棉铃虫核多角体病毒DNA的限制性内切酶酶解图谱和电镜观察

棉铃虫核多角体病毒(NPV)加入0.01 Mna₂CO₃—0.05 MNaCl溶解后,用水饱和苯酚-SDS提取NPV DNA。电镜观察证明NPV DNA为非均一性环状结构分子。测量了28个分子的长度,其中15个分子长度为27±5μm,相当分子量为(73±13)×10⁶道尔顿,其余的是较大和较小的分子。限制性内切酶XbaⅠ,XhoⅠ BamHⅠ,EcoRⅠ,BgⅠ Ⅱ分别把NPV DNA酶解为20,9,10,18和11个限制性片段。由片段总和法计算得平均分子量是73.3×10⁶道尔顿。     

黄地老虎核型多角体病毒的一些特性

黄地老虎核型多角体病毒(Agrotis segetum Nulear Polyhedrosis Virus简称AsNPV)的国内分离株(AsNPV^C),多角体呈六边形,大小1.7—2.6μm,为多粒包埋类型.每个病毒束内有2—7个核衣壳,大小约52nm×308nm.感染烟青虫(Heliothis assttlta)后分离到的多角体(As-HaNPV)其形状不规则,大小0.7—2.6μm,亦为多粒包埋类型.核衣壳2—6个不等,大小约40nm×300nm.EcoR1和HindⅢ限制性内切酶电泳图谱分析表明,AsNPV^CDNA和As-HaNPV DNA的EcoRI、HindIII酶切图谱一致,两者与HaNPV DNA的EcoRI,HindⅢ酶切图谱存在明显差异,AsNPV^C DNA的EcoRI酶切图谱共有15个片段,分子量在12.74×10⁶—1.18×10⁶道尔顿之间,总分子量约88.6×10⁶道尔顿,相当于134.25kbp.HaNPV DNA的EcoRI酶切图谱共有19个片段,分子量在13.89×10⁶—1.10×10⁶道尔顿之间,总分子量约93.86×10⁶道尔顿,相当于142.25kbp.AsNPV对黄地老虎2龄和4龄幼虫以及对烟青虫4龄幼虫的LD_{50分别为:1.4×10⁵pIB、7.4×10⁴PIB和2.61×10⁴PIB.}     

大尺蠖核型多角体病毒的研究

1977年从湖南省网岭茶园内罹病大尺蠼幼虫中分离获得大尺蠖核型多角体病毒。多角体近圆形、菱形、三角形或六方形,大小约1.2—3.6微米。电镜下观察病毒粒子为杆状(49—63毫微米×251—282毫微米)。属杆状病毒科(Baculoviridae)杆状病毒属(Baculovirus)A亚组(Subgroup A)。 对4—5龄大尺蠖室内口服的致死中浓度(LC₄₀):4天为10^-4.497(787个多角体),9天为10^-5.0(243个多角体),11天为10^-6.321(7个多角体)。不同感染方法感染3—4龄幼虫7其致病力不同。大田防治杀虫效果达98%,并有后效作用。     

柏毛虫核型多角体病毒的分离及应用后效观察

从柏毛虫（ＤｅｎｄｒｏｌｉｍｕｓｓｕｆｆｕｓｃｕｓＬａｊｏｎｑｕｉｅｒｅ）幼虫尸中分离到一株核型多角体病毒,其多角体平面图像为三、四边形和近圆形,直径１．２－２．５μｍ,病毒粒子杆状,大小约７５×５２０ｎｍ。室内试验表明此株病毒对三龄寄主幼虫的ＬＣ_５０为５１８８个多角体／ｍｌ。野外防治效果可达８０％以上,好于化学农药甲基１６０５和辛硫磷等,并有持久的后效作用。该病毒对经济昆虫家蚕、柞蚕和天敌昆虫七星瓢虫无致病作用。     

油桐尺蠖核多角体病毒的基因型变异

本文用AvaⅡ、BamHⅠ、EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ四种限制性内切酶对油桐尺蠖核多角体病毒(Buzvra suppressaria Nuclear PolyhedrosisVirus)DNA作酶解图谱分析,比较了湖北、湖南、四川三个分离株的基因组。三者图谱基本相似,但少数片段略有不同。亚克分子片段的存在表明野生的油桐尺蠖核多角体病毒有基因型变异,包含着数个基因型变种。     

用单克隆抗体结合酶联免疫吸附试验检测云杉卷叶蛾幼虫体内的核多角体病毒

在ELISA间接法中,应用单克隆抗体检测感染云杉卷叶蛾核型多角体病毒(Choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus,CfNPV)的云杉卷叶蛾幼虫体内多角体蛋白和病毒粒子。三龄幼虫喂饲表层涂有CfNPV的人工饲料(2×10~5PIB/cm~2)后6小时,即可在幼虫抽提液中检出多角体蛋白抗原(每条幼虫含0.14μg)和病毒粒子抗原(每条幼虫含0.32μg),随后此两种抗原量逐渐增加,直至第5天。而用染色涂片镜检法,则在添食病毒后3天才可观察到有少量多角体,病虫的病症需5～6天后才出现。因此,本法是一种快速、特异和敏感的检测杆状病毒的方法,其敏感度为1ml含10ng提纯的病毒粒子或多角体蛋白都能被检测出来。     

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION OF URINARY MUCOPROTEIN AND ITS INTERACTION WITH INFLUENZA VIRUS

A hemagglutination-inhibitory mucoprotein from human urine has been studied with the electron microscope. It consists of filaments, with diameters of 40 to > 240 A, composed of smaller fibrils. In the two-dimensional projection of the electron micrographs, the single fibrils often show a zig-zag course with a periodicity of 100 to 140 A; the single branch of a zig-zag measures about 60 A in length and either 20 or 40 A in width. Still thinner fibrillar elements are observable with diameters of 10 A or less. In three-dimensional aspect, the zig-zag structure might be a helix. The fibril-bundle (or filament) reveals a complicated configuration. Heat treatment at 70°C shows some indication of denaturation (e.g. filaments are shorter), whereas at 80°C almost complete degradation of the protein into individual zig-zag elements or smaller pieces is attained. The interaction between influenza virus particles and inhibitory mucoprotein consists of the attachment of a fiber molecule to the virus projections at several sites and frequently on more than one virus particle.     

七株昆虫核型多角体病毒基因组同源性的测定

应用限制性内切酶图谱分析法,结合Southern印迹法和核酸杂交技术,对茶毛虫、棉蛉虫,油桐尺蠖、斜纹夜蛾以及蓖麻蚕等5种昆虫的7株核型多角体病毒DNA,进行了基因组同源性测定。结果表明,不同种昆虫多角体病毒DNA的酶切图谱不相同,DNA片段与不同源的DNA标记探针之间无杂交带出现。而同种昆虫病毒的不同分离株间,除少数DNA片段的电泳迁移率稍有不同,以及出现一些互不相同的亚克分子带之外,它们的DNA酶切图谱基本一致,並且几乎所有片段都可与同种的标记探钟杂交。对一些DNA片段迁移率的改变及亚克分子带出现的原因进行了讨论。     

油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒（羊楼洞株）基因组特性

用多种限制性内切酶单酶切、双酶切分析了油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒（羊楼洞株）基因组DNA,同时用[α－32p）－dATP对几种酶的酶切产物进行末端标记。结果表明,此株病毒基因组约129kb,组成比较单一。与国内其它分离株基因组大小及酶切电泳图谱均有较大差别。     

杨尺蠖核型多角体病毒的DNA特性

本文报道了AciNPV-DNA的纯化及特性,证明纯化DNA具有典型紫外吸收光谱,在Sepharose 2B柱层析和超离心沉降分析中呈单一峰,Tm值为70.2℃,其(G+C)％=39.8％,增色效应为34％,限制性内切酶Pst Ⅰ,PvuⅡ,SaI Ⅰ,Eco R Ⅰ,BgI Ⅰ,XhoⅠ,Bgl Ⅱ酶切DNA,分别产生4,6,22,20,11,5,7个DNA片段,某些酶切电泳图谱中观察到亚分子片段,Bgl Ⅱ和EcoR Ⅰ双醇切DNA分子产生26个片段,Eco R Ⅰ酶切片段积加DNA分子量为56.55×10~6道尔顿,约85.70千碱基对,电镜观察DNA分子有线状和环状,环状分子长约27.38μ,分子量约为53.94×10~(?)道尔顿,以Eco R Ⅰ对1981～1985年林间连续复制回收的AciNPV的DNA同源性进行检测,结果无变化,AciNPV攻毒枣尺蠖幼虫所得枣尺蠖NPV,其DNA的Bgl Ⅱ图谱与AciNPV-DNA的Bgl Ⅰ酶谱有明显的差异。     

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE SITES OF NUCLEAR RNA SYNTHESIS DURING AMPHIBIAN EMBRYOGENESIS

The site of H³-uridine incorporation and the fate of labeled RNA during early embryo-genesis of the newt Triturus pyrrhogaster were studied with electron microscopic autoradiography. Isolated ectodermal and mesodermal tissues from the embryos were treated in H³-uridine for 3 hours and cultured in cold solution for various periods before fixation with OsO₄ and embedding in Epon. At the blastula stage, the only structural component of the nucleus seen in electron micrographs is a mass of chromatin fibrils. At the early gastrula stage, the primary nucleoli originate as small dense fibrous bodies within the chromatin material. These dense fibrous nucleoli enlarge during successive developmental stages by the acquisition of granular components 150 A in diameter, which form a layer around them. Simultaneously larger granules (300 to 500 A) appear in the chromatin, and they fill the interchromatin spaces by the tail bud stage. Autoradiographic examination has demonstrated that nuclear RNA synthesis takes place in both the nucleolus and the chromatin, with the former consistently showing more label per unit area than the latter. When changes in the distribution pattern of radioactivity were studied 3 to 24 hours after immersion in isotope at each developmental stage, the following results were obtained. Labeled RNA is first localized in the fibrous region of the nucleolus and in the peripheral region of chromatin material. After longer culture in non-radioactive medium, labeled materials also appear in the granular region of the nucleolus and in the interchromatin areas. Further incubation gives labeling in cytoplasm.