和华重楼(var.chinensis)的染色体核型进行了研究,发现种间及种内不同居群(population)间的核型都存在不同程度的差别。核型简式为:球药隔重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+2t(SAT)+2t+3bs,毛重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+4t+1bs,花叶重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+4t,黑籽重楼K(2n)=2x=10=2m+4m(SAT)+4t,海南重楼K(2n)=2X=10=6m+2t(SAT)+2t,巴山重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+4st,狭叶重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+1st+3t,华重楼K(2n)=2x=10=6m+4t。 相似文献
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珍珠菜属三种植物的核型研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对国产三种珍珠菜属 (Lysimachia)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中点腺过路黄 (LysimachiahemsleyanaMaxim .)染色体核型 2n =2 2 =2m +4sm +8st+8t,聚花过路黄 (L .congestifloraHesmsl.)核型 2n =2 4=2m +2sm +1 0st+1 0t及山萝过路黄 (L .melampyroidesR .Knuth)染色体数目 2n =2 2 ,核型 2n =2 2 =4m +6sm +4st+8t,为首次报道。本文还分析了黄连花亚属 (subgen.Lysimachia) 2组 8种植物的核型 ,结果表明黄连花组(sect.Lysimachia)核型类型 1A ,过路黄组 (sect.Nummularia)核型类型 3A或 3B。 相似文献
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报道了中国产光萼苔科四种植物配子体有丝分裂中期的染色体数目和核型,四种植物的染色体数目均为n=8。核型为:细光萼苔陕西变种(P.gracillima vat.urogea)k(n)=8=8m或k(n)=8=4v 4(v);毛缘光萼苔(P.vernicosa)k(n)=8=5m 3sm或k(n)=8=6v 2J;密叶光萼苔(P.densifolia)k(n)=8=8m或k(n)=8=5v 3(v);多瓣苔(Macvicaria ulophylla)k(n)=8=6m 2sm或k(n)=8=6v 1(v) 1J. 相似文献
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The karyotypes of 3 species of Roegneria and 2 species of Kengyilia were
analysed in this paper. They are all reported for the first time, and the karyotype
formulae are as follows: R. nutans, 2n = 4X= 28 = 26m+ 2sm; R. abolinii, 2n = 4X
=28 = 24m + 4sm; R. aristiglumis, 2n = 6X = 42 = 32m + 10sm (2sat); K. tahelacana
2n = 6X = 42 = 36m (2sat)+6sm (2sat); K. zhoasuensis, 2n = 6X= 42 = 34m(4sat)+ 8sm.
According to the characters of karyotypes, K. tahelacana and K. zhoasuensis havethe S, Y, P genomes of genus Kengyilia. 相似文献
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The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 7 species of Smilax L. in Liliaceae (s. 1.) are cytotaxonomically studied in this work. Their karyotypic characters, distinction between the species and the chromosomal basis of sexual differentiation are discussed. The karyotypes of most species are first reported. The results are shown as follows (see Tables
1-4 for the chromosome parameters and the karyotype constitution; Fig. 1 for their idiograms): 1. Smilax nipponica Miq. The species is one of the herbaceous species distributed in East Asia. Two karyotypes, 2n = 26(type A) and 2n = 32 (type B), are found in the species (Plate 1: 1-7). The karyotype of No. 88032 (uncertain of -L--M--S- sexuality) is 2n = 26 = 2m + 6st + 6m + 4sm + 6sm + 2st. The karyotype has 4 pairs of L chromosomes, of which the first three pairs are subterminal, and the 4th
is median. The karyotype belongs to 3B. No. 88045 (the male) and No. 88046
(the female) have 2n = 32. Their karyotypes are basically uniform, and both are -L--M-- S
2n=32= 2m+4sm+ 2st+ 2m+4sm+ 6m+ 10sm + 2st, also with 4 pairs of L
chromosomes, but the 2nd pair is median, and thus different from the type A. The
karyotype belongs to 3B. The first pair of chromosomes of the male are distinctly
unequal in length, with the D. V. (0.93) of relative length between them obviously
greater than that of the female (0.1). The pair seems to be of sex-chromosomes.
Sixteen bivalents (n= 16) were observed at PMCs MI of No. 88045 (Plate 1: 4).
The major difference between the karyotypes A and B are greater relative length
of L chromosomes in the type A than in the type B, and the increase of chromosome number in the karyotype B mainly due to the increase of st chromosomes. Nakajima (1937)reports 2n= 30 for S. hederacea var. nipponica (=S. nipponica,
Wang and Tang, 1980).
2. S. riparia A. DC. This species is also herbaceous, distributed in East Asia. Thirty chromosomes were found in root-tip cells (uncertain of sexuality). The kar -L--M--S-yotype is 2n = 30 = 8st + 6sm + 2st + 6m + 6sm + 2st (Plate 3: 1, 5), consisting
mainly of sm and st chromosomes. There are 4 pairs of L chromosomes which are
all subterminal and the m chromosomes appear to fall all into S category. Though
the karyotype belongs to 3B, it is less symmetrical than that of S. nipponica. The
species is karyologically rather different from S. nipponica, therefore. The first pair
of chromosomes of this material are unequal in length, and it may be a male. The
karyotype of this species is first reported.
3. S. sieboldii Miq. The species is a thorny climbing shrub, distributed in
East Asia. At PMCs All, 16 chromosomes (n= 16) were found (Plate 2: 6), in
accordance with Nakajima's (1933) report for a Japanese material.
4. S. china L. This species, a thorny climbing shrub, is of a wide distribution range mainly in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Two karyotypes were observed
in different populations. (1) The population from Xikou has 2n = 96(6x) = 20st+L- -M- 6t + 6sm + 12st + 52(S) (Plate 3:7), of which the first three pairs of chromosomes are terminal, different from those in the other species. The arm ratios of
both L and M chromosomes are larger than 2.0, which resembles those of S. davidiana. (2) PMCs MI of the population from Shangyu shew 15 chromosomes (n
15). The hexaploid of the species is recorded for the first time. Hsu (1967,1971)
reported 2n = 30 from Taiwai and Nakajima (1937) recorded n = 30 from Japan,
which indicates that the karyotype of the species varies not only in ploidy, but
also in number.
5. S. davidiana A. DC. The somatic cells were found to have 32 chromosomes, and PMCs MI shew 16 bivalents (Plate 2: 1-5). The karyotype is 2n = 32=-L- -M- -S 8st + 4sm + 4st + 8sm + 8st. The karyotype belongs to 3B, and is less symmetrical than those in herbaceous species. The D. V. (0.20) of relative length between
the two homologues of the first pair is slightly larger in the male than in the female (0.14), and it is thus difficult to determine whether they are sexual chromosomes or not.
6. S. glabra Roxb. The species is a non-thorny climbing shrub, distributed
in East Asia and Southeast Asia. 32 chromosomes were found in somatic cells. The
-L- -M- - Skaryotype is 2n= 32= 8st + 10st+6sm+8st (Plate 3: 2, 6),with only 3 pairs
of sm chromosomes (12, 13 and 16th). The karyotype is more asymmetric than
that of S. davidiana, although it is also of 3B (Table 1). The karyotype is first
reported for the species.
7. S. nervo-marginata Hay. var. liukiuensis (Hay.) Wang et Tang The variety
has a relatively narrow distribution range, mainly occurring in eastern China. The
chromosomal number of somatic cells is 2n= 32 (Plate 3: 3-4). The karyotype is
-L- -M- -S
2n = 32 = 2sm + 6st + 2sm + 2st + 2m + 6sm + 12st, evidently different from that
of S. glabra. The first pair of chromosomes are submedian, and much longer than
the 2nd to 4th pairs. The ratio in length of the largest chromosome to the smallest
one is 4.3. The symmetric degree is of 3C, a unique type. The karyotype of the
species is reported for the first time.
In Smilax, the known basic numbers are 13, 15, 16 and 17. The two herbaceous species
distributed in East Asia have three basic numbers: 13, 15 and 16, while the woody species studied mainly have 16, with no 13 recorded. Mangaly (1968) studied 8 herbaceous species in North
America and reported 2n=26 for them except S. pseudo-china with 2n=30. Mangaly considered that a probably ancestral home of Smilax, both the herbaceous and woody, is in Southeast
Asia and the eastern Himalayas, and speculated that the ancestral type of Sect. Coprosmanthus is possibly an Asian species, S. riparia. The karyotypes of the two herbaceous species in
East Asia consist mostly of sm and m chromosomes, whereas those for the North American
species are all of st chromosomes. Based on the general rule of karyotypic evolution, i.e. from
symmetry to asymmetry, his speculation seems reasonable.
Researches on sex-chromosomes of Smilax have been carried out since 1930 (Lindsay, 1930;
Jensen, 1937; Nakajima, 1937; Mangaly, 1968), and they are generally considered to be the
largest pair, but there is still no adequate evidence. The result of our observation on S. nipponica
may confirm that the first pair of chromosomes of this species is XY type of sex-chromosomes.
Chromosomes of the genus are small and medium-sized, varying between 1-6 μm, slightly
larger in herbaceous species than in woody ones, larger in the karyotype of 2n=26 than in
that of 2n=32. Based on karyotype constitution of the above 5 species, the karyotype in the
genus is characterized by 4 pairs of L chromosomes and 2-5 pairs of M chromosomes, and
mostly st and sm chromosomes, and by rather asymmetrical 3B type. The degree of symmetry
in the above 5 species is from Sect. Coprosmanthus to Sect. Coilanthus, and herbaceous species towoody ones. 相似文献
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本文报道了陕西秦巴山区几种重楼属植物的核型研究结果。在秦岭(太白山)地区,北楼(Paris verticillata)具有一种核型,其核型公式为 2n=4 x=20=10m+2sm+4st+4t;狭叶重楼(P.polyphylla var.stenophylla)在一个居群内不同的个体间具有两种不同的核型,核型公式分别为2n=2x=10=5m+1sm+4t和2n=2x=10+2B=6m+4t+2B。在秦岭和巴山两地,宽叶重楼(P.polyphylla var.latifolia)和球药隔重楼(P.fargesii)分别具有两种不同的核型,前者的核型公式为2n=2x=10+3B=6m+3t+3B和2n=2x=10=5m+1sm+4t,后者的核型公式为2n=2x=10+2B=4m+2sm+4t+2B和2n=2x=10+2B=6m+4t+2B。这些材料均属2A核型,在核型结构及B染色体的有无和数目上与前人报道的结果不完全相同。 相似文献
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重楼属和延龄草核型的一致性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文报道的重楼属3个种和变种与延龄草的核型基本一致,表明它们之间的亲缘关系很近,其核型简式为:延龄草(T. tschonoskii)2n=10=4m 2m(SAT) 2st(SAT) 2t(SAT) 1B;五指莲(Paris axialis)2n=10=6m 2t 2t(SAT) 2B;狭叶重楼(P. polyphylla var. stenophylla)2n=10=2m(SAT) 4m 2st 2t;小重楼(P.polyphylla var.minora)2n=10=4m 2sm 4t. 相似文献
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用细胞压片法对12 个淫羊藿属( Epimedium) 植物的根尖有丝分裂进行了观察, 并对其核型进行了比较研究。结果表明: 这12 种淫羊藿在核型上基本相似, 都有1 对中间随体染色体, 而且都为对称核型。粗毛淫羊藿( E. acuminatum) 、印江淫羊藿( E . yinjiangense )、单叶淫羊藿( E. simplicifloum) 、巫山淫羊藿( E. wushanense) 、光叶淫羊藿( E. myrianthum) 、宝兴淫羊藿( E. davidi) 、罗甸淫羊藿( E. luodianense) 、木鱼坪淫羊藿( E. franchetii ) 、箭叶淫羊藿( E. sagittatum) 、E. pubigerum、高山淫羊藿( E. alpinum) 等11 个种的核型公式均为2n = 2x= 6m (2SAT ) + 6sm, 而黔岭淫羊藿( E. leptorrhizum) 的核型公式为2n = 2x = 8m ( 2SAT ) + 4sm。结果显示12 种淫羊藿的体细胞染色体数目均为2n = 12 , 基数X = 6; 都属于对称核型、都有1 对中间随体; 染色体均为m、sm 两种类型。 相似文献
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五种珍珠菜的核型研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
本文对5种珍珠菜亚属植物进行了染色体数目及核型研究。其中瓣珍珠菜2n=24=12m+8sm+4st(2SAT)、黑腺珍珠菜2n=22=2m+4sm+6st+10t、泽珍珠菜2n=24=14m+6sm(2SAT)+4st和小叶珍珠菜2n=48=34m+10sm+4st的染色体数目及核型为首次报道。中国九江产的红根草核型2n=24=20m+4sm(2SAT)与日本产的核型2n=24=18m(1SAT) 相似文献
13.
Reported in the present paper are chromosome numbers and karyotypes of three
genera of the Gesneriaceae, i.e. Ancylostemon Craib. , Briggsiopsis (Franch.) K. Y. Pan
and Lysionotus D. Don. The former two genera are endemic to China. The karyotype of
Ancylostemon aureus (Franch.) Burtt is formulated as 2n = 34 = 20m(1sat) + 14sm, with
the same chromosome number as its allied species A. convexus Craib. This species is characterized by the interphase nucleus of complex chromocenter type and the proximal type of
chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. The chromosome number of the monospecific genus
Briggsiopsis is 2n = 34, the same as the lowest chromosome number reported in Briggsia.
The karyotype of Briggsiopsis, which is formulated as 2n = 25m + 6sm + 3st, also seems to
be primitive among the species of the two genera. Briggsiopsis is characterized by the interphase nucleus of simple-complex chromocenter type and the interstitial-gradient type of chromosomes in the mitotic prophase. The chromosome number of Lysionotus carnosus Hemsl. is
the lowest reported in this genus. Its karyotype is formulated as 2n= 30 = 21m + 5sm + 3st
+ lt. Lysionotus serratus var. pterocaulis, with the karyotype being formulated as 2n= 32
= 2lm + 10sm + lt, has the same chromosome number as var. serratus. These two species
show a remarkable differentiation of karyotypes and are characterized by the interphase nuclei
of simple-complex chromocenter type and the gradient type of chromosomes in the mitotic
prophase. _ . 相似文献
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安徽黄精属的细胞分类学研究 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
本文首次报道黄精属PolygonatumMill我国三种特有植物的染色体数目和核型,结果如下:安徽黄精P.anhuiense发现两个细胞型:(1)2n=24=4m+6sm+14st;(2)2n=20=4m十6sm+10st; 黄精P.langyaensy2n=18=6m+8sm+4t;距药黄精P.franchetii有三个细胞型:(1)2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st;(2)2n=20=2m+14sm+4st;(3)2n=18=4m+8sm+4st+2T,全部属3B核型。黄精属植物安徽共有10种,本文对9种黄精的染色体数目、核型进行了比较研究,发现它们可划分成三个类群,与中国植物志(第十五卷)的形态分类基本相符。 相似文献
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We provide a karyological study of 12 species of the genus Pnigalio in an attempt to evaluate the taxonomic utility of karyotypes at the species level. For all species of Pnigalio examined the number of chromosome was 2n=12. Karyotype formulae presented mainly metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, although a pair of acrocentrics or subtelocentrics, shorter than biarmed chromosomes, was present in some species. The analysis of karyotypes of Pnigalio showed frequent but not general interspecific variability of the chromosome traits. Although most of the studied species revealed concordance between morphological and karyological characters (centromeric index and relative length), two other categories have been identified: morphologically distinct species without reciprocal differences in karyotype structure, and morphologically similar species that strongly differ in chromosomal characters. 相似文献
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The karyotype of glirid tapeworm Rodentolepis myoxi (Rudolphi, 1819) (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) comprises six pairs of small bi-armed chromosomes (2n = 12). All pairs of chromosomes possess uniform morphology, i.e. metacentric, submetacentric or meta-submetacentric types of structures. The formula of the karyotype structure is n = 2m + 1m-sm + 3sm. The absolute chromosome length ranges from 3.78 to 2.00 microm. The mean total length of the haploid complement is 15. 98 microm. The first pair (group A) is the largest, pairs 2 and 3 can be grouped into group B while pairs 4-6 are smaller and can be classified as group C. The number of chromosomes of R. myoxi is the same for the congeneric species, however, karyological characteristics differ from all recently known karyotypes of rodent hymenolepidids. 相似文献
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The present paper deals with the karyotype analysis of 6 species of Elymus
which are native to Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The number of somatic chromosomes in roottip cells of the 6 species and their karyotypes are reportad here for the first time, and they are
all hexaploid, with 2n=6x=42. The karyotype formulae are as follows: E. melantherus,
2n=6x=42=32m+10sm, E. kengii, 2n=6x=42=34m+8sm, E grandiglumis, 2n=6x=42=
30 m+12 sm, E. laxiflorus, 2n=6x=42=32 m +10 sm, E. kokonoricus, 2n+6x=42=34 m
+8 sm, E. longiglumis, 2n+6x=42=34 m+8 sm. No satellites have been founded in the 6
species and all the karyotypes belong to 1B or 2B type: 相似文献
18.
Af finis C. hemsleyanae Franch. et Prain, sed caulibus scapiformibus, flori-lus flavis, majoribus, petalo antico basi saccato facile differt.Herba caespitosa circ. 30 cm longa. Rhizoma circ. 5-10 mm longum, 10 mm crassum, radicibus fibrosis, numerosis, fasciculatis. Caulis 1 usque numerosus, scapiformis, simplex, efoliolatus, interdum basi unifoliatus. Folia basalia numerosa, circ. 20 cm longa, petiolis circ. 15 cm longis basi marginato-expansis, plus minu-sve carnosulis, in sicco purpureo-brunneis, laminis circ. 5 cm longis 5-6 cm latis viridibus, subtus glaucescentibus, biternatis, pinnis brevipetiolulatis, pinnulis sessilibus vel subsessilibus, 2.5-3.5 cm longis, 2 - 3 cm latis bitripartitis, segmentis lanccolatis, saepe trilobatis. 相似文献
19.
5种珍珠菜属植物的核型分析 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9
对 5种珍珠菜属 (LysimachiaL .)植物的核型进行了研究 ,其中巴东过路黄 2n =2x =2 4 =6m 4sm 6st 8t、光叶巴东过路黄 2n =2x =2 4 =6m 4sm 6st 8t、临时救 2n =2x =2 4=2m 4sm 4st 14t的核型属首次报道。过路黄 2n =2x =2 4 =2m 4sm 6st 12t和星宿菜2n =2x =2 4 =2 0m 4sm与前人报道的一致。本文还对该属已报道的 17种植物的核型资料进行了总结和比较分析 ,对珍珠菜属植物的核型进化方向作了初步推测。另外对一存疑过路黄(2n =2x =2 4 =2m 6sm 4st 12t)与其近缘种的核型进行了比较研究。 相似文献
20.
四种风毛菊属植物的核型研究 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
本文首次报道产于我国华北地区风毛菊属(SaussureaDC.)4种植物的染色体数目和核型。四个种的染色体数目均是2n=26,都是2倍体。它们的核型是:糠风毛菊(S.Paleata)Zn=2x=26=18m+6sm+2st,属2B型,华北风毛菊(S.mongolica)Zn=2x=26=14m+4sm+8st,属2B型;狭苞凤毛菊(S.dielsiana)Zn=2x=26=8m+12sm+6st,属2C型;银背凤毛菊(S.nivea)2n=2x=26=18m+6sm+2st,属2A型。染色体中均未发现随体。 相似文献