The seedling characters of Chinese Calycanthaceae with a new species of Chimonanthus Lindl.

This paper deals with morphological characters in seedlings and adult plants of 5 species of Chinese Calycanthaceae. The germination of seeds, morphology of cotyledons, hypocotyl and primary leaves of these species are enumerated, for example, the Chimonanthus campanulatus, sp. nov. is characterized by half-hypogaeous and tetragonal cotyledons, whereas other species epigaeous; the cotyledons of Calycanthus chinensis is obtriangular, Chimonanthus praecox, Ch. salicifolius and Ch. nitens are reniform. On the morphological characters of these adult plants and geographical distribution of 4 species of Chimonanthus are keyed. In addition a new species, Chimonanthus campanulatus, is described and it represents a more primitive type of the genus.     

Molecular phylogeny and intra- and intercontinental biogeography of Calycanthaceae

Based on nuclear and chloroplast sequences we resolve species relationships in Calycanthaceae and develop a biogeographic hypothesis that explains their intercontinental disjunctions and intra-continental diversification in eastern Asia. Fossil-calibrated penalized likelihood and Bayesian divergence time estimates indicate that the Northern Hemisphere Calycanthus and Chimonanthus diverged from each other in the mid-Miocene, while the Australian Idiospermum had already diverged by the Upper Cretaceous and likely represents a remnant of a former Gondwanan distribution of Calycanthaceae that included South America, as indicated by the occurrence of Cretaceous Calycanthaceae fossils in Brazil. Relationships within Calycanthus were difficult to resolve, but a shared 155-bp deletion in the trnL-F intergenic spacer unites the two North American species, which were also sisters in a cpDNA restriction site study. Their ancestor apparently crossed the Bering land bridge in the Miocene. The six species of Chimonanthus, by contrast, diverged from each other as recently as 1-2my ago, and a DIVA analysis with four areas of endemism recognized within China suggests three vicariance and two dispersal events within Chimonanthus, with initial vicariance having occurred between eastern and southwestern or central China. Further divergence then appears to have involved eastern and south-central China, and southwestern and central China.     

蜡梅科植物的分支分析

蜡梅科是一个仅有４属,１０种的小科,将蜡梅科的生物信息数字化,利用徐克学的和谐性分析程序,剔除了不合理的性状安排,判别关系含糊的性状极性,利用最大同步法,最小平行演化法及最大离散量分支分类法,对由性状再分析后获得的数值矩阵进行运算,推导分支图,明确各属之间的发生、发展和演化的关系。结果表明：椅子树亚科（Ｉｄｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｏｉｄｅａｅ）的椅子树属（Ｉｄｉｏｓｐｅｒｍｕｍ Ｂｌａｋｅ）在整个蜡梅科（Ｃ     

Chromosome Observations of Eight Species Endemic to China

A report of chromosome numbers for eight species endemic to China is made in the paper, including first counts for 4 genera and 4 species and first karyotypic analyses of two species. Sinojohnstonia chekiangensis (Migo) W. T. Wang (Boraginaceae) 2n=24*; Coptis chinenis Franch (Ranunculaceae) 2n=18**; Dichocarpum dalzielii (Drumm. et Hutch.) W. T. Wang et Hsiao (Ranunculaceae) 2n=24*; Eomecon chionantha Hance (Papaveraceae) 2n=18; Camptotheca acuminata Dcne. (Nyssaceae) 2n=44; Calycanthus chinensis Cheng et S. Y. Chang (Calycanthaceae) 2n=22**; Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiaceae) n=17; Pinellia pedatisecta Schott (Araceae) 2n=26; The previous reports of chromosome numbers of the same groups are compared with our own (See Table 1). The vouchers for the present study are preserved in the Herbarium of Futan University.     

夏蜡梅核型的研究

本文首次报道我国特有重点保护植物夏蜡梅的核型为K(2n)=2x=22=18m+2m(SAT)+2sm,属Stebbins的“1A”类型,在演化上处于相当原始的地位。它的核型似比北美的光叶红对称和原始,因此至少夏蜡梅属可能起源于中国。     

中国蜡梅上的瘿螨二新种(蜱螨亚纲,瘿螨总科)

记述寄生在蜡梅Chimonanthus praecox(Linn.)Link.(蜡梅科Calycanthaceae)叶子上的瘿螨2新种:蜡梅离子瘿螨Leipothrix chimonae sp.nov.和蜡梅双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus praecoxsp.nov.。模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。蜡梅离子瘿螨,新种Leipothrix chimonae sp.nov.(图1～5)正模♀,副模:25♀♀,2♂♂,2009-06-01,陕西省岚皋县蜡烛村,海拔600m,谢满超采。寄主为蜡梅Chimonanthuspraecox(Linn.)Link.(蜡梅科Calycanthaceae)。新种与悬钩子离子瘿螨Leipothrix yipingae Shi,2000相似,但新种背盾板具背中线,雌生殖盖片基部具纵线,端部饰有斜线,羽状爪3支,而悬钩子离子瘿螨L.yipingae背盾板上无背中线,雌生殖盖片饰有短线和粒点,羽状爪4支。蜡梅双羽爪瘿螨,新种Diptacus praecox sp.nov.(图6～12)正模♀,副模:8♀♀,7♂♂,2009-06-01,陕西省岚皋县蜡烛村,海拔600m,谢满超采。寄主为蜡梅Chimonanthuspraecox(Linn.)Link.(蜡梅科Calycanthaceae)。新种与臭樱双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus maddenis Song,Xue etHong,2007相似,但新种足Ⅰ基节间具胸线,基节饰有线条和粒点,雌生殖器盖片上饰有1排纵肋,而臭樱双羽爪瘿螨D.maddenis足Ⅰ基节间无胸线,基节饰有粒点,雌生殖器盖片基部饰有粒点。     

夏蜡梅属的细胞地理学研究

本文首次报道西美蜡梅(Calycanthus occidentalis)的核型为K(2n)=22=20m(2SAT)+2sm,与美国蜡梅的变种光叶红(C.floridus var.oblongifolius)同属“2A”类型但较为原始,它们都比“1A”的夏蜡梅(C.chinensis)进化,三者由原始到进步的顺序可能为夏蜡梅—→西美蜡梅—→美国蜡梅(光叶红)。夏蜡梅属可能以较原始的夏蜡梅起源于东亚(中国),再东向迁移到北美洲(美国)形成西美蜡梅和美国蜡梅(光叶红)。     

蜡梅科7树种的叶精油成分及其分类意义

本文用气相色谱法分析蜡梅科7种的叶精油成分和含量,结果检测出9种成分。不同的种类所含成分和含量都有差异。从整体来看,夏蜡梅属Calycanthus Linn,种类所含结构比较复杂成分的比例高于比较简单的成分,而蜡梅属Chimonanthus Lindl．种类的情况恰恰相反。这可能说明夏蜡梅属的系统发生比蜡梅属更古老。     

湘西北腊梅群落优势树种的生理生态学特性研究

对湘西北腊梅群落中 4个优势树种的光合、呼吸、蒸腾以及矿质营养等基本生理生态学指标进行了测试分析。结果表明 ,腊梅和香叶树的光—光合特性较为优良 ,它们对光合有效辐射的适应幅度更宽 ,净光合速率较高。香叶树的暗呼吸强度最低而水分利用效率最高 ,腊梅则对土壤矿质营养的选择性主动吸收能力最强。利川润楠和八角枫的生理生态学特性较之于腊梅和香叶树 ,显示出一定的劣势。     

广东省野生植物一新记录科——蜡梅科

报道了广东省野生植物一新记录科--蜡梅科(Calycanthaceae)、一新记录属--蜡梅属(Chimonanthus)及一新记录种--山蜡梅(Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.).标本存放于华南农业大学林学院树木标本室(CANT).     

蜡梅科植物的叶表皮特征及其在分类上的意义

用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察了蜡梅科3属5种植物成熟叶片远轴面的表皮特征,认为这些表皮细胞特征和气孔器特征在分类上有比较重要的意义。蜡梅属、夏蜡梅属和美国蜡梅属植物的叶表皮毛均为单细胞毛、非腺毛,上、下表皮细胞均为多边形,垂周壁呈深波状,气孔器均为平列型．这三个属的亲缘关系密切,应该归属于同一个大类群－蜡梅科。这为蜡梅属、夏蜡梅属、美国蜡梅属的分类提供了有用的性状特征。这三个属气孔器的演化趋势为：气孔器在保卫细胞的两极无"T"型加厚到有"T"型加厚,气孔器由单层外拱盖到双层外拱盖．     

New Material of Carex Subgenus Vignea from China

In addition, two new sections, Echinochlomorphae Y. L. Chang and Thomsonianae Y. L. Chang, two new combinations, C. duriuscula subsp. rigescens (Franch.) S. Y. Liang et Y. C. Tang (=C. stenophylla var. rigescens Franch.) and C. rochebrunii Franch. Subsp. reptans (Franch.) S. Y. Liang et Y. C. Tang (=C. remotae L. var. reptans Franch.) are made, and C. stenophylloides V. Krecz. is reduced to C. duriuscula subsp. stenophylloides (V. Krecz.) S. Y. Liang et Y. C.Tang.     

基于MAXENT模型和Arc GIS预测蜡梅适生域在中国的潜在分布

蜡梅(Chimonanthus praecox)是我国二级濒危珍稀植物,是重要的冬季传统观花植物。利用已报道的246个分布点和worldclim中提取的19个气候因子,基于最大熵(Maxent)模型和地理信息系统(Arc Gis)对蜡梅在中国的潜在适生区分布进行预测分析,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对预测结果进行检验和评价。结果表明蜡梅的潜在适生范围相对集中,主要集中在西南的四川盆地、华中、华东及华北的中南部地区,其他地区则适应性较低。温度是影响蜡梅分布的决定性因子,其中,当最冷季度平均温度接近0℃,等温性范围为0—10℃,降雨量变异系数约为45时,蜡梅的分布概率最大。与原分布区相比较,蜡梅的适生区范围正向中国东部地区和北部地区迁移。ROC曲线检验评价结果表明,Maxent模型的ROC曲线分析法的面积(AUC)值为0.986,预测结果达到了极高精度。     

福建被子植物分布新记录Ⅰ

在福建省药用植物资源调查中,陆续发现了福建省被子植物地理新分布记录属及种多个,经整理鉴定,本文报道新分布记录属：八宝属（Hylotelephium）、假奓包叶属（Discocleidion）;新分布记录种：浙江蜡梅（Chimonanthus zhejiangensis）、柳叶蜡梅（Chimonanthus salicifolius）、紫花八宝（Hylotelephium mingjinianum）、冷饭藤（Kadsura oblongifolia）、假奓包叶（Discocleidion rufescens）。凭证标本暂存于福建中医药大学药用植物标本室。     

安徽植物补遗（一）

报道《安徽植物志》未记载的１８种地理分布新记录植物,分隶于１５科,１８属,全部标本均存于安徽师范大学生物系植物标本室。     

中华双腔吸虫精子的超微结构

利用透射电镜技术,研究了中华双腔吸虫的精子结构,探讨了它与其他复殖吸虫间的异同。结果表明：本种的成熟精子为细线状,共分为头部,中部和尾部具两根并生的,结构为９＋１的轴丝。细胞核的致密程度有区域上的变化,细胞质较多,电子密度高,具一个线粒体,在单轴丝区域未观察到异常二联管及外周微管。     

川鄂山茱萸染色体研究

本文对川鄂山茱萸染色体的数目和核型进行了研究,结果为染色体数目2n=18,与山茱萸相同;核型为K(2n)=18=12 m+6 sm。与山茱萸的核型进行比较,认为川鄂山茱萸核型比山茱萸的进化,同时山茱萸属染色体数目与其他相近的几个属进行比较,认为川鄂山茱萸与山茱萸应为同一独立的属,即山茱萸属。     

An extinct calycanthoid taxon, Jerseyanthus calycanthoides , from the Late Cretaceous of New Jersey

A new fossil genus and species, Jerseyanthus calycanthoides, is described from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian, ～90 MYBP) Raritan Formation of New Jersey. Flowers have cupulate receptacles bearing imbricately arranged tepals that subtend a series of recurved tepals near the cup margin. Recurved tepal subtends a "stamen-staminode" pair, that includes a laminar stamen with ramified connective extensions, and an outer staminode. Outer staminodes are geniculate and incurved, and in aggregate their inner extremities define a circular area above the carpels and carpellodes. Each "stamen-staminode" pair apparently subtends (is opposite to) an inner tepal. Pollen is rounded and disulculate, with tectate columellate wall structure. Carpels are located at the center of the receptacle and have elongate styles that extend to and beyond the opening defined by the staminodal organs. Carpels are surrounded by tomentose carpellodes. Carpels include one marginally ridged seed. While these fossils do not match exactly any living species in morphology, they share numerous characters with extant members of Calycanthaceae and can be unequivocally placed within that family. Affinities of Jerseyanthus and Virginianthus were evaluated by including them in a combined analysis for the Laurales. Jerseyanthus is placed within Calycanthaceae as a sister taxon to the modern genus Calycanthus.     

山稻蝗不同地域种群染色体C带核型研究

对我国分布的山稻蝗OxyaagavisaTsai不同种群进行了染色体C带核型研究 ,并对山稻蝗武夷山种群染色体C带核型进行了深入探讨 ,分析了其带型特殊性及该种群与其它山稻蝗种群染色体C带核型的区别与联系。同时通过对山稻蝗与中华稻蝗Oxyachinensis (Thunberg)、日本稻蝗Oxyajaponica (Thunberg)的形态、分布及染色体C带核型等方面的比较 ,探讨了该 3个种之间的进化关系 ,认为作为稻蝗属中的大型种类 ,上述 3个种之间有着较近的亲缘关系。染色体带型的实验结果表明 ,中华稻蝗为较原始的种类 ,而日本稻蝗和山稻蝗则可能是由原始中华稻蝗进化而来 ,其中日本稻蝗L2染色体的形成是由于原始中华稻蝗该染色体常染色质部分异染色质化的结果 ,山稻蝗L2染色体则可能是由于原始中华稻蝗该染色体近端部的臂间倒位所致。通过对武夷山山稻蝗的研究 ,对日本稻蝗和山稻蝗之间的近缘关系进行了分析和讨论。