Karyotypes of Eleven Species of Triticeae in Northeast China

In this paper the karyotypes of eleven species of Triticeae from Northeast China are reported. The karyotype formulae are as follows: Agropyron cristatum, 2n=4x=28=20m+8sm; Elytrigia repens, 2n=6x=42=34m(2SAT) + 8sm; Hordeum brevisubulatum, 2n = 4x = 28 = 20m + 8sm( 4SAT ); Roegneria nakaii, 2n = 4x = 28 = 20m + 8sm( 4SAT ); R. turczaninovii var. macrathera, 2n = 4x = 28 = 20m(2SAT ) + 8sm(2SAT ); Elymus sibiricus, 2n = 4x = 28 = 20m + 8sm ( 4SAT); E. dahuricus, 2n=6x=42=32m+10sm( 6SAT); E. excelsus, 2n=6x=42=32m+10sm( 6SAT); Leymus chinensis, 2n=4x=28=20m(4SAT) + 8sm; Roegneria ciliaris, 2n = 4x = 28 = 22m( 2SAT ) + 6sm( 2SAT ); R. kamoji, 2n= 6x = 42= 30m+ 12sm(4SAT). The karyotypes of the first five species are re-ported for the first time.     

仲彬草属八个物种的核型

报道了仲彬草属 (KengyiliaYenetJ .L .Yang) 8个物种的核型 ,其中 4个种的核型为首次报道。核型公式是 :阿勒泰仲彬草K alatavica ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;长颖仲彬草K longiglumis,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;大颖仲彬草K grandiglumis,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;窄颖仲彬草K stenachyra ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;喀什仲彬草K kasgarica ,2n =6x =4 2 =32m 10sm ;梭罗仲彬草K thoroldiana ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;黑药仲彬草K melanthera ,2n =6x =4 2 =36m 6sm ;矮生仲彬草K nana ,2n =6x =4 2 =34m 8sm。它们的核型属于 1B或 2B型 ,染色体中均未发现随体     

我国11种披碱草的核型研究

本文报道了中国产的11种披碱草属植物的核型,其中9种为首次报道。结果如下:老芒麦2n=4x=28=24m+4sm(2SAT);披碱草2n=6x=42=36m(2SAT)+6sm(4SAT);青紫披碱草2n=6x=42=32m+10sm(4SAT);垂穗披碱草2n=6x=42=34m+8sm(2SAT);圆柱披碱草2n=6x=42=32m+10sm(2SAT);短芒披碱草2n=6x=42=30m+12sm(4SAT);黑紫披碱草2n=6x=42=36m(6SAT)_1+6sm;毛披碱草2n=6x=42=30m+12sm(6SAT);紫芒披碱草2n=6x=42=22m=12sm(2SAT)+8st(4SAT);肥披碱草2n=6x=42=34m(2SAT)+6sm(4SAT)+2st;麦(?)草2n=6x=42=30m(4SAT)+12sm(2SAT)。     

披碱草属3个种的核型研究

首次报道了我国青藏高原３种披碱草属植物的核型,即短荒披碱草核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）,属２Ａ类型无芳芒披碱草,核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３０ｍ＋１２ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）,属２Ａ类型;硕穗披碱草,核型为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ（４ＳＡＴ）,属２Ｂ类型。     

Studies on Karyotypes of Two Species in Kengyilia and Three Species in Roegneria

The karyotypes of 3 species of Roegneria and 2 species of Kengyilia were analysed in this paper. They are all reported for the first time, and the karyotype formulae are as follows: R. nutans, 2n = 4X= 28 = 26m+ 2sm; R. abolinii, 2n = 4X =28 = 24m + 4sm; R. aristiglumis, 2n = 6X = 42 = 32m + 10sm (2sat); K. tahelacana 2n = 6X = 42 = 36m (2sat)+6sm (2sat); K. zhoasuensis, 2n = 6X= 42 = 34m(4sat)+ 8sm. According to the characters of karyotypes, K. tahelacana and K. zhoasuensis havethe S, Y, P genomes of genus Kengyilia.     

风毛菊属6种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片技术对分布于横断山区菊科(Compositae)风毛菊属(Saussurea DC.)的6种植物进行染色体数目和核型分析。结果表明:尖苞雪莲（S.polycolea var.acutisquama）核型公式为:2n=2x=32=20m+12sm,属2B型;球花雪莲核（S.globosa）型公式为:2n=2x=34=16m+18sm,属2B型;重齿风毛菊(S.katochaete)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=8m+18sm+6st,属3B型;柱茎风毛菊(S.columnaris)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=24m+8sm,属2B型;禾叶风毛菊(S.graminea)核型公式为:2n=2x=28=8m+18sm+2st,属3B型;长毛风毛菊(S.hieracioides)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=12m+16sm+4st,属2B型。6个种染色体中均未发现随体。其中尖苞雪莲和柱茎风毛菊染色体为首次报道。     

仲彬草属5种植物的核型研究

本文对我国西部高原仲彬草属Ｋｅｎｇｙｉｌｉａ５种植物的核型进行了分析。它们的染色体数目均为２ｎ＝４２,六倍体。核型是：糙毛鹅观草Ｋ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３６６＋６ｓｍ;青海鹅观草Ｋ．ｋｏｋｏｎｏｒｉｃａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３６ｍ＋６ｓｍ：黑药鹅观草Ｋ．ｍｅｌａｎｔｈｅｒａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３８ｍ＋４ｓｍ;硬秆鹅观草Ｋ．ｒｉｇｉｄｕｌａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３８ｍ＋４ｓｍ;窄颖鹅观草Ｋ．ｓｔｅｎａｃｈｙｒａ,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝３８ｍ＋４ｓｍ。它们的核型属于１Ｂ或２Ｂ型。染色体中均未发现随体。     

中国含笑属核型分析

对我国木兰科Magnoliaceae含笑属Michelia 12个种的核型进行了研究,核型公式如下:火力楠 M．macclurei var．sublanea 2n=34m(2SAT)+4sm;白兰M．alba 2n=34m+4sm;多花含笑M.flori- bunda 2n=30m+8sm;黄兰M.champaca 2n=32m+6sm;石碌含笑M.shiluensis 2n=32m+6sm;阔 瓣含笑M . platypetala 2n=32m+6sm(2SAT);含笑M．figo 2n=32m+6sm;深山含笑M．maudiae 2n=32m+6sm;长蕊含笑M. longistamina 2n=32m=6sm;金叶含笑M.foveolata 2n=34m=4sm; 野含笑M.skineriana 2n=30m+8sm;峨嵋含笑M.wilsonii 2n=30m+8sm(2SAT)。该属核型全部为 对称核型,除多花含笑为1A类型外,其他均为2A核型。含笑属种间核型具有很大相似性,核型资料对该属属以下的分类帮助不大。     

五种苏铁属植物的核形态

报道了苏铁属（Cycas L.)5种植物的染色体数目和核型,除多歧苏铁外,其他种均为首次报道。5个种的体细胞中期染色体核型公式分别为：滇南苏铁C.diannanensis K(2n)=2x=22=2m 4sm 4st 12T;潭清苏铁C.tanqingii K(2n)=2x=22=2m 8sm 2st 10T;多歧苏的Cmultipinnata K(2n)=2x=22=4m 8st 2st 8T;巴兰萨苏铁C.balansae K(2n)=2x=xx=2m 4sm 6st 10T。石山苏铁C.miquelii K(2n)=22=2m 6sm(1SAT) 4st 10T;核型均属于3B型。本研究结果支持苏铁属植物的核型从不对称进化的观点;同时,支持将巴兰萨苏铁和石山苏铁归入攀枝花苏铁组的台湾苏铁亚组的观点。     

四种风毛菊属植物的核型研究

本文首次报道产于我国华北地区风毛菊属（ＳａｕｓｓｕｒｅａＤＣ．）４种植物的染色体数目和核型。四个种的染色体数目均是２ｎ＝２６,都是２倍体。它们的核型是：糠风毛菊（Ｓ．Ｐａｌｅａｔａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,属２Ｂ型,华北风毛菊（Ｓ．ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋８ｓｔ,属２Ｂ型;狭苞凤毛菊（Ｓ．ｄｉｅｌｓｉａｎａ）Ｚｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝８ｍ＋１２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ,属２Ｃ型;银背凤毛菊（Ｓ．ｎｉｖｅａ）２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,属２Ａ型。染色体中均未发现随体。     

香港喜盐草属植物的核型分析

报道了分布于我国香港特别行政区的喜盐草属(Halophila Thou.) 2种植物的染色体数目和核型,其体细胞中期染色体数目均为2n=18。它们的核型公式分别为：喜盐草(H. ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f.) 2n=2x=18=4m+14sm;贝克喜盐草(H. beccarii Asch) 2n=2x=18=8m+10sm(首次报道)。核型均属于2B型。     

风毛菊属5种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片法,对风毛菊属(Saussurea)5种植物的染色体数目和核型类型进行分析。结果表明:大耳叶风毛菊(S.macrota)核型公式为2n=2x=26=10m+12sm+4st,属2A型;长梗风毛菊(S.dolichopoda)核型公式为2n=2x=26=14m+8sm+4st,属2A型;川陕风毛菊(S.licentiana)核型公式为2n=2x=28=12m+16sm,属2B型;杨叶风毛菊(S.populifolia)核型公式为2n=2x=28=6m+18sm+4st,属2B型;尾叶风毛菊(S.caudata)核型公式为2n=2x=30=14m+14sm+2st,属2A型。这5种风毛菊属植物中,除大耳叶风毛菊染色体数目和核型类型与前人报道的一致外,其余4种植物的染色体数目和核型类型均为首次报道,并在川陕风毛菊中发现1对B染色体。     

木兰科3个杂交组合及其亲本的核型研究

研究了木兰科（Magaoliaceae）3个杂交组合的亲本和杂交后代的核型。结果表明,云南含笑（Michelia yunnanensis）、灰岩含笑（Michelia calcicola）及其杂交组合A的核型分别为2n=2x=38=36m＋2sm、2n=2x=38=34m＋4sm和2n=2x=38=26m＋12sm;紫花含笑（Michelia crassipes）及其与云南含笑杂交组合C的核型分别为2n=2x=38=32m＋6sm和2n=2x=38=24m＋12sm＋2st;山玉兰（Mognolia delavayi）、广玉兰（Mognolia grondiflora）及其杂交组合U的核型分别为2n=2x=38=28m＋10sm、2n=6x=114=88m＋lOsm＋16st和2n=4x=76=57m＋15sm＋4st。杂交组合的核型与理论核型存在明显的差异,可能是在杂交组合的形成过程中,来自亲本的染色体发生了结构变异。     

东北蒿属艾组12种植物核型研究

报道东北蒿属艾组12种植物的染色体数及核型资料,结果如下：宽叶山蒿（Artemisia stolonifera (Maixm.)Komar.)2n=4x=36=28m 4sm(4SAT) 4st(4SAT);野艾蒿（A.lavandulaefolia DC)2n=2x=50=40m 4sm 6st(6SAT); 矮蒿（A.lancea Van.)2n=2x=16=10m 4sm 2st;蒙古蒿（A.mongolica (fisch.ex Bess.)Nakai]2n=2x=16=14m 2st;红足蒿（A.rubripes Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;歧茎蒿（A.igniaria Maixm.)2n=2x=34=28m 2sm 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿（A.integrifolia Linn.)2n=4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿（A.subula 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿（A.integrifolia Linn.)2n＝4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿（A.subulata Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;高岭蒿（A.brachyphylla Kitam.)2n=2x=18=14m 2sm 2st;林文稿[A.uiridissima(Komar.)Pamp.]2n=2x=18=14m 4sm;奄癌（A.keiskeana Miq.)2n=2x=18=16m 2sm;阴地蒿（A.sylvatica Maxim.)2n=2x=16=14m 2sm,核型对称性野艾蒿（A.lavandulaefolia)为2B型,其余均为2A型,依据核型资料对个别种的演化 分类进行了初步探讨。     

川西北高原12个垂穗披碱草居群的核型研究

以川西北高原12个居群的垂穗披碱草为材料,用光学显微镜观察了各居群材料的染色体,对观测所得数据进行了核型分析。结果显示,12个群体中有3个居群的材料具随体;12个居群的核型公式有5种,其中居群203024、205090和Y2097为2n=6x=34m(2SAT) 8sm,居群202068、205106、Y2091、Y2095、Y2120为2n=6x=38m 4sm,居群205116、205218为2n=6x=36m 6sm,居群205097为2n=6x=32m 10sm,居群205096为2n=6x=30m 12sm;核型可分为两类,其中居群205097、Y2095、Y20973属1B型,其它9个居群均为1A型。结果表明,川西北高原不同居群野生垂穗披碱草在核型上发生了变异。     

四川产紫堇属四新种

Af finis C. hemsleyanae Franch. et Prain, sed caulibus scapiformibus, flori-lus flavis, majoribus, petalo antico basi saccato facile differt.Herba caespitosa circ. 30 cm longa. Rhizoma circ. 5-10 mm longum, 10 mm crassum, radicibus fibrosis, numerosis, fasciculatis. Caulis 1 usque numerosus, scapiformis, simplex, efoliolatus, interdum basi unifoliatus. Folia basalia numerosa, circ. 20 cm longa, petiolis circ. 15 cm longis basi marginato-expansis, plus minu-sve carnosulis, in sicco purpureo-brunneis, laminis circ. 5 cm longis 5-6 cm latis viridibus, subtus glaucescentibus, biternatis, pinnis brevipetiolulatis, pinnulis sessilibus vel subsessilibus, 2.5-3.5 cm longis, 2 - 3 cm latis bitripartitis, segmentis lanccolatis, saepe trilobatis.     

新疆独尾草属植物的核型分析

对新疆独尾草属（Eremurus）植物的核型进行了研究。核型公式如下：阿尔泰独尾草[E.altaicus（Pall.）Stev.]2n=2x=14=4m＋8sm＋2st;异翅独尾草[E.anisopterus（Kar.et Kit）Regel]2n=4x=28=4m＋4sm＋20st;粗柄独尾草[E.inderiensis （M.Bieb）Regel]2n=2x=14=10sm＋4st,首次发现古尔班通古特沙漠南缘所产的异翅独尾草2n=4x=28,与前人报道其为二倍体2n=2x=14的结果不一致。     

Comparative karyomorphology and interrelationships ofSelaginella in Japan

Karyomorphological comparisons were made of 16 native and cultivated species ofSelaginella in Japan. The somatic chromosome numbers are 2n=16 inS. boninensis; 2n=18 inS. doederleinii, S. helvetica, S. limbata, S. lutchuensis, S. nipponica, S. selaginoides, S. tama-montana, andS. uncinata; 2n=20 inS. biformis, S. involvens, S. moellendorffii, S. remotifolia, andS. tamariscina; 2n=30 inS. rossii; and 2n=32 inS. heterostachys. The interphase nuclei of all species examined are uniformly assigned to the simple chromocenter type. The metaphase karyotype of 2n=16 (x=8) is 8 m (=median centromeric chromosomes)+8(st+t)(=subterminal and terminal). The group of the species having 2n=18 (x=9) is heterogeneous karyomorphologically: The karyotype ofS. nipponica is 2n=18=6 m+12(st+t),S. tama-montana 10 m+2 sm(=submedian)+6(st+t), andS. uncinata 6 m+7 sm+5(st+t). Although the remaining five species have the common karyotype 8 m+4 sm+6(st+t), the values of mean chromosome length are variable. Another group of the specles having 2n=20 (x=10) is homogeneous, since all species have the same karyotypes 8 m+4 sm+8(st+t) and have similar chromosome size. The karyotype of 2n=30 is 12 m+6 sm+12(st+t) and is suggested to be a triploid of x=10, and 2n=32=16m+16(st+t), a tetraploid of x=8. Thus, three kinds of basic chromosome numbers, x=8, 9, 10 are present in JapaneseSelaginella examined, and their karyomorphological relationships are discussed.     

核桃属部分种的小孢子发生及核型研究

本试验采用常规压片法,观察了核桃属(Juglans L.)四个种花粉母细胞(PMC)的减数分裂过程和花粉形态,检测了两个种的花粉生活力,分析研究了七个种的核型。结果表明,普通核桃(J.regia)核桃楸(J.mandskurica Maxim.)和黑核桃(J.nigra L.)的PMC减数分裂基本正常,但河北核桃PMC的减数分裂过程都极不正常,供试的七个种,除普通核桃为2C核型外,其余均为2B核型,仅黑核桃一种带有随体染色体。根据核型特点把七个种分成三组,并探讨了组间与组内种间的亲缘演化关系。作者认为,河北核桃应为一种独立的种,核桃科在系统发育上可能来源于染色体基数为8的两群)不同植物。     

淫羊藿属十二个种的核型

用细胞压片法对12 个淫羊藿属( Epimedium) 植物的根尖有丝分裂进行了观察, 并对其核型进行了比较研究。结果表明: 这12 种淫羊藿在核型上基本相似, 都有1 对中间随体染色体, 而且都为对称核型。粗毛淫羊藿( E. acuminatum) 、印江淫羊藿( E . yinjiangense )、单叶淫羊藿( E. simplicifloum) 、巫山淫羊藿( E. wushanense) 、光叶淫羊藿( E. myrianthum) 、宝兴淫羊藿( E. davidi) 、罗甸淫羊藿( E. luodianense) 、木鱼坪淫羊藿( E. franchetii ) 、箭叶淫羊藿( E. sagittatum) 、E. pubigerum、高山淫羊藿( E. alpinum) 等11 个种的核型公式均为2n = 2x= 6m (2SAT ) + 6sm, 而黔岭淫羊藿( E. leptorrhizum) 的核型公式为2n = 2x = 8m ( 2SAT ) + 4sm。结果显示12 种淫羊藿的体细胞染色体数目均为2n = 12 , 基数X = 6; 都属于对称核型、都有1 对中间随体; 染色体均为m、sm 两种类型。