Oreocharis duyunensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guizhou,China

Oreocharis duyunensis Z.Y. Li, X.G. Xiang et Z.Y. Guo (Gesneriaceae), endemic to Guizhou, China, is described as a new species. The new species is easily distinguished from other Oreocharis species by having a white, stellate ring‐like disc. Morphologically, the species is similar to Oreocharis chienii (Chun) Mich. Möller & A. Weber but differs by its densely white pilose leaves, mixed brown‐pilose, pubescent and glandular‐pubescent peduncle and pedicle, white stellate ring‐like disc, and linear‐lanceolate capsule. Based on phylogenetic reconstruction and interspecific genetic distances of nuclear ITS and chloroplast trnL‐F regions, O. duyunensis is a new species with uncertain phylogenetic position.     

苦苣苔科大叶石上莲CYC类基因RT-PCR表达模式研究

CYC类基因的分子系统学研究已经在苦苣苔科Gesneriaceae中展开,但是还缺乏对这些基因表达和功能的研究。因此,我们选择苦苣苔科大叶石上莲Oreocharis benthamii作为实验材料,分离出了CYC类基因的两个拷贝,经过分子系统学分析这两个基因分别属于苦苣苔科GCYC1和GCYC2两个分支,故命名为ObCYC1和ObCYC2。分区的RT-PCR实验结果显示这两个基因拥有不同的时间空间表达模式。ObCYC1与模式植物金鱼草Antirrhinum majus中的CYC基因类似,集中在花冠背部区域表达,这与它们拥有保守的功能区TCP和R相一致。但是,ObCYC1与CYC表达模式仍有区别,即,和CYC相比ObCYC1在花冠背部区域的表达提前减弱。这可能和大叶石上莲花冠微弱的两侧对称性相关。另外,由于大叶石上莲的背部花瓣较两侧和腹部花瓣小,因此,在功能上ObCYC1可能起抑制背部花瓣生长作用而CYC基因则促进背部花瓣生长。与ObCYC1不同,ObCYC2的保守功能区有更多的氨基酸位点变化,而且在RT-PCR实验中也没有检测到它的表达。因此,需要开展更深入的实验研究分析ObCYC2的基本功能,这将有助于了解GCYC2类基因在苦苣苔科及其近缘科中的功能和进化途径。     

Oreocharis xieyongii,an unusual new species of Gesneriaceae from western Hunan,ChinaOA

A new species,Oreocharis xieyongii T.Deng,D.G.Zhang & H.Sun,from Hunan Province,central China,is described.The combination of purple zygomorphic corolla with longer adaxial lobes and exserted stamens defines the species and discriminates it from all other current Oreocharis species.Morphological traits of the new species were compared to those of two similar species,Oreocharis xiangguiensis and 0.rubrostriata.Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new species is nested within the Oreochari...     

网叶马铃苣苔(苦苣苔科)的重新发现以及花的补充描述（英文）

花部形态是马铃苣苔属属下划分和种间界定的关键性状,缺乏花器官的描述直接导致了一些存疑物种的存在。网叶马铃苣苔(Oreocharis rhytidophylla C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li)自1956年最后被采集到并于1983年发表,由于没有花的特征,在《中国植物志》《中国苦苣苔科植物》和Flora of China均存疑,但该种在随后的60余年间再无相关的采集记录。作者经过多年的跟踪调查,于2017年在其模式产地重新发现并采集了带花的凭证标本。该文作者根据已经采集到的具花标本,确定这个种是个自然种,并基于新收集到的材料,补充描述了花的形态特征。网叶马铃苣苔的重新发现,为探索其系统位置提供了重要的依据。     

New Plants of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi of China (Cont. I)

Five new species of Gesneriaceae from Guangxi of China are described and illustrated. They are Oreocharis heterandra , Didymostigma leiophyllum , Chirita macrodonta ,C. macrorhiza and C. liujiangensis.     

单种属弥勒苣苔属系统位置研究：基于分子和细胞学数据

弥勒苣苔属是苦苣苔科的单种属,仅分布于中国西南部。为探讨弥勒苣苔在苦苣苔亚科中的系统位置,我们选择了苦苣苔亚科116个类群,外类群为苦苣苔亚科以外的7个物种。用最大简约法（MP）和贝叶斯分析（BI）,对以上类群的核基因ITS以及两个叶绿体基因trnL-F、atpB-rbcL数据进行了独立和联合分析。在三个片段联合分析的结果中,弥勒苣苔与马铃苣苔属、后蕊苣苔属、金盏苣苔属、直瓣苣苔属以及川鄂粗筒苣苔构成一个强烈支持的分枝。MP树中,此分枝为并系,而在BI分析中,弥勒苣苔与川鄂粗筒苣苔、直瓣苣苔属互为姐妹类群。同时,第一次报道了弥勒苣苔的染色体数目（2n=34）。根据前人报道,马铃苣苔属、后蕊苣苔属、粗筒苣苔属和直瓣苣苔属的染色体数目同为2n=34,这进一步支持我们的分子系统发育分析。     

单种属弥勒苣苔属系统位置研究 基于分子和细胞学数据

弥勒苣苔属是苦苣苔科的单种属,仅分布于中国西南部。为探讨弥勒苣苔在苦苣苔亚科中的系统位置,我们选择了苦苣苔亚科116个类群,外类群为苦苣苔亚科以外的7个物种。用最大简约法（MP）和贝叶斯分析（BI）,对以上类群的核基因ITS以及两个叶绿体基因trnL-F、atpB-rbcL数据进行了独立和联合分析。在三个片段联合分析的结果中,弥勒苣苔与马铃苣苔属、后蕊苣苔属、金盏苣苔属、直瓣苣苔属以及川鄂粗筒苣苔构成一个强烈支持的分枝。MP树中,此分枝为并系,而在BI分析中,弥勒苣苔与川鄂粗筒苣苔、直瓣苣苔属互为姐妹类群。同时,第一次报道了弥勒苣苔的染色体数目（2n=34）。根据前人报道,马铃苣苔属、后蕊苣苔属、粗筒苣苔属和直瓣苣苔属的染色体数目同为2n=34,这进一步支持我们的分子系统发育分析。     

台闽苣苔（苦苣苔科）花部器官的形态发生

在扫描电镜下对台闽苣苔 (T .oldhamii (Hemsl.)Solereder)进行了花部器官形态发生的观察 ,为探索该类群的个体发育、类群间的系统发育关系和进化趋势提供依据。研究发现该属植物萼片、花冠和雄蕊发生式样均为五数花类型 ,它们各自来源于花原基上分化出来的萼片原基、花冠原基和雄蕊原基 ;花冠与雄蕊的两侧对称性与花冠上唇生长稍快和退化雄蕊原基发育迟滞相关 ;萼片原基的发生和发育的顺序是不一致的 :萼片原基发生的式样为近轴中原基—远轴 2原基— 2侧原基 ,发育式样则为近轴中萼片— 2侧萼片—远轴 2萼片 ,花蕾时为镊合状排列。花冠裂片原基的发生和发育式样是一致的 ,即远轴中裂原基 (下唇中裂片 )—远轴 2侧裂原基 (下唇 2侧裂片 )—近轴 2裂原基 (上唇 2裂片 )。花蕾期卷迭式为覆瓦状排列 ,从外向内 :下唇中裂片—下唇 2侧裂片—上唇 2裂片或下唇 2侧裂片—上唇 2裂片—下唇中裂片。雄蕊原基与花冠裂片原基互生 ,前方雄蕊原基在发生上稍迟于后方雄蕊原基 ,后者与退化雄蕊原基几乎同时发生 ,但较小 ,并与近轴心皮 (或柱头上唇 )对生。将该属与玄参科 (Scrophulari aceae)的地黄属 (Rehmannia)、苦苣苔科 (Gesneriaceae)的异叶苣苔属 (Whytockia)和尖舌苣苔属 (Rhynchoglossum)的花部器官比较发现     

八角属植物分类

根据对18 个国家和地区121 个标本馆收藏的万余份八角属植物标本研究, 结合在国内8 个省区野外调查、采集、引种和对生长发育与物侯的观察, 本文对世界性八角属植物做了分类学修订。根据花蕾和花被片形态特征的变异, 将八角属分为2 组:八角组-含9 种1 亚种, 其花蕾卵球形, 花被片长圆形、椭圆形、披针形至狭舌状, 扁平;八角茴香组-含25 种2 亚种1 变种, 其花蕾球形, 花被片宽卵形至圆形, 下凹。将凹脉组作为八角组的新异名, 圆被亚属作为八角茴香组的新异名;指定了红茴香和柬埔寨八角的后选模式。本文还分析了八角属植物的分类学性状, 作出有分类检索表, 提供有各种植物的地理分布资料, 列举出查阅的主要标本, 并对各分类单元均作了分类学注释。     

台闽苣苔(苦苣苔科)花部器官的形态发生

在扫描电镜下对台闽苣苔 (T. oldhamii (Hemsl.) Solereder)进行了花部器官形态发生的观察,为探索该类群的个体发育、类群间的系统发育关系和进化趋势提供依据.研究发现该属植物萼片、花冠和雄蕊发生式样均为五数花类型,它们各自来源于花原基上分化出来的萼片原基、花冠原基和雄蕊原基;花冠与雄蕊的两侧对称性与花冠上唇生长稍快和退化雄蕊原基发育迟滞相关;萼片原基的发生和发育的顺序是不一致的:萼片原基发生的式样为近轴中原基-远轴2原基-2侧原基,发育式样则为近轴中萼片-2侧萼片-远轴2萼片,花蕾时为镊合状排列.花冠裂片原基的发生和发育式样是一致的,即远轴中裂原基(下唇中裂片)-远轴2侧裂原基(下唇2侧裂片)-近轴2裂原基(上唇2裂片).花蕾期卷迭式为覆瓦状排列,从外向内:下唇中裂片-下唇2侧裂片-上唇2裂片或下唇2侧裂片-上唇2裂片-下唇中裂片.雄蕊原基与花冠裂片原基互生,前方雄蕊原基在发生上稍迟于后方雄蕊原基,后者与退化雄蕊原基几乎同时发生,但较小,并与近轴心皮(或柱头上唇)对生.将该属与玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)的地黄属( Rehmannia )、苦苣苔科(Gesneriaceae)的异叶苣苔属( Whytockia)和尖舌苣苔属(Rhynchoglossum )的花部器官比较发现,这四个属在这方面呈现出多样性和交叉.过去一直按子房室数和胎座类型划分玄参科(子房2室、中轴胎座)和苦苣苔科(子房1室、侧膜胎座)这一做法受到了质疑.     

八角属植物分类

根据对18个国家和地区121个标本馆收藏的万余份八角属植物标本研究,结合在国内8个省区野外调查、采集、引种和对生长发育与物侯的观察,本文对世界性八角属植物做了分类学修订。根据花蕾和花被片形态特征的变异,将八角属分为2组:八角组-含9种1亚种,其花蕾卵球形,花被片长圆形、椭圆形、披针形至狭舌状,扁平;八角茴香组-含25种2亚种1变种,其花蕾球形,花被片宽卵形至圆形,下凹。将凹脉组作为八角组的新异名,圆被亚属作为八角茴香组的新异名;指定了红茴香和柬埔寨八角的后选模式。本文还分析了八角属植物的分类学性状,作出有分类检索表,提供有各种植物的地理分布资料,列举出查阅的主要标本,并对各分类单元均作了分类学注释。     

Studies on the Genus Schizopepon Maxim. (Cucurbitaceae)

The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical distribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper. Having commented on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present authors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tribe, Schizopeponeae, should be supported. The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic point of view. Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not, different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for distinguishing subgenera. The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that a strong differentiation has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera. According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 species, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn., S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschizopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang. The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment. After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed. The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods. At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result is shown in the form of phenogram. The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification. Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China.     

Taxonomy of the Genus Zeadolopus Broun (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae) in Korea

A taxonomic study of the genus Zeadolopus Broun in Korea is presented. Two species, Zeadolopus chaosicus Daffner and Z. japonica (Champion), are recognized and the latter is recorded for the first time in Korea. A key, diagnoses, and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.     

五味子属种子形态及其分类学意义

用光学显微镜及扫描电镜对五味子属（Schisandra)10种96号样品的种子宏观形态和种皮的微观形态特征进行观察,首次对该属的种皮微观形态特征进行系统报道,并编排有分种检索表。研究结果表明：该属的种子宏观形态呈现平滑、细皱纹或瘤状突起,并认为五味子属种子形态可有从平滑到有细皱纹再到有瘤状突起的演化趋势;该属种皮表面微观形态可分为疣状突起型和网纹型。结合其它性状,本文认为网纹型所代表的两种植物应与本属中其它植物建立并列的分类单元。五味子属植物在种子形态特征上存在一定的差异,可为属以下、种以上的分类提供依据,并为探讨该属的系统演化提供有价值的参考资料。     

中国柳莺属鸟类分类研究进展

柳莺属(Phylloscopus)是广泛分布于旧大陆地区的小型食虫鸟类,目前全世界已知66种,其中约50种见于亚洲。该属鸟类外部形态十分相近且同域分布种数较多,历来是鸟类分类学中的研究难点及热点。2003年贾陈喜等介绍了20世纪90年代以来发表的分布于我国的柳莺属鸟类新种及相关分类学变动,涉及3个新描述种和9个由亚种提升的种,共计30种26亚种。2003年以来关于柳莺属鸟类的分类学研究取得了许多新的成果,同时我国境内也发现了一些新的分布记录。综合最新的文献及分布资料,整理得知我国现有柳莺属鸟类41种31亚种,与2003年的状况相比已有较大的变化。主要表现在:新描述种方面,德国学者Martens等2008年描述了黄腹柳莺(P.affinis)种组中的一新种———华西柳莺(P.occisinensis);2010年瑞典学者Alstrm等报道在越南和老挝地区新发现的灰岩柳莺(P.calciatilis)已被证实在我国有分布;亚种提升为种方面,如日本柳莺(P.xanthodryas)自极北柳莺(P.borealis)中独立,冠纹柳莺(P.claudiae)和西南冠纹柳莺(P.reguloides)分开等;分类地位再评议方面,如灰头鹟莺(Seicercusxanthoschistos)实为灰头柳莺(P.xanthoschistos)等;新分布纪录方面,如欧柳莺(P.trochilus)在内蒙古达里诺尔湖地区发现确切记录等。现今对柳莺属鸟类分类学方面的研究已明显呈现出传统形态学、分子遗传学、声谱分析及野外鸣声回放实验等新老技术手段相整合,多方面多角度地阐述问题的局面。中国是世界柳莺属鸟种分布最多的国家(其中有9种仅在或主要于我国境内繁殖),但我国鸟类学者关于该属鸟类的研究工作并不多见。柳莺属鸟类在分类学和进化生物学等领域具有重要的研究价值,我国鸟类学工作者应当引起足够的重视和关注。     

Taxonomy of the Cupressaceae: Subfamilies,Tribes and Genera

Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae have recently been merged under the earlier name Cupressaceae s.I. by many authors, as the two families are similar in a number of morpho logical characters. Sciadopitys S. et Z., which has often been treated as a morphologically isolated member of the Taxodiaceae, has recently been considered as a monotypic family, Sciadopityaceae. The Cupressaceae s.s. may be reorganized into two subfamilies. The Cu pressoideae is composed of genera with the uppermost cone-scales infertile and can be divided into four tribes: Cnpresseae, including Cupressus, X Cupressocyparis, Charnaecyparis and Fokeinia;Thujopsideae, including Thuja, Thujopsis and Platycladusl Junipereae, including Juniperus and Microbiota; and Tetraclineae, including Calocedrus and Tetraclinis. The Callitroideae is composed of genera with the uppermost cone-scales fertile and can be divided into three tribes: Actinostrobeae, including Actinostrobus, Callitris, Fitzroya and Neocallitropsis; Widdringtoneae, including Pilgerodendron, Diselma and Widdringtonia ; Libocedreae, including Libocedrus, Papuacedrus and Austrocedrus. Five geographical distribution patterns are recognized in the 21 genera of Cupressaceae. (a) One genus, X Cupressocyparis, is a natural hybrid derived from selections in England; (b) Two genera, Cupressus and Juniperus, are distributed in Africa, Europe, Asia and North America; (c) Three genera, Thuja, Chamaecyparis, and Calocedrus, are disjnnctly distributed in Eastem Asia and North America; (d) Five genera, Actinostrobus, Callitris, Libocedrus, Papuacedrus and Widdringtonia, have limited distribution; and (e) The other 10 genera, which are monotypic, are restricted to narrow areas except Plotycladus. Three centers of genera diversity are identified in the Cupressaceae, i. e Eastern Asia with nine genera, southwestern North America with five genera, and Australia and its adjacent islands in the east　with six genera, including New Zealand,. Tasmania, New Caledonia, and New Guinea. Other important areas are western Mediterranean with three genera and Chile and Argentinawith three genera.     

中国母草科植物分类及地理分布

对国内外关于母草科(Linderniaceae Borsch,Kai Müller&Eberhard Fischer)系统分类学的研究进展进行了综述,整理和总结了中国母草科植物的分类学变动情况。通过收集中国数字植物标本馆、中国国家标本资源平台、《中国植物志》、Flora of China及《中国生物物种名录》物种分布信息,分析了中国母草科植物的分布格局。结果表明,母草科主要由传统玄参科母草族、腭母草族的类群及原苦苣苔科的侧母草属所构成,共22属220余种,中国分布有8属43种,其中15种为中国特有种。在中国,广西与广东分布的母草科植物最为丰富,新疆、青海和宁夏无母草科植物分布。研究更正了中国母草科植物属的范围及地理分布,以期为母草科植物未来的分类学与生物多样性研究提供参考。     

异常球菌属的分类及应用研究进展

异常球菌属的菌株是一类对引起细胞致死效应的辐射有极强抵抗能力的细菌,这类菌株不形成内生孢子,细胞呈球形或杆状,不具运动性。1956年,Anderson从经过射线灭菌处理后的肉罐头中发现了第一个异常球菌属的菌株（Deinococcus radiodurans）R1,该菌已得到了较为广泛的研究,以期阐明其抗辐射机制。伴随着微生物分类技术的发展,异常球菌属菌株的分类地位经历了很大的变化。目前,该属已涵盖了20个有效发表种。也由于异常球菌属菌株耐受辐射的能力是大肠杆菌忍耐辐射能力的千倍之上,而使其应用研究受到了广泛关注。