中国水筛属植物叶片的过氧化物酶同工酶研究

本文对我国水筛属植物4种9个居群的叶片作了过氧化物酶同工酶分析。指出有尾水筛和无尾水筛的一些居群具有共有酶谱带,二者联系密切,它们和水筛,光滑水筛的差异比较显著。认为酶谱特点与水筛属植物的形态特征存在联系,酶谱带数有一定的分类价值。     

浙江省水鳖科植物的种类与分布

浙江省有水鳖科植物5属8种,均属淡水种类,其中无尾水筛、有尾水筛和密齿苦草为浙江分布新记录。在水平分布上,水筛属分布局限于浙江东南部,苦草属则分布于浙江大部分地区而未见于浙江南部。在垂直分布上,水筛属的种数和分布量,在海拔600米以下,随海拔增高而增加,再向上又有减少的趋势;其余各属的种数和分布量则随海拔增高而减少。它们的分布主要受各自适宜的生境在水平和垂直带的不同分布所制约。浙江水鳖科植物区系与我国亚热带各省区尤其是相邻省的关系十分密切。     

中国水鳖科植物种皮微形态特征及其系统学意义

通过扫描电镜对国产水鳖科植物(包括6属13种)的种皮微形态特征进行观察,并作了系统描述。根据种皮细胞形态、外种皮表面纹饰和内种皮内层小瘤状突起的特点将水鳖科植物的种皮微形态特征划分为3种类型,即海菜花型(海菜花属)、水鳖型(水鳖属)和苦草型(苦草属、水筛属、虾子草属和黑藻属),并作出了分属检索表。本文结果表明,种皮微形态特征可作为该科族、属以及属内种级水平分类的依据,对探讨属间关系和该科的系统发育关系亦具有重要的价值。种皮微形态特征支持Hutchinson(1959)和Eckhardt(1964)将海菜花属和水鳖属分别作为一个独立的族处理的观点。苦草属、水筛属和虾子草属种皮微形态特征的高度相似性表明它们间有密切的联系,不支持将它们置于不同亚科和族的分类处理。黑藻属虽与上述3属近缘,但其外种皮特征则较为独特,因此与水筛属放在不同族中更为合理。本文种皮微形态特征的研究结果支持iki1937)和Shaffer-Fehre(1991b)等关于水鳖科与茨藻科近缘的观点。     

Chromosome Numbers and Karyotype Analysis of 9 Species in Hydrocharitaceae

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes in 9 species of 5 genera from China. It is found that all these analysed species are diploid. The karyotypes of most species are made of m and sm and of a few of st chromosomes. These are grouped into four types, 1A, 2A and 1B, 2B. Blyxa is the most primitive, and Hydrilla is the most advanced.     

7种獐牙菜属植物花粉形态的研究

本文应用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,对龙胆科(Gentianaceae)獐牙菜属(Swertia L.)7种植物(獐牙菜Swertia bimaculata(S.et z.)HK.f.Thoms.、水灵芝S.davidii Franch.、江浙獐牙菜S.hickinii Burkill.、贵州獐牙菜S.kouitchensisFranch.、大籽獐牙菜S.macrosperma C.B.Clarke.、翼梗獐牙菜S.nervosa Wall.、紫红獐牙菜S.punicea Hemsl.)的花粉形态作了比较观察,找出了它们的鉴别特征,阐明了獐牙菜属植物花粉的外壁外层表面纹饰的三种类型为条纹—网状、网状和瘤状雕纹。     

水鳖科植物花和花序的形态学及发育的基本式样

通过野外调查 ,结合实体解剖和扫描电镜观察 ,对国产水鳖科植物花和花序的分化式样及花部结构多样性进行了研究 ,并探讨了水鳖科植物的花部发育的基本式样 ,结果表明 ,在花部是三基数的植物中 ,如水筛属 (Blyxa)、水车前属 (Ottelia)等 ,花器官原基以轮状 ,向心发育 ,辐射对称的方式发生 ,后一轮倾向于与前一轮相交替 ;在花部非三基数的植物中 ,如虾子草属 (Nechamandra) ,苦草属 (Vallisneria)等 ,由于部分花器官缺失 ,花器官原基呈不规则发生。     

Relationships of wild Brassica species with chromosome number 2n = 18, based on RFLP studies.

An array of 10 wild Brassica species with chromosome number 2n = 18 represented by 34 populations was analyzed for genome similarity using genomic and cDNA clones. Species studied included B. bourgeaui (Webb) O. Kuntze, B. cretica Lam., B. hilarionis G.E. Post, B. incana Ten., B. insularis Moris, B. macrocarpa (Guss.) Caruel, B. montana Pourret, B. oleracea L., B. rupestris Rafin., and B. villosa Biv. The RFLP data were used to calculate similarities between populations that were subsequently treated in a cluster analysis. Most populations of a species were grouped together and were separate from populations of other species. The previously identified B. incana - B. rupestris - B. villosa complex was verified, and genetic similarity between the species B. montana and B. oleracea was evident. An interesting association between B. insularis and B. macrocarpa was observed. The UPGMA analysis showed that the species tended to cluster according to geographic region: B. cretica and B. hilarionis comprise a cluster that could be called Eastern Mediterranean; B. oleracea, B. bourgeaui, and B. montana define an Atlantic - Western Mediterranean cluster; B. incana, B. rupestris, and B. villosa form an Italian group; and a B. insularis - B. macrocarpa association may be called Central Mediterranean.     

獐牙菜属生药形态组织学的研究Ⅱ.叶片的比较微形态学研究

本文报道１２种国产獐牙菜属和花锚属花用植物叶片的扫描电镜观察结果,并比较对照了光镜下的微形态特征。研究表明：叶片的表面纹饰以及栅表比、气孔指数等显微特征对鉴定该类药用植物有一定的价值。文中并附电镜照片、绘图和比较表等。     

Seasonal growth and reproductive ecology of two threatened aquatic macrophytes, Blyxa aubertii and B. echinosperma (Hydrocharitaceae), in irrigation ponds of south-western Japan

Ecological life history and reproductive traits of two threatened aquatic macrophytes, Blyxa aubertii L.C. Richard and B. echinosperma (Clarke) Hooker, were studied in irrigation ponds in south-western Japan. The size of plants varied greatly in both species but reproductive allocation was nearly constant irrespective of plant size at reproductive stage, amounting to 31.8% and 45.9% at maximum in B. aubertii and B. echinosperma, respectively. The number of flowers and total number of seeds produced per individual were associated significantly with plant size. Seeds were produced by self-pollination both in emerged and submerged cleistogamous flowers and seed set rate of the two species was very high. These traits are considered to be adaptive to unstable environments that are liable to water level fluctuations, such as rice-fields and irrigation ponds.     

武汉东湖若干种轮虫休眠卵的形态观察

休眠卵是轮虫在恶劣生态条件下形成的滞育结构。本研究用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对东湖14种轮虫休眠卵形态进行了观察,其中关于尾突臂尾轮虫（Brachionuscaudatus,Barrois＆Daday）、方形臂尾轮虫（Bquadridentatus,hermann）、中型晶囊轮虫（Asplanchnaintermedia,Hudson）、顶生三肢轮虫（Filiniaterminalis,Plate）的休眠卵的形态特征尚未见过报道。这些休眠卵一般卵壳较厚,颜色较深,壳表面有纹饰。不同种轮虫的休眠卵形态、壳饰各不相同,具种的特异性,但在某些轮虫,即使同一种中休眠卵形态有时亦存在较大的差异。     

A Study of Pollen Morphology of Some Aquatic Vascular Plants in Honghu Lake,Hubei

This paper deals with the pollen morphology of 22 species of the aquatic plants belonging to 18 genera and 13 families. 11 species of them are first time reported: Potarnogeton maackianus Benn; P. malaianus Miq., MyriophyUurn spicatum L., Zizania latifolia Turcz., Sagittaria sagittifolia L. var. longilaba Turcz., Polygonum hydropiper L., Ranunculus sceleratus L., Cardamine lyrata Bunge, Cyperus difforrnis L., Eleocharis pellucida Presl and Scirpus rnucronatus Diels. All pollen grains were observed under light microscope (LM) but 12 species among them were also examined under scanning electronic microscope(SEM). The environmental conditions and community structure of aquatic vegetation in the lake are briefly discussed.     

Surveillance for batrachochytrium dendrobatidis using Mixophyes (Anura: Myobatrachidae) larvae

Fourteen populations of anuran larvae (tadpoles), including three populations of the endangered Fleay's Barred Frog (Mixophyes fleayi) and 11 populations of the common Great Barred Frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus), in creek sites in the southeast region of Queensland were selected. Site selection was based on a history (within the district) of adult frog population declines and/or disappearances or records of infection of adult frogs or larvae by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Larvae were collected once from each creek site between October 2002 and October 2004, and were between Gosner developmental stages 25 and 40. Total body length ranged from 18 mm to 100 mm. Mouthparts were examined under a dissecting microscope for grossly visible abnormalities, and then examined for histologic evidence of B. dendrobatidis. The most consistent mouthpart abnormalities found were multifocal depigmentation of the jaw sheaths and loss or shortening of the tooth rows. At the individual larva level, presence of mouthpart abnormalities was strongly associated with histologic diagnosis of B. dendrobatidis (93%). At least one larva with abnormal mouthparts was detected at 12 of the 14 sites and histologic evidence of B. dendrobatidis was detected at 13 of the 14 sites. These findings suggest that larvae of Mixophyes species are suitable for surveillance for B. dendrobatidis. We conclude that surveillance of B. dendrobatidis where individual larva prevalences of mouthpart abnormalities and histologic evidence of B. dendrobatidis are as high as those observed in this study (66% and 78%, respectively), relatively small numbers of larvae are required to detect these infections. Medium to large larvae (body length >30 mm) were much more likely to be affected than small larvae (body length < or =30 mm), suggesting that larger individuals should be targeted for surveillance.     

美洲地区主要玉米群体特征及其利用途径分析

美洲地区是全球玉米起源和遗传多样性中心, 优良种质渗入是拓宽我国玉米种质基础的有效途径。通过整理和分析不同学者关于美国、国际玉米小麦改良中心(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CIMMYT)和巴西玉米种质的配合力及杂种优势研究结果, 鉴定出在我国可能有应用潜力的24个优良玉米群体, 包括8个美国群体, 8个CIMMYT群体和8个巴西玉米群体。建议在适应性改良的基础上, 以我国本土化的A群和B群为核心, 将群体BSSS(R)C10、BS10(FR)C14、BS13(S)C9、BSK(HI)C8 Syn 3、BR106、Pop44(C8)、Pop45(C3)与A群种质, 群体BS11(FR)C14、BS16(S)C3 Syn 2、BS29(R)C3、BSCB1(R)C14、BR105、Pop42(C4)与B群种质构建复合群体, 开展改良, 拓宽我国玉米种质类群的遗传基础。     

中国特有蝙蝠大卫鼠耳蝠种群长距离殖民事件

2001-2009年,在全国范围内采集了14个地理种群总计126个样本,以线粒体控制区作为分子标记,分析大卫鼠耳蝠种群系统发育关系和殖民历史.根据线粒体控制区序列构建的TCS网络图,将大卫鼠耳蝠的14个地理种群划分成3个地理区域,分别为中东部平原区、西南高原区和南方丘陵区.在53个单倍型中,浙江的单倍型14、贵州的单倍型47、广东的单倍型50分别为3个地理区域的祖先单倍型.Geodis、错配分布和中性检验的分析结果表明,中东部平原区(76.12和79.17 ka BP)和西南高原区(69.12 ka BP)曾发生过种群扩张事件,并于61.24 ka BP发生了一次由西南高原向中东部平原区的长距离殖民事件.分子生物学、仿生学、解剖学和空气动力学的证据,共同揭示了大卫鼠耳蝠具有长距离的迁移能力.     

荨麻科楼梯草属植物瘦果的补充描述

楼梯草属植物的瘦果具有较高的形态多样性,可作为种类鉴定的重要依据.然而,中国超过半数楼梯草属植物缺少瘦果形态信息.该研究通过野外考察、标本查阅以及光镜和扫描电镜的观察,对七种楼梯草属植物的瘦果进行了补充描述,并提供了墨线图和照片.该研究结果对该属的进一步分类修订提供了有价值的信息.     

中华蜜蜂工蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

对中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)工蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察,见到在触角上有九种类型的感受器,它们是板形感器、腔锥感器、坛形感器、钟形感器、锥形感器、毛形感器A、毛形感器B、毛形感器C和D、缘感器以及各种类型的刚毛等.对于这些感受器的外部形态和分布部位进行了详细地观察和描述,发现中华蜜蜂与西方意蜂(Apis mellifera)有差异.     

双头异极藻(Gomphonema biceps Meister)——中国淡水硅藻一个新记录种

2015年11月对武夷山北部山区溪流的附着藻类多样性进行调查研究时,发现了淡水硅藻的一个中国新记录种——双头异极藻（Gomphonema biceps Meister）。通过光镜和扫描电镜观察,对双头异极藻武夷山地理种群的形态特征进行了详细描述,并将其与国外种群以及其他相似物种的形态特征进行了比较,同时对该物种的生境特点和世界地理分布作了介绍。     

我国罂粟科(Papaveraceae)植物的花粉形态

本文用光学显微镜对我国16属60种5变种罂粟科植物花粉形态进行了系统地观察研究。其中对15属27种进行了扫描观察。本科花粉形态为多类型。3沟为原始的、基本的花粉类型。根据萌发孔的形状、数目和特征,将罂粟科的花粉分为2沟,3沟,4-6沟、散沟、散孔和无萌发孔6个花粉类型。根据孢粉学资料,本文对绿绒蒿属(Meconopsis Vig.)花粉粒和其它器官的进化趋势,罂粟科在进化上的亲缘关系和本科花粉萌发孔的演化趋向等问题进行了讨论。     

Genetic and morphometric characterization of mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from mid-atlantic hydrothermal vents.

Mussels were collected from deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Specimens from the Snake Pit site were previously identified genetically and anatomically as Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis, but the relationships of mussels from other sites (Logatchev and Lucky Strike) were unclear. Molecular genetic and morphological techniques were used to assess differences among these mussel populations. The results indicate that the range for B. puteoserpentis extends from Snake Pit to Logatchev, and that an unnamed second species, B. n. sp., occurs at Lucky Strike. Analysis of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) revealed 13% sequence divergence between the two species. Nei's genetic distance (D) based on 14 allozyme loci was 0.112. A multivariate morphometric analysis yielded a canonical discriminant function that correctly identified individuals from these sites to species 95% of the time.     

中国红树植物花粉形态

红树林是热带海岸的特殊植被类型。红树植物花粉已被证实加入海泥沉积,因此,可作为海滨、浅海相的直接标志。本文对分布于我国的红树植物22科29属40种以及寄生在红树植物上的桑寄生科植物3属3种进行光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜的观察,以期为海洋地质勘探提供参考依据。