Alkaloids of Aconitum vilmoriniaum var. patentipilum

Seven diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated from Aconitum vilmorinianum var. patentipilum W. T. Wang. Their structures were determined as franchetine(Ⅰ), indaconitine(Ⅱ), yunaconitine(Ⅲ), talatisamine(Ⅳ), chasmaconitine(Ⅴ), crassicauline A (Ⅵ), and bikhaconine(Ⅶ). Last one has not been previously found in nature.     

深裂黄草乌二萜生物碱研究

深裂黄草乌(Aconitum vilmorinianum var.altifidum W. T.Wang)又名西南乌头、紫乌头、藤乌,主要分布于云南东北部、贵州西部和四川西部(泸定、天全)海拔2800m的山地。块根可祛风散寒、除湿止痛,民间也用于解乌头中毒。其化学成分未见报道。本文从深裂黄草乌全草中分离鉴定了3个二萜生物碱,一个为C-19骨架类型,两个为C-20骨架类型。其中一个为新化合物,是C-20骨架类型二萜生物碱,命名为深裂黄草乌碱vilmorinianine(Ⅰ),另两个化合物是denudatine(Ⅱ)和deoxyaconitine(Ⅲ),均首次从该植物中得到。     

小白撑根部二萜生物碱研究

从小白撑(Aconitum nagarum var.heterotrichum)根部分离出5个二萜生物碱,其结构通过光谱分析和化学方法鉴定为光翠雀碱(1),宋果灵(2),乌头碱(3),去氧乌头碱(4),和滇乌碱(5)。     

The Chemotaxonomy of Chinese Species of the Genus Aconitum L. (Ranunculaceae)

On the basis of biosynthsis, distribution of diterpenoid alkaloids as well as morphological evolution of Chinese species L. (Ranunculaceae), chemotaxonomy of the genus Aconitum is discussed: 1, Subgen. Lycoctonum, containing lycoctonine-type alkaloids and Subgen. Aconitum containing aconitine-type alkaloids, were probably differetiated at the early stage of evolution of the genus Aconitum and evolved respectively in their own ways. 2, In Subgen. Aconitum: (1) Ser. Bullatifolia, containing mainly atisine-, veatchine-type alkaloids, and amino, alcohol and ester base of aconitine-type, and distributed in Hengduan Mountain and Jingsha River valley, where is the centre of modern differentiation of species of Aconitum, is probably a series from which Chinese species of the genus Aconitum were derived; (2) Ser. Inflata, containing mainly aconitine, mesaconitine and bypaconitine, is an advanced group; (3) Ser. Grsndituberosa, containing mainly aconitine and songorine, is related to Ser. Bulatifolia; (4) Ser. stylosa and Ser. volubilia, containing mainly yunaconitine and other anisyl ester alkaloids form another advanced branch. 3, Ser. Tangutica and A. naviculare of Ser. Rotaundifolia, containing atisine and lactone-type alkaloids may be a specialized group in high mountains and have occurred at early stage of evolution of the genus Aconitum. 4, Subgen. Gymnaconitum, containing atisine-type alkaloids and amino alcohol of aconitine type, may als be a specialized group in high mountains. 5, A. franchetii Finet. et Gagnep. mainly containing ester bases of aconitine-typeand closed to A. chasmanthum Stapf, is best placed into Ser. Ambigua.     

Diterpenoid alkaloids with chemotaxonomic significance from Aconitum spathulatum

Diterpenoid alkaloids have been acknowledged as of chemotaxonomic significance in plants from the genus Aconitum (Ranunculaceae). Phytochemical investigation on the Aconitum spathulatum W. T. Wang, an endemic Aconitum species in China, has led to the isolation of twelve C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids. The chemotaxonomic significance of these compounds are summarized.     

卧龙乌头的名实问题

发现卧龙乌头Aconitum wolongense W．T. Wang的模式实际上包含两种植物,即毛果甘青乌头A． tanguticum (Maxim．)Stapf．var．trichocarpum Hand.-Mazz．和展毛大渡乌头A．franchetii Fin.et Gagnep．var．villosum W．T. Wang,故将该种予以归并。     

Alkaloidal Constituents of the Root of Aeonitum pseudogeniculatum

From the root of Aconitum pseudogeniculatum W. T. Wang, collected from the west of Sichuan province, six diterpenoid alkaloids were isolated and identified as denudatine ( Ⅰ ), chasmanine ( Ⅱ ), talatisamine (Ⅲ), yunaconitine (Ⅳ), crassicauline Ⅰ (Ⅴ) and vilmorrinianine C (Ⅵ). Yunaconitine, the major alkaloid of the plant, and its chemically transformed products pseudaconine and tetraacetylpseudaconine, showed antiinflammatory activities.     

四川乌头属的修订

四川是我国乌头属Aconitum L.植物的重要分布区。本文对该地区的乌头属植物进行了分类修订。通过文献查阅、野外观察和标本室研究,对乌头属的形态性状在居群间和居群内的变异式样进行了比较分析,发现叶分裂程度、上萼片的形状和花梗毛被等性状是较为可靠的分种依据,但是在个别情况,这些性状也会在同一种的同一居群内或不同居群间发生变化。花瓣和种子的特征对于属下划分有重要意义。本文承认四川乌头属植物有46种11变种,另有2种和1变种暂存疑。29种和22变种降为异名;作出新组合2个,其中包括1个改级新组合。紫乌头A. delavayi Franch.和保山乌头A. nagarum Stapf为四川新分布记录。对康定乌头A. tatsienense Finet &; Gagnep.、川鄂乌头A. henryi Pritz.和狭裂乌头A. refractum (Finet &; Gagnep.) Hand.-Mazz.进行了后选模式的标定。初步澄清了东俄洛乌头A. tongolense Ulbr.和狭裂乌头等种类中长期存在的名实混乱。还给出了各个种的形态描述、地理分布以及分亚属、分系和分种检索表。     

四川毛茛科二新种——乌头属一新种和唐松草属一新种

该文描述了自四川西部发现的毛茛科二新种,包括四川乌头属一新种,即泸定乌头(Aconitum ludingense W.T.Wang),此新种隶属于乌头属乌头亚属,以及四川唐松草属一新种,即狭药唐松草(Thalictrum stenantherum W.T.Wang),给出了此新种与其近缘种六脉萼唐松草之间的形态区别.     

乌头属植物化学成分、药理作用及其内生菌的研究进展

毛茛科乌头属植物广泛分布于北温带地区,具有重要的药用价值。乌头属植物主要的化学成分是生物碱,其中二萜生物碱是历来的研究热点。现代药理学研究证明,乌头属植物具有镇痛、抗炎、抗肿瘤及杀虫等作用。目前乌头属植物内生菌的研究也逐渐开展。本文对乌头属植物近年来报道的新的化学成分、药理研究和利用植物内生菌产生活性成分等进行了综述,可为乌头属植物的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

滇南草乌的化学成分研究(Ⅰ)

从著名民间药滇南草乌(Aconitum auslroyunnanense W. T. Wang)新鲜根中分得11个二萜生物碱,其中碱1通过光谱研究及化学方法证明其结构为14-acetyl sachaconitine,是一新化合物,并命名为南乌碱甲(austroconitine A)(1);碱2—8分别鉴定为:黄草乌碱乙(vilmorrianine B,即karakoline)(2),isotalatizidine(3),黄草乌碱丁(vilmorrianine D,即sachaconitine)(4),黄草乌碱丙(vilmorrianine C)(5),talatisamine(6),黄草乌碱甲(vilmorrianine A)(7),8-去乙酰滇乌碱(8-deacetyl yunaconitine)(8)。碱9—11的结构正在鉴定中。     

中国毛茛科植物小志(廿一)

（１）对Ｐ．Ａ．Ｍｕｎｚ１９６７～１９６８年发表的关于亚洲翠雀属一文中的多数错误鉴定逐一加以改正;（２）从Ｍｕｎｚ鉴定错误的标本中发现了４新种和１新变种;（３）在发现了浅裂菟葵的具花标本之后,补充了该种花的描述;（４）在研究了ｈａｌｉｃｔｒｕｍｌａｘｕｍＵｌｂｒ．的等模式之后,认为该种不能成立,应是Ｔ．ｒｏｂｕｓｔｕｍＭａｘｉｍ．的异名;（５）描述１铁线莲属新种     

急尖绣线菊中一微量新二萜生物碱

从蔷薇科绣线菊属植物急尖绣线菊（Ｓｐｉｒａｅａ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ ｖａｒ．ａｃｕｔａ Ｙｕ）的根部分离得到６个二萜生物碱,经光谱分析,其中５个来ｓｐｉｒａｍｉｎｅｓ Ａ（１）,Ｂ（２）,Ｐ（３）和Ｕ（４）及ｓｐｉｒａｄｉｎｅ Ｆ（５）,另一微量成分被鉴定为一新的二萜生物碱,命名为ｓｐｉｒａｍｉｎｅ Ｗ（６）。     

Comparative Anatomical Studies on Chinese Medicinal Plants of the Genus Aconitum

This paper reports the result of comparative anatomical studies on medicinal roots of 53 species and varieties in the genus Aconitum from China. The anatomical structures of the roots can be classified into 6 types and 18 subtypes according to the level of their evolution. The anatomy of Aconitum roots is discussed in relation to phylogeny based on chemotaxonomy, cytology and other related disciplines. It was found that the six types of Aconitum roots are correlated with chemical components, chromosomes, toxicity and the gross morphology. The relatively advanced Types I and II roots always contain highly toxic alkaloids of diterpenoid diester of aconitine type, distributed mainly in Ser. 3, 5-11 of Sect. Aconitum of Subgen. Aconitum, while the relatively primitive Types III, IV and II roots with small diameters contain mainly atisine and aminal alcohol alkaloids, which have lower toxicity, present in Subgen. Gymnaconitum and Ser. 1, 2 of Sect. Aconitum of Subgen. Aconitum. The primitive Types V and VI roots of Subgen. Lycoctonum contain mainly the most low-toxic alkaloids of lycoctonine Type. The result is of significance both in theory or practice for the development of medicinal plant resourcesand the safety of clinical usage of these of plants.     

楼梯草属研究随记

在该文中首次给出革叶楼梯草的雄头状花序描述;还给出樱叶楼梯草雄头状花序的修正描述和兜苞墨脱楼梯草的修正特征集要;写出托叶楼梯草和南川楼梯草二种的分类学修订,其中包括2新变种和2新等级;描述了小叶楼梯草组的1新种和骤尖楼梯草组的3新种;数年前被归并为异名的兜苞墨脱楼梯草和五肋楼梯草得到恢复。     

圆盔乌头, 陕西毛茛科一新种

描述了自陕西省发现的毛茛科乌头属一新种,圆盔乌头（Aconitum rotundocassideum）。由于具有相似的体态和盔形上萼片,此种与特产云南省的粗茎乌头在亲缘上很相近,与后者的区别特征见正文。     

敦化乌头的二萜生物碱成份

从敦化乌头(Aconitum dunhuaense S.H.Li)的根中分得6个单体二萜生物碱成份,经光谱分析及同标准品对照,鉴定它们分别为乌头碱(aconitine,1)、下乌头碱(hypaconitine,2)、尼奥灵(nepline,3)、去氧乌头碱(3-deoxyaconitine,4)、中乌头碱(mesaconitine,5)和阿康诺辛(aconosine,6)。     

卧龙乌头后选模式的指定

指定了卧龙乌头Aconitum wolongense W．T．Wang的后选模式。     

铁线莲属黄花铁线莲组修订

对毛茛科铁线莲属Clematis的黄花铁线莲组sect. Meclatis进行了全面修订, 确定此属含13种和13变种(包括1新变种和2新变种等级); 写出了此组的分类学简史和地理分布, 并对其在铁线莲属中的系统位置和组内诸种的亲缘关系进行了讨论; 还写出了此组的分种、分变种检索表, 以及各种植物的形态描述、地理分布、生长环境等, 并附有各种的插图。此组的花构造与对枝铁线莲组sect. Brachiatae的近似, 与后者在亲缘关系上相近, 区别在于此组的萼片通常斜上方开展, 呈黄色, 被毛的花丝下部变宽, 呈狭披针形, 而在对枝铁线莲组, 萼片水平开展, 呈白色, 被毛的雄蕊花丝呈狭条形, 下部不变宽; 二组可能均起源于欧洲铁线莲组的sect. Clematis subsect. Clematis, 因此, 均应是隶属欧洲铁线莲亚属subgen. Clematis的成员。根据对此组植物形态特征的分析, 观察到以下演化趋势: (1)叶的颜色由于适应干旱气候, 由绿色变为灰绿色; (2)卵形或宽卵形、掌状分裂、边缘具齿的小叶可能是原始的特征, 而披针形或条形、不分裂、全缘的小叶是衍生的特征; (3)单独、顶生、只是花梗的花是由具花序梗和二苞片的聚伞花序发生减化(reduction)而衍生的; (4)萼片形状的演化趋势与小叶形状的演化趋势近似, 也由卵形演变到披针形或条形; (5)萼片内面无毛是原始现象, 而被毛则是衍生现象; (6)萼片顶端无突起是原始现象, 出现突起则为衍生现象; (7)花药形状由长圆形演变到狭长圆形和条形。根据上述演化趋势, 推测具较多原始特征的甘川铁线莲C. akebioides和甘青铁线莲C. tangutica为此组的原始种, 而具较多衍生特征的尾尖铁线莲C. caudigera和角萼铁线莲C. corniculata为此组的进化种。组成世界屋脊的青藏高原西缘、帕米尔高原和邻近山地集中分布有此组10种(包括7特有种), 当是此组的分布中心; 而甘川铁线莲和甘青铁线莲二种分布区的主要重叠部分所在的青藏高原东缘则可能是此组的起源中心。过去,一些铁线莲属专家将属于欧洲铁线莲组的C. ispahanica Boiss.和属于对枝铁线莲组的C. graveolens Lindl.误置于黄花铁线莲组中, 对此, 本文予以纠正。