Reidentification of facultatively alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4 as Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4

With a view toward verifying the original classification of alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4, physiological and biochemical characteristics were more extensively catalogued than in original studies, and this catalog was supplemented with 16S rDNA sequence homology and more extensive DNA–DNA hybridization analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of this alkaliphile based on the comparison of multiple 16S rDNA sequences from Bacillus species indicated that this strain is most closely related to Bacillus pseudofirmus. Consistently, in the DNA–DNA hybridization analysis of the alkaliphile and Bacillus reference strains, the highest level of DNA–DNA relatedness (96%) was found between the alkaliphile and the B. pseudofirmus type strain (DSM 8715^T). The findings support the conclusion that this alkaliphile strain is more closely related to B. pseudofirmus than to B. firmus, and we propose the future use of the designation B. pseudofirmus OF4. Received: April 20, 1999 / Accepted: August 31, 1999     

四种水蛭抗凝血酶作用的研究

本文研究了水蛭的抗凝血酶作用,并比较了4种提取方法对抗凝作用的影响。冷浸和温浸,抗凝活性强度为菲牛蛭>日本医蛭》两种宽体金线蛭。煎煮后,前两种的活性锐碱,而两种宽体金线蛭的活性几乎不变。     

4D和4R对小麦三种同工酶合成的影响

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对小麦品种天选15号、天选15号—4D缺体,黑麦品种德国白粒及利用“缺体回交法”培育的小麦(4D)一黑麦(4R)异代换系幼苗的过氧化物酶同工酶、细胞色素氧化酶同工酶及酯酶同工酶进行了研究,结果表明4D染色体对小麦的一种过氧化物酶同工酶和一种细胞色素氧化酶同工酶量的合成具有控制作用,在小麦4D缺体的遗传背景下,黑麦4R染色体能够补偿由于4D缺失引起的这两种同工酶合成降低的效应。4D对小麦幼苗期酯酶同工酶的合成没有明显的作用,4R在小麦4D缺体遗传背景下对酯酶同工酶的合成也没有明显的影响     

CXCR4的抑制性多肽对乳腺癌细胞CXCR4和HER-2表达及HERCEPTIN药物敏感性的影响

目的 探讨CXCR4抑制性多肽对人乳腺癌细胞株SKBR3膜受体HER-2和CXCR4的蛋白表达及其对Herceptin药物敏感性的影响.方法 抑制性多肽、Herceptin单独或联合处理乳腺癌SKBR3细胞24、48h后,用MTT法观测SKBR3细胞的增殖抑制效应;Weatern blot和免疫纽化法检测SKBR3细胞中CXCR4和HER-2蛋白表达;RT-PCR检测HER-2、CXCR4 mRNA的表达,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的变化.结果 多肽和Herceptin可不同程度地下调人乳腺癌细胞SKBR3中CXCR4和HER-2的蛋白表达.多肽对细胞生长抑制不明显,与Herceptin联合用药后,生长抑制率高于对照组和Herceptin单独用药组(P<0.001),48h生长抑制率为57.94%±5.3,且呈时问依赖(P<0.05),Herceptin单独作用SKBR3-细胞,细胞周期阻滞于G0/GI期,并且S期的比例减少,与多肽联合作用后,细胞周期又进一步阻滞于G2/M期,S期细胞进一步降低.结论 抑制性多肽能不同程度地下调膜受体HER-2和CXCR4的表达,提高人乳腺癌细胞株SKBR3对Herceptin药物的敏感性.     

4. MIGRATION OF AFRICAN BIRDS

Dean, W. R. J. 1978. Plumage, reproductive condition and moult in non-breeding Wattled Starlings. Ostrich 49:97-101. A random sample of Wattled Starlings Creatophora cinerea taken from a large flock (about 5000 birds) that was exhibiting pre-breeding displays was found to have a male:female ratio of 63:50. Less than 15% of the total sample were in breeding plumage, in spite of testis and ovarian follicle development that suggested that the whole flock was capable of breeding. The weight of dehydrated flight muscles gave a reliable indication of general body condition, but could not be correlated with reproductive condition, The presence of helminths (Diplotriaena tricuspis) does not appear to affect the birds adversely. Of the 113 birds in the sample, 13.2% were in active primary moult, 53,9% were in new plumage, and 32.9% were either old or indeterminable. Of 108 stomachs examined. 38.8% (42) contained fruit, 41,6% (45) contained insects and fruit, 17,5% (19) contained insects and 49% (1) contained a lizard.     

T4溶菌酶晶体分子堆积的研究

以不对称单位中只有一个分子的１０种不同晶型的Ｔ４溶菌酶晶体为材料,对晶体中的分子堆积进行了研究,结果表明,在溶剂含量较高的晶型中,非极性基团在接触面积中所占的比例略高于溶剂含量较低的晶型,而其极性和带电荷基团在接触面积中所占的比例略低于溶剂含量较低的晶型。溶剂含量较高的晶型多含有晶体学二重轴,二重轴相关的分子间的接触与其他接触相比,含有较少的极性相互作用。这些结果说明溶剂含量的高低可能是由不同结晶     

4种(变种)辣椒的核型研究

本文研究了辣椒属4种(变种)的核型,各个种的核型可简式为小米辣2n=24=23m+1sm:簇生辣2n=24=20m+2sm+2st:樱桃辣2n=24=20m+4sm(2SAT):“印度辣”2n=24=22m+2st。按照Stebbins的核型分类,小米辣为2A型;簇生辣和樱桃辣为2A型,印度辣为2B型。     

4PU对萝卜离体子叶衰老的影响

萝卜（Ｒａｐｈａｎｕｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓ）离体子叶在暗中培养过程中,作为叶片衰老指标的叶绿素和蛋白质含量随着培养时间的延长而呈现出稳定的下降。４ＰＵ处理可减轻叶绿素和蛋白质含量的下降,表现出明显的延缓衰老的效应,其中以１０１ｍｇ／Ｌ效果最佳     

4. CLIMPSES OF THE NARINA TROGON

Bertram, B. C. R. &; Burger, A. E. 1981. Aspects of incubation in Ostriches. Ostrich 52:36-43.

We studied incubation in domesticated Ostriches Struthio camelus in South Africa and wild Ostriches in Kenya. Although the eggs were large, with relatively high thermal capacities, unattended eggs exposed to the sun reached dangerously high temperatures (40,5°C). Experimental exposure of fresh eggs to the sun for seven days prior to incubation greatly reduced the percentage of embryos which developed, and no embryos survived 15 days of exposure. In the wild. Ostriches frequently shade their eggs in the pre-incubation period to prevent overheating.

During natural incubation, temperatures in the eggs (range 30,8-33,8°C) and of nest-air (31,9-34,6°C) were remarkably constant, despite the daily ambient fluctuations of air temperatures (17,8-38,9°C). Similarly the humidity of the nest-air (39–52%) was lower and less variable than the ambient air (39–72%). Water loss during 42 days of incubation was 11–12% of initial egg weight and, in addition, early laid eggs lost 3–4% during the 2½-3 week pre-incubation period. The water vapour conductivity and the daily water loss of Ostrich eggs were similar to those of other birds, in proportion to epg size, despite the arid environment inhabited by Ostriches. Some of the constraints on the feeding and breeding behaviour of Ostriches imposed by the physical requirements of their eggs are discussed.     

眼镜蛇血浆T3,T4,TsH浓度的年周期变化律

本文报道眼镜蛇Ｎａｊａ ｎａｊａ Ａｔｒａ甲状腺功能的年周期律。结果表明：１．眼镜蛇血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４和ＴｓＨ的浓度均呈单峰曲线的年周期变化。血浆ＴｓＨ的浓度及血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度的高峰时间分别是４月１６日及７月２日和７月８日。血浆ＴｓＨ的高峰时间比血浆Ｔ３、Ｔ４浓度的高峰时间提前２个多月。２．眼镜蛇Ｔ３、Ｔ４分泌增多的内因是蛇自身节律性的调节。３．眼镜蛇的ＴｓＨ是甲状腺结构变化的促成者。     

我国水稻条纹病毒一个强致病性分离物的RNA4序列测定与分析

对我国水稻条纹病毒(Rice Stripe Virus,RSV)一个强致病性分离物(辽宁PJ分离物)的RNA4区段进行扩增、克隆和测序,其核苷酸序列全长2157bp。与已报道的日本T和M分离物及我国云南CX分离物的RNA4序列进行比较分析,结果表明,这4个分离物可分为两组,其中,PJ、T和M分离物为一组,组内分离物之间,RNA4的毒义链(vRNA4)及RNA4的毒义互补链(vcRNA4)上的ORF的核苷酸一致性分别为970%和970%～975%,5′末端和3′末端非编码区的序列则完全一致。但PJ分离物与T分离物的亲缘关系更为密切,其基因间隔区(IR)与T分离物的等长,核苷酸一致性为930%,比M分离物的IR多了一段长19bp的插入序列,核苷酸一致性仅为850%。另一组为我国CX分离物,组与组之间,vRNA4及vcRNA4上的ORF的核苷酸一致性分别为940%和925%～935%,但在氨基酸水平上则没有明显的差异。CX分离物的IR与PJ分离物相比有一段长84bp的插入序列,组间,IR的核苷酸一致性仅为720%～750%,5′末端非编码区的序列完全一致,但3′末端非编码区有两个碱基的差异。这些结果表明,RSV在自然界的分子变异与其地理分布具有密切的关系。此外,非编码区序列的高度保守性暗示着它们在病毒基因转录和复制的调控方面具有重要的功能。本文还讨论了RSV的分子流行学。     

基于脑电四阶累积量的运动意识分类研究

提出了基于四阶累积量为脑电特征的意识任务分类思想.对被测试者想象左右手运动时的脑电归一化四阶累积量（峭度）及其动态变化情况进行了研究.结果表明,归一化四阶累积量能较好地反映左右手运动想象的脑电特征变化.在此基础上,进行了基于脑电四阶累积量的左右手运动意识识别和分类研究,实验结果表明,正确识别率能达到87.5%.由于四阶累积量的计算比较简单,而且可在线计算,因此可以认为,基于脑电四阶累积量为特征的运动意识分类及其在脑机接口技术中的应用,具有较高的实际应用价值.     

早期胚胎各器官CXCR4和CD44表达的观察

目的通过观察早期胚胎中CXCR4和CD44在全身各脏器的表达,了解不同器官干细胞的表面标志物特性。方法免疫组化SP法检测输卵管妊娠5例完整早期胚胎组织中CXCR4和CD44的表达情况。结果CXCR4大部分器官都见有表达,尤其在骨细胞和神经细胞中为强阳性表达。CD44主要表达于间叶组织中,如舌肌和胃肠的深肌层,以及各器官的纤维组织中,但不表达于骨、神经组织和髓外造血组织。另外,在少数上皮组织中也见有表达,如胸腺上皮细胞强表达和肺粘膜弱表达。在部分组织中CD44和CXCR4的表达模式相反。结论通过免疫组化法观察的CXCR4和CD44早期胚胎发育中特殊的表达为研究干细胞特性提供了良好直观的依据和线索。     

四种麻醉药对大鼠颈动脉窦反射的影响

Wistar大鼠25只,随机分成四组,分别经腹腔注射α-氯醛糖(75mg/kg),乌拉坦(1.4g/kg),水合氯醛(350mg/kg)或戊巴比妥钠(50mg/kg)麻醉。孤立颈动脉窦。窦内压(ISP)以5.3kPa为一梯级由0升高到37.3kPa,然后以同样梯级由37.3kPa降到0,同步记录平均动脉压(MAP)。将各级ISP与其对应的MAP值进行Logistic函数拟合,对所获得的四种麻醉药的ISP-MAP关系曲线及其有关参数进行比较。在低ISP区(0～10.6kPa),α-氯醛糖组的反射值明显高于其余三组;在高ISP区(26.6～37.3kPa),四组之间无差异。α—氯醛糖组峰斜率最大,乌拉坦组的闽值和P_3大于其余三组。表明α-氯醛糖可能有易化大鼠窦反射的作用,其余三种麻醉药对窦反射有抑制作用,其中乌拉坦的抑制效应最大。     

几种C4和CAM植物光合亚途径的鉴别

C_4.植物鼠尾粟(Sporobolus indicus),金色狗尾草(Setaria glauca)、细叶结缕草(zoysia tenuifolia)、千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)和 CAM 植物芦荟(Aloe vera)属PEP 羧激酶亚型。C_4双子叶植物飞扬草(Euphorbia hirta)则为 NAD 苹果酸亚型。前面4种 PEP 羧激酶型的 C_4草本植物的维管束鞘细胞叶绿体呈均匀分布,与已知的该型的离心排列不同。认为这可为 C_4植物三种光合亚型的演化关系提供新的证据。     

四种风毛菊属植物的核型研究

本文首次报道产于我国华北地区风毛菊属（ＳａｕｓｓｕｒｅａＤＣ．）４种植物的染色体数目和核型。四个种的染色体数目均是２ｎ＝２６,都是２倍体。它们的核型是：糠风毛菊（Ｓ．Ｐａｌｅａｔａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,属２Ｂ型,华北风毛菊（Ｓ．ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋８ｓｔ,属２Ｂ型;狭苞凤毛菊（Ｓ．ｄｉｅｌｓｉａｎａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝８ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,属２Ｃ型;银背凤毛菊（Ｓ．ｎｉｖｅａ）２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,属２Ａ型。染色体中均未发现随体。     

生防菌AS818抗药性标记标在大豆根限定殖

通过60Coγ-射线(1.0×104rad)对生防菌株链霉菌AS818孢子悬液(106/mL)进行诱变,得到抗链霉素(＞50μg/mL)突变株5株.经诱导,RL-4抗链霉素水平达到10μg/mL.标记株RL-4在1%水琼脂(WA)和无菌土中培养的大豆根际定殖趋势有所不同.RL-4在1%WA培养的大豆根表的定殖量呈逐步上升趋势.无菌土中种植的大豆根际和根表的检测表明RL-4可在无菌土中大豆根际短期定殖,在根际第1周数量降低了100倍,以后数量开始逐渐上升,第3周达到高峰,数量比第1周增加了3个数量级,但在第4周其数量又开始下降;在根表RL-4数量逐步下降,到第4周已检测不到RL-4的存在.组织印记法检测发现标记株RL-4可以在无菌培养的大豆根表定殖并沿根分布,但却不能定殖于根内.     

EFFECT OF 4'-CHLOROGLUTARANILIC ACID ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SUNFLOWER SEEDLINGS

The potential growth-regulating properties of 4'-chloroglutaranilic acid (CGA) as well as oxygen and nitrogen isosteres were examined in whole-plant bioassay systems utilizing sunflower seedling (Helianthus annuus L.). Test systems included both soil-grown plants and hydroponic studies. Foliar applications of CGA produced growth inhibition which was detectable within 24 hr and which persisted for at least 30 days. Direct application to roots produced a growth inhibition which was 15% greater than foliar applications. Foliar or root application at 10^-5 m or greater concentrations produced gross changes in leaf morphology. Total plant-height inhibition was principally associated with stem growth in an area located between primary leaves and the shoot meristem. CGA was found to be 32 % less active than IAA as a growth promoter, but was 76 % more active than IAA as a growth inhibitor; the most severely affected organ was the leaf and the least affected was the root system. Leaves from soil-grown plants treated wth a 10^-3 m foliar application of CGA possessed several abnormalities. These included an increase in thickness and dry weight, a reduction in chloroplast starch vacuoles, extractable starch, soluble hexoses, and soluble proteins.     

中国蚜科新纪录,4

在调查云南森林昆虫中发现下述种类为我国首次纪录。 大尾小长管蚜Macrosiphoniella grandicauda Takahashi et Kuwana, 1963,中国新纪录。采自云南丽江(林科所1980.V.23),各型孤雌蚜。寄主为艾蒿,盖满3—4寸嫩梢。活体叶绿色,体稍扁。不易从植物上坠落。国外分布于朝鲜、日本和印度。