营属(Themeda Forsskal)及其有关属的分类与考证

对菅属（ThemedaForsskal）的命名与合法性历史进行了考订,确定合法的属并列出了异名录;鉴于原AnthistiriaLinn．f.属较庞杂,属的概念（范畴）有较大变化,本文采用P．Forsskal及E．Hackel和W．D．Clayton的Themeda属的范畴,对已发表的原归用于Anthistiria和Themeda等属的种（双名）逐一作了考订,以明确它们的隶属关系并转隶于10个不同的局;对Themedan属自P．Forsskal（1775）建立以来的系统分类研究状况作简短的回顾,并对所存在的问题作了简述．     

禾本科系统学与演化研究的进展

：综合近年来禾本科不同分支学科的研究进展,对当前禾本科研究的4个热点进行讨论：1．禾本科内不同阶元系统的种系发育研究方法,有传统的、实验的、历史的、分支的4种分析方法;2．性系统的演化,涉及自交亲和繁育方式的优势、偏离正常性比的发育模式、性别决定的分子生物学基础3个方面;3．花序演化的形态学、遗传学、发育形态学研究;4．禾本科的起源时间。总的看来,不同性状的数据比较和不同研究方法的综合已构成现代禾本科系统学研究的必然趋势,建立一个反映植物系统发育历史的分类是禾本科系统学研究的最终目标。     

长芒以礼草———青海禾本科一新种

对产自青海的以礼草属一新种———长芒以礼草( Kengyilia longiaristata) , 进行了描述。     

Kengyilia longiaristata———A New Species of the Family Gramineae from Qinghai,China

Kengyilia longiaristata , a new species of Gramineae from Qinghai Province , is described .     

Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae)

Echinococcosis is a serious helminthic zoonosis in humans, livestock and wildlife. The pathogenic organisms are members of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Life cycles of Echinococcus spp. are consistently dependent on predator–prey association between two obligate mammalian hosts. Carnivores (canids and felids) serve as definitive hosts for adult tapeworms and their herbivore prey (ungulates, rodents and lagomorphs) as intermediate hosts for metacestode larvae. Humans are involved as an accidental host for metacestode infections. The metacestodes develop in various internal organs, particularly in liver and lungs. Each metacestode of Echinococcus spp. has an organotropism and a characteristic form known as an unilocular (cystic), alveolar or polycystic hydatid. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that the type species, Echinococcus granulosus, causing cystic echinococcosis is a cryptic species complex. Therefore, the orthodox taxonomy of Echinococcus established from morphological criteria has been revised from the standpoint of phylogenetic systematics. Nine valid species including newly resurrected taxa are recognised as a result of the revision. This review summarises the recent advances in the phylogenetic systematics of Echinococcus, together with the historical backgrounds and molecular epidemiological aspects of each species. A new phylogenetic tree inferred from the mitochondrial genomes of all valid Echinococcus spp. is also presented. The taxonomic nomenclature for Echinococcus oligarthrus is shown to be incorrect and this name should be replaced with Echinococcus oligarthra.     

Morphology and development of floral features recognised by pollinators

The diversity of angiosperm flowers is astounding. The conventional explanation for this diversity is that it represents the great variety of ways in which flowers have adapted to attract an even greater diversity of animal pollinators. Many animal behaviourists are therefore interested in how changes in floral morphology affect pollinator behaviour. The establishment of well-characterised model plant species has greatly furthered our understanding of how floral morphology is generated and varied. Many of these model species are pollinated by animals and attract their pollinators through the production of colour, shape, scent, size and rewards. An understanding of the developmental plasticity of floral morphology, and the constraints upon it, should inform research into animal responses to flowers. The use of genetically characterised model species, and the isogenic and near-isogenic lines available in them, will allow dissection of the different components of floral attraction and reward in natural systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Handling editor: Heikki Hokkanen     

Comments on the taxonomic treatment of Arenaria section Plinthine (Caryophyllaceae)

Comments on the taxonomic treatment of Arenaria section Plinthine (Caryophyllaceae) by D. J.Goyder. Comments are given on the taxonomic treatment of Arenaria section Plinthine presented by D. J.Goyder in a revision of this group recently published in the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 97(1): 9–32.     

A revision of Arenaria section Plinthine (Caryophyllaceae)

GOYDER, D. J., 1987. A revision of Arenaria section Plinthine (Coryophyllaceae). The systematics of Arenaria section Plinthine are reviewed and a classification is presented, based on detailed field and herbarium studies. Members of the section are found on the mountains of SW Europe and N Africa. Seven taxa are recognized within five species: A. alfacarensis, A. tetraquetra subsp. tetraquetra, A. tetraquetra subsp. amabilis, A. armerina, A. aggregata subsp. aggregata, A. aggregata subsp. erinacea , and A. querioides. Arenaria armerina and A. aggregata subsp. erinacea are extremely polymorphic and include minor morphological variants which have been treated as separate species in previous systematic treatments of the group.     

禾本科牧草的同工酶分析

本文分析了23种禾本科牧草的酯酶同工酶和过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明,如果统一取材标准及实验条件严格,酶谱资料是稳定可比较的,有一定的系统分类价值。酶谱并结合其它资料证明了成立鼠茅属(Vulpia)的合理性。酶谱资料还表明,黑麦草属(Lolium)可能是小麦族和羊茅族相互联系的桥梁。根据酶谱距离的资料,讨论了小麦族的某些属间关系。例如,作者发现,酶谱资料显示出鹅观草属与披碱草属赖草与披碱草属之间有更近的亲缘关系。     

禾本科植物无融合生殖(综述)

禾本科植物包含了世界上最重要的农作物,也包含了最多的无融合生殖的种类,通过无融合生殖可将农作物的F1代杂种优势固定下来,这在固定农作物杂种优势的利用上具有巨大的潜力,然而禾本科植物无融合生殖作为其繁殖多样性的一种形式,在系统进化过程中的作用是非常复杂的,本文统计了禾本科无融合生殖的分布,概述了其无融合生殖的细胞学,遗传学和分子生物学研究进展。     

Short Report : Effect of amines and guanidines on Rb+ absorption by excised corn roots

The effect of alkyl-amines and -guanidines on the absorption of rubidium by the excised roots of the corn plant was tested. Inhibition of Rb⁺ absorption was observed with both amines and guanidines, where guanidines were more effective. The effect of alkylamines on Rb⁺ transport depends on their molecular structure.     

Micromorphology of the leaf epidermis in taxa of the Agropyron-Elymus complex (Poaceae)

WEBB, M. E. & ALMEIDA, M. T., 1990. Micromorphology of the leaf epidermis in taxa of the Agropyron-Elymus complex (Poaceae). A comparative analysis by scanning electron microscopy was carried out on both leaf epidermes (adaxial and abaxial) of Elymus pychnanthus (Godr.) Meld, and Agropyron glaucum Roemer & Schultes.
The adaxial epidermes of E.pychnanthus and A. glaucum are similar in the position and the shape of the long cells, silica bodies and costal and papillate prickles. They differ in the higher number of silica cells in E. pychnanthus and in the presence of intercostal hooks in A. glaucum.
The abaxial epidermes of both species are similar in the shape of interstomatal cells, silica bodies and papillate prickles. They differ in the distribution of the stomata and in the contact zones of the long cells. Elymus pychnanthus and A. glaucum differ also in the trichomes situated along the margins of the leaf blade.
These micromorphological differences, especially those of the abaxial epidermis, are useful taxonomic features.     

Purification and properties of N-carbamylputrescine amidohydrolase from maize shoots

N-Carbamylputrescine (NCP) amidohydrolase was purified ca 70-fold from maize shoots. The enzyme was present in the cytosol and the optimal pH w     

沟稃草属研究札记

本文对沟稃草属Ａｎｉｓｅｂｙｔｒｏｎ Ｍｅｒｒｉｌｌ的系统分类进行了初步的整理与修订。认为Ａｕｌａｃｏｌｅｐｉｓ Ｈａｃｋｅｌ（１９０７）（Ｎｅｏａｕｌａｃｏｌｅｐｉｓ Ｓ．Ｒａｕｓｃｈｅｒｔ（１９８２）ｐｒｏ ｎｏｍ．ｎｏｖ．Ａｕｌａｃｄｅｐｉｓ）ｎｏｎ Ｃ．ｖ．Ｅｉｔｉｎｇｓｈａｕｓｅｎ（１８９３）、Ａｎｉｓｅｌｙｔｒｏｎ Ｍｅｒｒｉｌｌ（１９１０）与Ａｎｉｓａｃｈｎｅ Ｋｅｎｇ（１９５８）是     

Cell wall β-d-glucans of five grass species

Structural features of noncellulosic β-d-glucans of Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum vulgare, Secale cereale, and Sorghum bicolor were compared. Treatment of cell walls derived from these species with specific Bacillus subtilis or Rhizopus glucanases yields virtually identical profiles upon Bio-Gel P-2 fractionation of the liberated oligosaccharides. The two predominant reaction products, a trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide, were identified as 3-O-β-cellobiosyl-d-glucose and 3-O-β-cellotriosyl-d-glucose respectively by virtue of the specificity of these enzymes and by paper chromatography and electrophoresis. The similarity of the reaction product profiles indicates a rather regular repeating sequence in all β-d-glucans examined. The ratios of 3-O-β-cellobiosyl-d-glucose to 3-O-β-cellotriosyl-d-glucose indicates that 30.4–30.9% of the β-glucosyl linkages in the intact molecule are 1 → 3. The yields of wall glucan as estimated from the quantity of oligosaccharides released, range from 41 μg/mg wall in Hordeum to 97 μg/mg wall from Sorghum.     

云南鲤属(Cyprinus)鱼类的分类整理

关于鲤属鱼类的分类,过去已有两次比较系统的研究,但对亚属的划分、种下阶元的判定等仍有争议。原因是分类所循的外形性状变异较大,且多互相重叠。本文试从骨骼比较入手,寻找新的、较为稳定的分类依据。经比较分析,鲤属鱼类的第一脊椎横突、上颌骨、上筛骨、额骨、枕骨突、犁骨、下咽骨和下颌骨等存在明显差异,可作为划分亚属和种的鉴别特征。据此重新分类整理,认为Mesocyprinus亚属仍能成立,首次把产于洱海的厚唇鲤cyprinus crassilabris Chen et Hwang归入杞麓鲤Cyprinus carpio chilia Wu et al.的同物异名;Cyprinus pellegrini pellegrini Tchang,Cyprinus pellegrini barbatus Chen et Hwang,Cyprinns yunnanensis yunnanensis Tchang和Cyprinus yunnanensis daliensis Chen et Hwang在骨骼上有明显分化,由亚种提升为各自独立的种。整理后云南共有鲤属鱼类12个种和亚种,以骨骼特征做出检索表。     

Peroxidase-mediated hydroxylation of p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile,an intermediate in dhurrin synthesis in sorghum

A soluble enzyme from sorghum seedlings mediates the aliphatic hydroxylation of p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile. The reaction was dependent on the pres