若干铁杉属植物核型的比较研究

本文首次报道了我国特产的重点保护植物南方铁杉的核型,全由中部和近中部着丝点染色体构成,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=24=20m+4sm,属“ 2A”类型。染色体的相对长度组成为2n=24=12M_2+10M_1+2S。通过比较。发现东亚的南方铁杉的核型与台湾铁杉甚为相似而略具进化的趋势,但北美东部的卡罗来纳铁杉的核型比它们进化得多。本文支持Florin认为铁杉属至少在早第三纪存在一条从欧亚大陆经过白令海峡到达北美洲的迁移路线的意见。     

四种云杉的核型分析

首次报道了中国珍稀濒危保护植物长叶云杉 ( P. smithiana ( Wall.) Boiss.)和康定云杉 ( P. likian-gensis( Franch.) Pritz.var.montigena( Mast.) Cheng ex Chen)及我国特产的青海云杉 ( P.crassif oliaKom.)和林芝云杉 ( P.likiangensis( Franch.) Pritz.var.linzhiensis Cheng et L.K.Fu)的核型。它们的核型公式都是 K( 2 n) =2 4 =2 2 m+2 sm (林芝云杉有 1条 B染色体 ) ,染色体相对长度组成分别为 2 n=1 4 M2 +8M1 +2 S,2 L+1 2 M2 +6M1 +4S,2 L +1 0 M2 +1 0 M1 +2 S,和 2 L+1 2 M2 +6M1 +4S.均为 2 A (除青海云杉 1 A外 )核型类型。     

江南油杉和台湾油杉核型的比较研究

<正> 江南油杉(Keteleeria cyclolepis Flous)和台湾油杉(Keteleeria formcsana Hayata)均为松科(Pinaceae)油杉属的常绿乔木,我国的特产树种,前者分布于云南、贵州、广西、广东、湖南,江西等省区,后者分布于台湾。油杉属(keteleeria)的细胞学资料已有Sugihara和王伏雄分别报道过铁坚油杉(K.dayidiana Beissn.)和云南油杉(K.     

三种东亚冷杉植物的核型研究

首次报道了急尖长苞冷杉ＡｂｉｅｓｇｅｏｒｇｅｉＯｒｒｖａｒ．ｓｍｉｔｈｉｉ（ＶｉｇｕｉｅｅｔＧａｕｓｓｅｎ）Ｃｈｅｎｇｅｔ．Ｌ．Ｋ．Ｆｕ,臭冷杉Ａ．ｎｅｐｈｒｏｌｅｐｉｓ（Ｔｒａｕｒｖ．）Ｍａｘｉｍ和杉松,Ａ．ｈｏｌｏｐｈｙｌｌａｍａｘｉｍ等３种东亚冷杉植物的核型,它们的核型公式分别是Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝１８ｍ（２ＳＣ）＋６ｓｍ,１８ｍ（６ＳＣ）＋６ｓｍ和１４ｍ（６ＳＣ）＋１０ｓｍ,染色体相对长度组     

七种药用植物的染色体研究

对山东７种药用植物的染色体进行了研究。结果表明：田旋花（ＣｏｎｖｏｌｖｕｌｕｓａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝７８;蜜柑草（ＰｈｙｌａｎｔｈｕｓｍａｔｓｕｍｕｒａｅＨａｖａｔａ）的染色体数目为ｎ＝８８;挂红灯（ＰｈｙｓａｌｉｓａｌｋｅｋｅｎｇｉＬｖａｒｆｒａｎｃｈｅｔｉ（Ｍａｓｔ）Ｍａｋｉｎｏ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２ｍ＋１８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋２ｓｔ（ｓａｔ）,核型“２Ａ”型;无剌曼陀罗（ＤａｔｕｒａｓｔｒａｍｏｎｉｕｍＬｖａｒｉｎｅｒｍｉｓ（Ｊａｃｑ）ＳｃｈｉｎｚｅｔＴｈｅｌ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２４,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝２０ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ｂ”型;决明（ＣａｓｉａｔｏｒａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２６＝２４ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;荔枝草（ＳａｌｖｉａｐｌｅｂｅｉａＲＢｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１６＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;车前（ＰｌａｎｔａｇｏａｓｉａｔｉｃａＬ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３２ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“１Ａ”型。     

山东10种植物的核型分析

对山东１０ 种植物进行了核型分析。茴茴蒜（ Ｒａｎｕｎｃｕｌｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｂｇｅ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝１６ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ １６ ＝ ２ Ｍ ＋ ２ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ ＋ １０ｓｔ, “３Ａ”类型; 五脉地椒（ Ｔｈｙｍｕｓｑｕｉｎｑｕｅｃｏｓｔａｔｕｓ Ｃｅｌａｋ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２６ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２６ ＝ ８ Ｍ ＋ １８ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 蛇床（ Ｃｎｉｄｉｕｍ ｍｏｎｎｉｅｒｉ（Ｌ－） Ｃｕｓｓ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ２０ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ２０ ＝ ２Ｍ＋ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｓｍ , “２Ｂ”类型; 波斯菊（ Ｃｏｓｍｏｓ ｂｉｐｉｎｎａｔｕｓ Ｃａｖ－） 染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ２４ , 核型公式Ｋ（２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ ＝ ２４ ＝ １６ｍ ＋ ２ｍ （ｓａｔ） ＋ ６ｓｍ , “２Ａ”类型; 白车轴草（ Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ ｒｅｐｅｎｓ Ｌ－） 染色体数目２ｎ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ４ｘ ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ａ”类型; 铁苋菜（ Ａｃａｌｙｐｈａ ａｕｓｔｒａｌｉｓ Ｌ－）染色体数目２ｎ ＝ ３２ , 核型公式Ｋ （２ｎ） ＝ ２ｘ＝ ３２ ＝ ３２ｍ , “１Ｂ”类型; 地构叶（ Ｓｐｅｒａｎｓｋｉａ ｔ?     

南方铁杉和长苞铁杉技叶的挥发油成分

南方铁杉〔Ｔｓｕｇａｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ (Ｆｒａｎｃｈ .)Ｐｒｉｔｚ.ｖａｒ.ｔｃｈｅｋｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ (Ｆｌｏｕｓ)ＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＬ .Ｋ .Ｆｕ〕和长苞铁杉 (ＴｓｕｇａｌｏｎｇｉｂｒａｃｔｅａｔａＣｈｅｎｇ)均为我国特有种 ,国家重点保护植物[1 ,2 ] ,主要分布于长江以南各省区。二者不仅是高级材用树种 ,而且是很好的造林及观赏植物 ,并有一定的药用价值。作者在野外调查中发现 ,民间用铁杉的枝叶治疗关节炎和胃病 ,为进一步探讨其药用成分和价值 ,对南方铁杉和长苞铁杉的叶及幼枝的挥发油成分进行了分析。1　材料和方法1.1　…     

山东四种草本植物的核型研究

本文对山东４种草本植物进行了染色体研究。结果表明：阿尔泰狗哇花（Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｐａｐｐｕｓａｌ ｔａｉｃｕｓ（Ｗｉｌｄ）Ｎａｖｏｐｏｋｒ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３６,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３６＝３６ｍ,核型“１Ａ”型;求米草（Ｏｐｌｉｓｍｅｎｕｓｕｎｄｕｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉｕｓ（Ａｒｄｕｉｎｏ）ＲｏｅｍｅｔＳｃｈｕｌｔ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１２,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝１２＝８ｍ＋４ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型;红秋葵（Ｈｉｂｉｓｃｕｓｃｏｃｉｎｅｕｓ（Ｍｅｄｉｃ）Ｗａｌｔ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝３８,核型公式为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝３８＝１４ｍ＋２２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,核型“２Ｂ”型;蟋蟀草（Ｅｌｅｕｓｉｎｅｉｎｄｉｃａ（Ｌ）Ｇａｅｒｔｎ）的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１８,核型公式为ｋ（２ｎ）＝１８＝１６ｍ＋２ｓｍ,核型“２Ａ”型。     

一种云南红豆杉内生真菌的分离

本文首次报道从云南红豆杉(Taxus yunnanensis)树皮中分离出一种内生真菌,并用薄层层析技术对该真菌培养物进行了分析,初步结果表明该真菌能合成抗癌药物紫杉醇。     

Studies on the Origin of the Traditional Chinese Drug Fuxiong and Its Relationships with Ligusticum chuanxiong and L. sinense

The vegetative characters of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. cv. Fuxiong are described in comparison with L. chuanxiong Hort. and L. sinense Oliv. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of the three taxa were studied in root tip cells by Feulgen’s squash method. Their karyotypes are determined as follows: L. chuanxiong, K(2n)=22=16 m+ 4sm+2st (sat); L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, K(2n)=33=24 m+6sm+3st (sat); L. sinense, K(2n)=22=12 m+6sm+2sm (sat)+2st (sat). The karyotypic similarities are found between L. chuanxiong and its cultivariety, butthe former is a diploid while the latter probably is a homologous triploid.     

湖北贝母的染色体核型分析

本文报道了我国特有植物湖北贝母(Fritillaria hupehensis Hsiao et K.C.Hsia,百合科)的体细胞染色体数目和核型(2n=24=2m+2sin+4st+14t+2st~(sat).)     

Karyotype Analyses in Cupressus gigantea

The chromsomal number and karyotype of Cupressus gigantea Cheng et L. K. Fu is reported for the first time. The number of somatic chromosome in root tip cell of the species was found to be 2n=22. According to the terminology defined by Levan et al, the karyotype is 2n=22= 4m(SC)+16m+2sm, belonging to Stebbin's "A" type of karyotypic symmetry which is generally considered as primitive one. By comparing karyotypes of Cupressus gigantean with other four species of Cupressaceae, the author discovered that Cupressus gigantea is a primitive species in Cupressaceae.     

3种北美冷杉的核型研究

本文首次报道３种北美冷杉Ａｂｉｅｓ ａｍａｂｉｌｉｓ、Ａ．ｇｒａｎｄｉｓ和Ａ．ｌａｓｉｏｃａｒｐａ的根尖体细胞核型、染色体参数及核型模式图。核型公式分别是Ｋ（２ｎ）＝２４＝１６ｍ（４ＳＣ）＋８ｓｍ、１４ｍ（２ＳＣ）＋１０ｓｍ和１８ｍ（４ＳＣ）＋６ｓｍ,染色体相对长度组成为２ｎ＝２４＝２Ｌ＋１２Ｍ２＋６Ｍ１＋４Ｓ、２Ｌ＋１２Ｍ２＋８Ｍ１＋２Ｓ和２Ｌ＋８Ｍ２＋１２Ｍ１＋２Ｓ。均为２Ａ核型类型。文中还讨     

长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型分析

<正> 长毛红山茶(Camelliav uillosa Chang et S.Y.Liang)和长尾红山茶(C.longicaudata Chang et S.Y.Liang)均为张宏达教授定的新种,分别隶属于山茶属(Camellia)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia)的滇山茶亚组(Subsect.Reficulala)和光果红山茶亚组(Subsect.Lucidissima),前者分布在我国的湖南、广西和贵州,后者分布在广东和广西。 红山茶组共有33个种、1个亚种,7个变种。根据文献资料统计,该组作过染色体计数的有10个种,1个亚种和6个变种,作过核型分析的有4个种、1个亚种和2个变种。本文对该组的长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型作首次报道,并与该组的10个种,1个亚种和6个变种的染色体数目或核型作了比较。     

Karyotype Analysis of Eight Species of Polygonatum Mill.

Meiosis and mitosis of eight species of Polygonatum from Sichuan, China, were investigated. Ten bivalents (n=10) at meiosis of pollen mother cells were observed ih P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce. Meiotic observation on pollen mother cells in P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth shows 16 bivalents (n=16) at diakinesis, P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. 13 bivalents (n=13) at diakinesis. P. zanlanscianense Pamp. 15 bivalents (n=15) in MI, P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle 28 bivalents at diakinesis. Somatic chromosomes were observed in root tip cells. The karyotype formulae are as follows: P. odoratum (Mill.) Druce K(2n)=20=4st+6sm+10m; P. cyrtonema Hua K(2n)=20=6sm+14m; P. punctatum Royle ex Kunth K(2n)=32=2t+8st+ 2sm+20m; P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. K(2n)=26=8st(2SAT)+14sm+4m; P. alternicirrhosum Hand.-Mzt. K(2n)=32=6st+8sm+18m(2SAT); P. zanlanscianense Pamp. K(2n)=30= 2t+6st+6sm+16m(2SAT); P. sibiricum Delar. ex Redouté K(2n)=24=2t+14st(2SAT)+6sm +2m; P. cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle K(2n)=56=18st+10sm+28m. The karyotypes of P. punctatum, P. kingianum, P. alternicirrhosum and P. cirrhifolium are reported for the first time. Both the chromosome number and structure in our materials are certainly different from thoses in previous reports. Of numerical variation polyploidy and aneuploidy have been recorded, and aneuploidy is frequent. According to degree of asymmetry of the karyotype, the 8 species are divided into three types: 2B, 3B, 2C. The increasing asymmetry is correlated with the increasing of the chromosome number. There are no obvious differences in chromosome number and karyotype between Alternifolia Baker and Verticillate Baker. They are not two natural groups. This opinion is different from that of Therman and Suomalainen.     

The Studies on the Karyotypes and Cytogeography of Taxodium Rich.(Taxodiaceae)

The present paper deals with the karyotypic analysis of Taxodium ascendens Brongn. The somatic chromosomes in root-tip cells of the plant are found to be 2n =22, all with median and submedian constrictions. A character of the karyotype is that the chromosome 10 has a long kinetochore region (Plate 1:1). According to the terminology defined by Levan et al.^[18], the karyotype formula is k(2n)=22=20m+2sm, which is different to Huang et Hsu’s^[8] K(2n)=24=22m+2B(m). The karyotype belongs to “lA” of Stebbins’^[24] karyotypic symmetry and is generally regarded as a relatively primitive one. The species’ chromosome complement is 2n=22=2L+8M₂+12M₁ according to I.R.L.difined by Kuo et al.^[15] based on relative length. The lengths, arm ratios and types of chromosomes of the species are given in Table 1-I. The morphology of the chromosomes and the karyotype, are given in Plate 1:1. In the light of the works of Schlarbaum et al.^[21] and Mehra et al.^[17], K(2n)=22=20m (2SAT)+2sm and 2n=22=2L+6M₂+14M₁ are for T. distichum (L.) Rich. (see Table 1-II), K(2n)=20m+2sm and 2n=22=4L+4M₂+12M₁+2S for T. mucronatum Tenore (see Table 1-III, Plate 1:2), which belong to “lA” and “2A” respectively. The differences between three species in the ratio of the longest to the shortest chromosome, I.R.L. and the proportion of chromosomes with arm ratio >2 show that the karyotype of T. mucronatum is the most advanced and that of T. distichum the most primitive. The present author suggests that the sequence of evolutionary advance be T. distichum, T. ascendens, T. mucronatum. Based on the evidence from the karyotype analyses, ecology and geographical distribution (including fossil), the secondary center of genetic diversity (Fig. 1) and the probable evolu-tionary pattern (Fig. 2) of Taxodium are discussed.     

三裂叶豚草和普通豚草的染色体核型研究

本文对产自中国东北地区和南昌市的三裂叶豚草和普通豚草进行了染色体观察与核型分析,两种豚草的染色体数目分别为２ｎ＝２４和２ｎ＝３６,与前人的报导一致,染色体核型未见到报导。     

辽宁地区产6种乌头(Aconitum)的细胞分类学研究

对我国辽宁地区毛莨科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum) 6个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为X=8,核型公式为:两色乌头:2n=2x=2m+10sm+4st;蛇岛乌头为:2n=4x=10m+20sm(SAT)+2st+2B;黄花乌头为:2n=4x=4m+12sm(SAT)+8st+1B;北乌头三倍体为:2n=3x=2M+4m+18sm;北乌头4倍体为2n=4x=4m+28sm。同时,对乌头属下某些种的分类学问题进行了探讨。     

Karyotypical Study of Chinese Species of the Genus Glycyrrhiza

Seven species of Glycyrrhiza in China are karyologically analyzed in this paper. The results are as follows: G. uralensis Fisch. 2n=16=6m+10sm; G. eurycarpa P.C. Li 2n=16=8m+6sm+2st; G. glabra L. 2n=16=14m+2sm; G. inflata Bat. 2n=16=6m+10 sm; G. aspera Pall. 2n=16=12m+4sm; G. yunnanensis Cheng f. et L. K. Tai ex P. C. Li 2n =16=12m+4sm; G. pallidiflora Maxim. 2n=16=12m+4sm. From this work and the previous reports, it is presumed that the basic chromosome number of Glycyrrhiza is x=8. Based on the characters of karyotype so far realed, the authors consider that the genus Glycyrrhiza is a relatively primitive group in Leguminosae and G. pallidiflora is the most primitive one among the species dealt with in this paper, and G. eurycar-pa is the most advanced one.     

Studies on the Origin of the Traditional Chinese Drug “Jinxiong”

A comparison of morphology, karyotype and the chemical compounds among “Jinxiong”, Ligasticum chuanxiong Hort. and L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong shows that “Jin-xiong”, like L. chuanxiong cv. Fuxiong, is a triploid and its karyotype is similar to that of L. chuanxiong with the formula K(2n)=33=24m+6sm+3st(SAT). Thin-layer chromatography of essential oils extracted from stem tubers confirms that the three taxa are extremely alike in chemical compounds. Using the features of leaves and the forms of stem tubers, they can be easily distinguished. A new triploid cultivar of L. chuanxiong Hort. i.e.L. chuan-xiong cv. Jinxiong is described for “Jinxiong” in the present paper.