照光对玉米黄化幼苗超氧物歧化酶活性的影响

玉米黄化苗经光照（80μmolm－2s－1）后超氧物歧化酶（SOD）活性提高,放线菌酮抑制光下SOD活性的提高。照光能提高玉米幼苗O-2产生速率;百草枯（0．01mmol／L）可提高照光和黑暗条件下SOD活性,抗坏血酸和甘露醇却消除光对SOD的激活作用。     

低温对杂优水稻及其亲本幼苗中超氧物歧化酶的影响

本试验表明,超氧物歧化酶(SOD)普遍存在于“杂优”水稻及其亲本的叶绿体、线粒体及细胞溶质中。在细胞溶质和线粒体中分离出三条 Cu-Zn-SOD 和一条 Mn-SOD 的同工酶,而叶绿体中只分离出三条 Cu-Zn-SOD 的同工酶。各细胞器以叶绿体中的 SOD 对低温反应最敏感,线粒体次之。杂交后代(F_1)叶绿体的 SOD 对低温的敏感性接近母本。     

磷脂化修饰影响超氧化物歧化酶细胞亲和力的研究

目的:研究磷脂化修饰对重组人超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)进入人冠状动脉内皮细胞(HCAEC)、人心肌细胞(HCM)能力的影响。方法:分别运用流式细胞术和蛋白印迹分析磷脂化修饰的超氧化物歧化酶(PC-SOD)和SOD与HCAEC、HCM的结合能力,并用激光共聚焦显微术分析修饰前后的SOD可显著增强PC-SOD与细胞的亲和力,并可显著增强PC-SOD进入人冠状动脉内皮细胞和人心肌细胞的能力。     

铜、锌对水稻幼苗生长及超氧物歧化酶的影响

用缺Cu或Zn,与缺Cu、Zn的木村B营养溶液培养杂交水稻威优48(V_(48)),威优49(V_(49))与常规稻竹系26(ZX_(26))幼苗至七叶期。缺Cu的稻苗,上部新生叶(六、七叶)先端扭曲,叶尖枯黄。缺Zn与缺Cu、Zn的稻苗,六、七叶脉间全部褪绿,植株矮小,根系衰退。凡是缺素培养的稻苗,根与叶的超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著减弱,叶绿体基粒与间质片层明显减少,缺Cu、Zn的叶绿体还出现较大的淀粉“液泡”。经凝胶电泳,显示出水稻SOD有4组活性带,缺Cu或Zn与缺Cu、Zn使迁移率较高的3组活性带的活性明显减弱。     

锰超氧化物歧化酶对神经系统作用的研究综述

锰超氧化物歧化酶（SOD2）是线粒体基质酶,作为细胞内氧自由基的清除剂,SOD2与氧化应激相关的神经系统疾病密切相关。本文从SOD2的一般生物学特性、在神经系统中的作用以及在临床上的应用等方面对其近期的研究成果和未来发展趋势进行了综述。     

From Haemocuprein to Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase: A History on the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Discovery of Haemocuprein and the Twentieth Anniversary of the Discovery of Superoxide Dismutase

Haemocuprein was discovered fifty years ago by T. Mann and D. Keilin as a copper protein of red blood cells, later named erythrocuprein. Superoxide dismutase was discovered twenty years ago by J.M. McCord and I. Fridovich as an enzymatic activity in preparations of carbonic anhydrase or myoglobin that inhibited the aerobic reduction of cytochrome c by xanthine oxidase. Astonishingly the superoxide dismutase proved to be haemocuprein. Around this time zinc was found in haemocuprein, in equimolar amount to the copper. Haemocuprein thus became copper-zinc superoxide dismutase after thirty years as an obscure cupropro-tein of red blood cells. This historical article is a tribute to the achievement of J.M. McCord and I. Fridovich. Their discovery of superoxide dismutase revolutionized the study of oxygen free-radicals in biochemistry.     

The Molecular Genetics of Superoxide Dismutase in E. Coli

The biological role and the regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in E. coli have been investigated using genetics. Cloning of both E. coli SOD genes permitted construction of mutants completely lacking SOD. The conditional oxygen sensitivity of those mutants, together with their increased mutation rate, demonstrated the essential biological role of SOD. SOD-deficient mutants constitute a powerful tool to assess a possible role of O^?2 or SOD in biological processes. Complementation of their deficiencies by the expression of SOD originating from a different organism is used for screening libraries for SOD genes of other species. Regulation of MnSOD has been studied using protein and operon fusions with the lactose operon, and isolating regulation mutants. These studies reveal multiregulation of MnSOD including response to the superoxide mediated oxidative stress and response to variations of the intracellular redox state induced by metabolic changes.     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟化合物的生物活性研究

根据天然超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性部位结构合成了含苯并咪唑的5种配体及其32种分别含Cu（Ⅱ）、Fe（Ⅲ）、Mn（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）的模拟化合物.经光谱、电化学测试证明这些化合物具有拟S3D活性,其50％抑制率浓度（IC50）为10-6～10-8mol·L-1,催化超氧离子自由基（O-·2）歧化的反应速率常数kq为106～108mol-1·L·s-1.同时观察到几种模拟化合物有抗肿瘤活性或增强水稻抗寒性.     

蚯蚓超氧化物歧化酶理化性质的研究

从蚯蚓中提取超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase简称SOD),经硫酸铵分级沉淀分离、透析除盐后测定SOD活性得知:50~70%饱和度硫酸铵沉淀的SOD活性最高,比活性也最高;蚯蚓体内此酶在35~40℃之间表现出最高活性;最适pH值为7.8~8.2;提取蚯蚓SOD的最适提取液体积应为蚯蚓鲜重的4倍(v/w)。     

Stress Resistance of Drosophila Transgenic for Bovine CuZn Superoxide Dismutase

Several oxidative and non-oxidative stresses were applied to two transgenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster (designated P(bSOD)5 and P(bSOD)11) that express superoxide dismutase (SOD) at elevated levels, and control strains that express normal SOD levels. Transgenic strain P(bSOD)5 exposed to paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride), a redox cycling agent that generates superoxide anion when metabolized in vivo, was significantly more resistant to this xenobiotic than control flies. When test flies were subjected to 100% oxygen for 20 min each day, the mean lifespan was 3.62 days for control strain 25, but 4.35 days for both transgenic strains. The mortality curves of all strains fed 1% H₂O₂ were similar, but the median lifespan of 72 h for controls and 64 h for transgenics suggests that the transgenic flies were slightly more sensitive to H₂O₂. The activity of catalase was the same for all strains. Using starvation resistance as a non-oxidative stress, flies maintained on water without any food had identical survival curves; for all strains, the median lifespan was 72 h. Throughout the lifespan, no statistically significant difference in physical activity was displayed for transgenic versus control flies. Collectively, these data suggest that the increased lifespan previously observed in SOD transgenics is specifically related to resistance to oxidative stresses.     

Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase in the Cells of Strictly Anaerobic Microorganisms

Strictly anaerobic microorganisms relating to various physiological groups were screened for catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. All of the investigated anaerobes possessed SOD activity, necessary for protection against toxic products of oxygen reduction. High specific activities of SOD were found in Acetobacterium woodii and Acetobacterium wieringae. Most of the investigated clostridia and acetogens were catalase-negative. A significant activity of catalase was found in Thermohydrogenium kirishiense, in representatives of the genus Desulfotomaculum, and in several methanogens. Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus had an exceptionally high catalase activity after growth in medium supplemented with hemin. Hemin also produced a strong positive effect on the catalase activity in many other anaerobic microorganisms. In methanogens, the activities of the enzymes of antioxidant defense varied in wide ranges depending on the stage of growth and the energy source.     

鳗弧菌侵染对青蛤溶菌酶和超氧化物岐化酶活性的影响

青蛤样品分别注射鳗弧菌和生理盐水,在注射后3 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、36 h和48 h取不同处理组血清,测定其溶菌酶(LSZ)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,分析鳗弧菌对青蛤体内免疫相关酶活性的影响.结果表明,鳗弧菌感染组的青蛤血液中LSZ和SOD活性均有显著升高的趋势,SOD在12 h时达到最高,LSZ在36 h达到最高,均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),随后呈现下降趋势.表明鳗弧菌对青蛤的LSZ与SOD酶活性影响较大,对其免疫防御系统有明显的刺激作用.     

橄榄超氧化物歧化酶的分离纯化与性质研究

采用超声波破碎、硫酸铵分级沉淀、SephadexG-100和DE-52柱层析,从橄榄中分离纯化Cu,Zn-SOD,并对其部分性质进行分析鉴定。结果得到酶的比活力为906.3U/mg。该酶对H2O2和KCN敏感,而T氏液对酶活性没影响。紫外吸收峰在275nm处,PAGE蛋白和活性染色呈现3条相对应的谱带,相对分子质量约为31.63kD,亚基相对分子质量约为15.73kD。此酶对热稳定,在pH7~9范围内稳定。     

西伯利亚蓼中PsMnSOD基因的克隆及其抗逆性检测

采用RACE技术从西伯利亚蓼中克隆了锰超氧化物歧化酶基因PsMnSOD的cDNA（GenBank登录号FJ848572）。长为792bp的PsMnSODcDNA序列含有编码234个氨基酸的705bp的开放读码框、57bp的5＇非翻译区和30bp的3＇非翻译区。构建了PsMnSOD基因的酵母表达载体pYES2-PsMnSOD并将其转化到野生型酵母菌株中。分析PsMnSOD基因在酵母中的表达对酵母SOD酶活性的影响及其对盐胁迫、PEG胁迫、高温和低温胁迫下抗逆性影响的结果表明,PsMnSOD基因在酵母中表达后酵母SOD酶活性提高,酵母对盐渍、PEG、高温和低温等非生物胁迫的抗逆性也增强。     

Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase: Distribution, Properties, and Physiological Role in Cells of Strict Anaerobes

This review considers the distribution of the main enzymes of antioxidative defense, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, in various groups of strictly anaerobic microorganisms: bacteria of the genus Clostridium, Bacteroides, sulfate-reducing and acetogenic bacteria, methanogenic archaea, etc. Molecular and biochemical properties of purified Fe-containing SODs, cambialistic SODs, and heme catalases are presented. The physiological role and origin of the enzymes of antioxidative defense in strict anaerobes are discussed. Physiological responses (induction of SOD and catalase) to factors provoking oxidative stress in the cells of strict anaerobes able to maintain viability under aerobic conditions are also considered.     

外源超氧化物歧化酶基因MnSOD在玉米中的过量表达及抗逆性的提高

为研究过量表达的超氧化物歧化酶基因MnSOD对玉米抗逆性的作用,构建了小麦来源MnSOD基因的单子叶植物高效表达载体,用基因枪法转化优良玉米自交系胚性愈伤组织。经潮霉素梯度浓度培养基筛选,从阳性愈伤组织再生获得9个正常结实的植株。其中5株经PCR和Southern印迹检测表现为阳性,表明外源基因己整合到玉米基因组中。提取SOD酶液,非变性聚肉烯酰胺浓度梯度凝胶电泳分离,用H2O2 5mmol／L抑制FeSOD和CU／ZnSOD活性,氯化硝基四氮唑蓝染色检测MnSOD酶活性。Southern印迹呈阳性的5个植株,MnSOD酶活性均高于未转基因的对照。甲基紫精氧化损伤处理后,用电解质渗漏率法测定阳性株系的叶片渗透液的电导率。结果表明,转基因株系的抗氧化损伤能力显著高于对照。     

莲子超氧物歧化酶的特性分析

比较了莲子、豇豆、绿豆、玉米、花生、菜心等6种植物种子的胚或胚轴超氧物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和热稳定性,其中莲子胚轴中SOD活性及耐热性最高。莲子胚轴粗提液中的SOD有Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD两种类型,而Fe-SOD耐高温。经100℃处理、硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG-100凝胶过滤和DEAE-纤维素柱层析,获得纯化的耐热性强的超氧物歧化酶。纯化酶对KCN不敏感,活性受H     

狗肝铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的纯化

本文采用加热、硫酸铵分级沉淀和柱层析的方法,从狗肝中提纯了铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu·Zn-SOD),并对其理化性质进行了鉴定。结果表明酶的纯度均一。与文献报道的不同来源的同类酶相同,狗肝Cu·Zn-SOD系由两个相同亚基组成的二聚体,每分子晦蛋白合有两个铜和两个锌原子。分子量33.6kD,N-末端氨基酸为丙氨酸。     

Effect of Some Environmental Pollutants on the Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Lemna

Exposure of Lemma sp. to SO₂ resulted in an increased activity of superoxide dismutase. About 3 to 4 fold increase in the activity was observed within 30 minutes after the plants were fumigated with 10 ml/l of SO₂. Paraquat, a well known superoxide generator, doubled the enzyme activity after 1 hour of treatment with 0.1 mM paraquat. Superoxide dismutase activity was also enhanced by cadmium treatment but the response was not immediate. Optimum increase in the activity of enzyme was observed after 4 days of treatment with 40 mg/l of cadmium in the medium. Treatment with H₂O₂ very clearly inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase in Lemna.