西昌万寿菊花中化学成分的研究

从万寿菊（Tagetes ereata L．）花中分得8个已知化合物,分别为丁香酸（Syringic acid,1）,3,4二羟基苯甲酸（3,4-dihydroxybenzonic acid,2）,β-香树脂醇（β-amyrin,3）,槲皮万寿菊素（Quercetagetin,4）,Quercetagetin 7-methyl（5）,β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,6）,豆甾醇（stigmasterol,7）,正三十四烷（Tetratriacontane,8）。应用光谱法鉴定了所有化合物的结构。     

滇产草果的精油成分

研究了滇产１６个草果（Ａｍｏｍｕｍｔｓａｏ－ｋｏ）样品,测定了干果及茎叶的精油含量。干果的精油含量在１．５６％～１．７４％之间,茎叶的精油含量为０．０８５％～０．１１％。从它们的精油中鉴定了近８０种化学成分,主要是１,８－桉油素、柠檬醛、香叶醇、反－２－十一烯醛、２－癸烯醛、β－蒎烯等     

不同丛枝菌根真菌对万寿菊生长及柴油降解率的影响

在盆栽条件下,用沈抚污灌区非灭菌水稻土,研究了柴油浓度为5000mg·kg^1时接种3种AM真菌(Glomus mosseae,G.geospora,G.constrictum)和细菌对万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)耐油性的影响。结果表明,在此浓度下,AM菌仍能和万寿菊形成共生体,白色万寿菊比黄色万寿菊耐油能力强,总生物量增加63．1％;接种AM真菌的处理,其侵染率比对照高3．5％～29．9％．G．masseae和G．geospora是较好的菌种,总生物量分别比对照增加9．0％和42．7％;混接AM真菌效果一般。施入细菌菌剂虽然抑制了AM菌对万寿菊的侵染,但促进了菌根化植物的营养生长和生殖生长,5种接菌处理中,以接种G．geospora和混接AM菌和细菌的处理最好,对柴油的降解率分别比对照增加16．51％和14．05％。     

Study on the Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil of Aquilaria sinensis Lour Gilg

Sinenofuranal and sinenofuranol, two new sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the essential oil of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. by flash column chromatography (silica gel) and Sephadex-20 column chromatography Based on preparation, spectra of derivative sinenofuranic acid (Ⅶ), the analysis of X-ray diffraction and spectra of sinenofuranol (Ⅱ), the structures of two sesquiterpenoids were elucidated as (Ⅰ) and (Ⅱ) in Fig. respectively Baimuxinal, baimuxinic acid, β-agarofuran, dihydro karanone were also isolated.     

万寿菊食用色素及其稳定性研究

以万寿菊花序为实验材料,从光,热,pH值,还原介质,氧化介质,蔗糖,防腐剂,金属离子等对色素稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果表明：万寿菊色素的耐光,耐热,耐还原性较差;对氧化剂有一定耐受性,适用pH值范围广;蔗糖以及金属离子Na^ ,K^ 对色度基本上无影响,而Fe^2 ,Sn^2 ,Zn^2 对色素溶液颜色的稳定性只有微弱影响;而Fe^3 ,Cu^2 ,Ca^2 的加入则改变了色素溶液的颜色,对色度有一定的影响。     

万寿菊再生体系的建立及优化

以40个不同基因型万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)叶片为外植体, 在相同条件下诱导不定芽分化, 获得最佳再生基因型; 然后分析不同激素组合、外植体切口方式、固化剂及蔗糖对万寿菊再生和玻璃化影响; 最后对不同类型的伸长培养基进行探索。结果表明, 最佳再生基因型为里程碑·黄色; 最佳再生培养基为MS+0.2 mg·L^‒1 TDZ+0.5 mg·L^‒1 IBA+8 g·L^‒1琼脂+40 g·L^‒1蔗糖, 再生率达70%, 玻璃化率降低至16%; 最适再生的小叶部位为全小叶; 最适伸长培养基为MS+8 g·L^‒1琼脂+30 g·L^‒1蔗糖, 伸长率达91.3%。该研究建立了高效稳定的万寿菊再生体系, 解决了万寿菊再生过程中严重的玻璃化问题, 可为万寿菊的遗传改良和基因功能研究奠定基础。     

假烟叶树叶挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法、两相溶剂萃取法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对茄科植物假烟叶树(Solanum verbascifoliumL.)叶挥发油的化学成分进行分析和鉴定。其新鲜叶片提取10 h的挥发油得率为0.0611%。经毛细管色谱分离出18个峰,共鉴定出17种化合物,占挥发油总量的99.73%;用气相色谱面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量,其主要化学成分为:大牻牛儿烯D(37.07%),咕巴烯(26.29%),1β-(1-甲基乙基)-4,7-二甲基-1α,2,4a()β,5,8,8a()α-六氢萘(13.63%),石竹烯(8.03%),1-β乙烯基-1-α甲基-2,β4-β双(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烷(5.81%),-γ榄香烯(2.16%),α-筚澄茄油烯(2.06%),异喇叭烯(0.98%)。以上8种化合物占总挥发油含量的90.22%。     

The Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Flowers,Leaves and Peels of Citrus aurantium

Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl., is a better species of sour oranges. There are essential oils in the flowers, the peels, the leaves and the branches of C. aurantium. The flower oil can be used in the preparation of perfumes of high quality. The peel oil is used mainly for the flavor-endowing of soft drinks, alcoholic drinks, bread, confectionaries and cakes. In order to control the quality of the essential oils and to improve them, we have systema- tically studied the chemical constituents of the flowers, the leaves and the peals of C. aurantium with our preparation. 12 main components were separated by silica gel column chromatography. The following 33 chemical components were identified by IR, GC-MS and GC retention index: α-thujene, α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, β-ocimene, trans-linalooloxide (furanoid), cis-linalooloxide (furanoid), linalool, 1,4-p-methadien-7-ol, trans-pinocarveol, camphor, terpinen-4-ol α-terpineol, nerol, citral-b, geraniol, linalylacetate, citrala, trans-linalooloxide (pyranoid), methyl anthranilate, terpinyl acetate, cis-linalooloxide (pyranoid), neryl acetate. geranyl acetate, nonanal, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, γ-muurolene, β-nerolidol, farnesol, α- nerolidol. GC retention index of 33 compounds were measured. A fast method for routine determination is presented.     

Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from the Peel of Citrus bergamia Risso

The chemical components of the essential oil from the peel of Citrus bergamia Risso., which is first introduced successfully by us from abroad, were identified by GC-MS-DS technique, dual column retention index, and dual column authentic sample superimposition. The relative content of components of the essential oil, obtained by different methods, were measured. The experiment results indicated that the chemical components of the essential oil from the peel of Citrus bergamia Risso. are in agreement with values reported in articles abroad.     

The Establishment and Optimization of a Regeneration System for Marigold (Tagetes erecta)

以40个不同基因型万寿菊(Tagetes erecta)叶片为外植体, 在相同条件下诱导不定芽分化, 获得最佳再生基因型; 然后分析不同激素组合、外植体切口方式、固化剂及蔗糖对万寿菊再生和玻璃化影响; 最后对不同类型的伸长培养基进行探索。结果表明, 最佳再生基因型为里程碑·黄色; 最佳再生培养基为MS+0.2 mg·L^?1 TDZ+0.5 mg·L^?1 IBA+8 g·L^?1琼脂+40 g·L^?1蔗糖, 再生率达70%, 玻璃化率降低至16%; 最适再生的小叶部位为全小叶; 最适伸长培养基为MS+8 g·L^?1琼脂+30 g·L^?1蔗糖, 伸长率达91.3%。该研究建立了高效稳定的万寿菊再生体系, 解决了万寿菊再生过程中严重的玻璃化问题, 可为万寿菊的遗传改良和基因功能研究奠定基础。     

万寿菊根提取物对山楂叶螨谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和蛋白酶及蛋白质含量的影响

采用常规生化实验方法,探讨了山楂叶螨在光、暗条件下经万寿菊根的氯仿提取物(TPC)作用后谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、蛋白酶活性及蛋白质含量. 生物样品采用活体处理和离体处理相结合的方法. 结果表明：万寿菊根氯仿提取物的光活化生物活性最高,其次为水提取物,最后为甲醇提取物;山楂叶螨经TPC处理后,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和蛋白酶活性显著升高,蛋白质含量明显下降,蛋白酶及蛋白质含量变化程度在光照条件下显著高于黑暗处理.万寿菊根氯仿提取物中存在的活性物质,能够促进山楂叶螨离体酶液中蛋白酶的活化;TPC通过激活试螨体内的蛋白酶而促进蛋白质的降解. 万寿菊次生物质的生物活性主要属于光活化活性.     

湖北油樟叶精油的化学成分

长期以来 ,油樟 Cinnamomumlongepaniculatum(Gamble) N.Chao ex H.W.Li一直被公认为四川特有树种 [13 ]。事实上 ,早在 1 982年陶光复等开始调查湖北樟属植物时 ,便陆续发现鄂西山区恩施、巴东、利川、鹤峰、长阳和南漳等县均有油樟分布 ,生长在海拔 5 0 0～ 1 40 0 m的山坡、溪边或路旁[4 ] 。李毓敬等对湖南省的油樟资源作了调查 ,认为油樟在湖南西部广为分布 [5] 。近两年来 ,又有文献报道 ,在陕西南部也有油樟分布 [6,7]。由此可见 ,油樟主产四川 ,分布区东至湖北西部、南抵湖南西部、北达陕西南部。按照吴征镒关于中国植物区系的分…     

湖北川桂叶精油的化学成分

川桂 ( Cinnamomum wilsonii Gamble)是中国特有植物 ,主产湖北、四川和湖南 ,在广西、广东、江西和陕西等省区也有分布 ,资源贮量相当丰富。由于其各部位器官均含有挥发油 ,具有比较浓烈的药香气味 ,我国民间历来习惯于利用川桂作为辛辣类佐料 ,烹调制作食品 ,或当作桂皮类中药材用以治疗疾病。因此 ,关于川桂挥发油 (精油 )的化学组成颇为引人关注。我们曾经研究报道过 ,湖北长阳和咸丰两县产川桂叶精油的主成分均为柠檬醛 ,其含量分别高达77.99%和 86.47% [1]。另据报道 ,四川产川桂叶精油的主要成分为芳樟醇 ( 2 4 .1 4% )和 1 ,8-桉叶…     

Study on The Chemical Constituents from the Essential Oil of Cinnamomum tenuipilis Kosterm

This paper reports chemical constituents of the essential oil from the leaves of Cinnamomum tenuipilis Kosterm. By applying PGC, GC/MS/DS, IR and other methods, 12 components have been identified. These components are: 3-hexen-l-ol, ocimene, L-linalool, geraniol, α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, t-β-farnesene, α-humulene, δ-cadinene, (Z)-β-farnesene, diphenylamine, farneol etc. The total content of the above 12 compounds is 99.94 percent of the essential oil. L- linalool amounts to 97.51%.     

燕子掌挥发油化学成分的研究

应用气象色谱-质谱联用技术对燕子掌挥发油化学成分进行了分析研究,共鉴定出66种组分与燕子掌主要挥发性化学成分以苯乙醇、2,6,6-三甲基-2,4-环庚二烯-1-酮、6,10,14-三甲基十五烷-2-酮、十六烷酸甲酯、十六烷酸乙酯、十八烷酸甲酯为主要成分,化合物类型以酮、酯、类等化合物为主,其中十六烷酸甲酯的含量最高,占挥发油总量的26．13％。     

Cadmium Removal Potential from Contaminated Soil by Tagetes erecta L. and Panicum maximum: Influence of Soil pH

The potential for cadmium (Cd) removal from contaminated soil by two species—marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and Guinea grass (Panicum maximum)—was investigated in pot culture experiments in a greenhouse in triplicate. The concentration of Cd was varied from 50 to 200 mg kg^?1 and the pH was varied from 5.0 to 7.5 to investigate the effect of pH on Cd uptake. The results showed that total biomass of Guinea grass was around nine and seven times higher than that of marigold for Cd treatments of 50 and 100 mg kg^?1 at pH 5.0, respectively. Total cadmium uptake at Cd treatments of 50 and 100 mg kg^?1 at pH 5.0 by Guinea grass was 19.28 ± 3.14 and 36.06 ± 4.28 mg kg^?1, respectively, and for marigold was 15.66 ± 4.17 and 20.38 ± 3.24 mg kg^?1, respectively. The total Cd uptake by Guinea grass was 1.23 and 1.77 higher than that of marigold at Cd treatments of 50 and 100 mg kg^?1, respectively, at pH 5.0 due to higher biomass. The maximum Cd uptake by marigold and Guinea grass occurred at pH 5.0 at Cd treatment of 100 mg kg^?1. The results clearly show that the two species behave very differently for Cd uptake. Guinea grass is easy to grow, drought tolerant and, due to its higher biomass, it can be used for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.     

四种裸子植物叶精油化学成分的研究

采用气相色谱—质谱—计算机联用仪对穗花杉、南方红豆杉、三尖杉和罗汉松叶精油化学成分的研究发现,三尖杉和穗花杉叶精油的组成特点极为相似,相同成分１３个,占各自精油组成的４８．０７％和３３．３２％．三尖杉和南方红豆杉叶精油的相同成分４个,占各自精油组成的１６．１４％和４０．５９％．在一定程度上支持三尖杉科和红豆杉科的亲缘关系接近,红豆杉科可能是通过穗花杉属和三尖杉科相联系的观点．罗汉松和穗花杉叶精油的相同成分４个,占各自叶精油组成的比例为２４．０９％和２０．８２％,比罗汉松和南方红豆杉、三尖杉之间组分的相似性要高．反映出罗汉松科和红豆杉科之间有一定联系,穗花杉属是认识红豆杉科、三尖杉科和罗汉松科之间系统关系的关键属