三七皂苷Rg1对tPA和PAI-1活性的调节作用

探讨三七皂苷Rg1对组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)活性的调节作用。运用发色底物方法测定三七皂苷Rg1在体外和静脉注射对家兔血浆纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)和血浆或血小板释放的纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)水平的影响。结果表明,三七皂苷Rg1在体外呈浓度依赖性明显抑制血浆PAI-1活性,同时提高血浆tPA活性;30和60 mg/kg的三七皂苷Rg1静脉注射显著抑制血浆PAI-1活性,提高血浆tPA活性,同时降低凝血酶激活的血小板所释放的PAI-1水平。本实验提示三七皂苷Rg1能抑制PAI-1活性,同时升高tPA活性可能是其抗血栓作用的分子机制之一。     

同型半胱氨酸对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞tPA 及PAI-1基因表达的影响

目的探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)对纤溶系统的影响,观察Hcy在转录水平对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVEC)表达组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1(PAI1)的影响。方法将体外培养的HUVEC分为生理浓度(10μmol/LHcy)组,病理浓度(50、200、500μmol/L)Hcy组及单纯培养基组(0μmol/LHcy),培养24h后,提取RNA,反转录聚合酶链反应分析(RTPCR)法分析各组tPA及PAI1基因表达水平。结果500μmol/LHcy组与10μmol/LHcy组相比,tPAmRNA基因表达明显下调(P<0.05),PAI1mRNA表达则明显上调(P<0.05)。而与单纯培养基组相比,10μmol/LHcy组tPAmRNA表达明显增高(P<0.05)。结论生理浓度Hcy可以增加纤溶系统活性,减少血栓性疾病的发生。高Hcy(病理浓度)则抑制纤溶系统活性,促进缺血性心脑血管疾病的发生。     

睾酮对人血管内皮细胞产生NO、tPA和PAI-1的影响

目的:观察不同浓度睾酮对人血管内皮细胞生长、产生舒张因子及纤溶活性的影响.方法:体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC),分为五个浓度睾酮组及单纯培养基对照组.做MTT实验观察睾酮对HUVEC生长的影响;还原酶法测定各组HUVEC释放NO量;ELISA法测定各组培养基中纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)及其抑制物(PAI-1)含量.结果:3×10-10mol/L-3×10-8mol/L睾酮组与对照组相比细胞生长良好,无明显差别;而大于生理剂量的两组(3×10-6～3×10-1mol/L)3 d后细胞生长明显受到抑制(P＜0.05).各浓度睾酮组产生NO量与对照组无明显区别.而3×10-10 mol/L～3×10-8 mol/L睾酮组tPA含量明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);大剂量组tPA产生明显减少(P＜0.01).所有实验组的PAI-1含量均明显降低.结论:生理及略低于生理剂量的睾酮对HUVEC生长及释放NO无不利影响,且增加纤溶活性.说明生理剂量睾酮对血管内皮功能、心血管系统有一定的保护作用,有利于防止动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展.     

纳豆激酶溶解血栓机制

根据已有文献报道,综述了关于纳豆激酶溶栓机制的研究进展,将纳豆激酶的溶栓机制归纳为以下四点:直接溶栓作用;刺激血管内皮细胞产生内源tPA;激活体内尿激酶原转变为尿激酶;通过降解和失活纤溶酶原激活剂的抑制剂(PAI1)调控纤溶作用 。     

小剂量重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂治疗急性心肌梗死临床研究概况

1990年代中期以来,国内130多家医院入组9378例急性心肌梗死患者,其中用小剂量（50mg）重组组织纤溶酶厚激活剂（rt-PA）治疗6693例,阻塞相关血管开通5318俐,开通率为79.46％;死亡293倒,病死率为4.38％;出血550俐,出血率勾8.22％,其中重度出血7例,颅内出血21例（0.31％）,再次梗塞60例（0.90％）。超过40家医院对rt-PA（50mg）与尿激酶治疗急性心肌梗死疗效进行了比较,共计入组3449倒急性心肌梗死患者,rt-PA治疗1689例,先静脉推注8mg,其余42mg在30或60和90min滴注;尿激酶治疗1760例,150万U位滴注30min。结果显示,阻塞相关冠脉血管开通率分别为79.40％（1341例）和5733％（1009例）,相差非常显著（P〈0.001）。12家医院研究了rt-PA50-9100mg治疗急性心肌梗死的效果,共计入组1054例患者,其中50mg组487例,100mg组567例,阻塞相关血管开通率分别为78.85％和82.36％。另有22家医院入组1017倒病人,行rt-PA50mg30rain给药临味试验,冠脉开通率达80.53％;18家医院行rt-PA50mg 60min给药临床试验,入组942例病人,阻塞相关血管开通率为77.92％;50家医院用rt-PA50mg 90min给药方案治疗急性心肌梗死患者,入组2768例患者,冠脉开通率为77.89％。6家医院对用rt-PA（50mg）与链激酶治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效进行了对比,结果表明相关血管开通率分别为81.4％和65.2％22家医院比较了小剂量rt-PA对急性心肌梗死患者症状发作不同时间的治疗效果,表明症状发作时间越短,用药的溶栓效果越好。刘光对入院前和入院后用小剂量rt-PA溶栓进行了比较研究,证明入院前溶栓比入院后效果好。对冠脉内输注rt-PA（50mg）和2次静脉推注小剂量rt-PA治疗急性心肌梗死的效果也进行了探索。     

尿激酶前体的纯化及其性质的研究

尿激酶前体是与尿激酶具有共同抗原性的一种新的纤溶酶原激活物。我们从人胎肾细胞条件培养液中提纯该物质。首先用抗UKIgG-Sepharose亲和层析得到尿激酶抗原相关蛋白,然后利用苯甲脒-Sepharose柱去除尿激酶获纯化的尿激酶前体。纯化倍数达930倍,得率为18％,所得尿激酶前体为单肽链结构蛋白质,分子量55kD,比活(11389IU/mg)低于尿激酶,二异丙基氟磷酸酯(DFP)不能抑制其活性。体外¹²⁵I-血凝块溶解试验表明尿激酶前体可特异地诱导血凝块溶解,对血浆纤溶系统无明显激活作用,血凝块溶解的时间曲线呈特征性“S”型。所得尿激酶前体是一种新的有别于尿激酶的纤溶酶原激活物。     

卵巢纤蛋白溶酶原激活因子及其抑制因子的研究

本文综述了近年来作者在研究卵巢纤蛋白溶酶原激活因子(PA)及其抑制因子(PAI)的某些成果。PA是一种高效能蛋白水解酶激活因子,它激活纤蛋白溶酶原成为纤蛋白溶酶,此酶在纤蛋白水解过程中起重要作用。已有证据表明,PA与排卵有关。我们进一步研究发现:(1)在大鼠卵巢体细胞中存在两种PA,即组织型PA(tPA)和尿激酶型PA(uPA);而在卵细胞中只发现tPA;(2)大鼠卵巢tPA明显受促性腺激素和其他激素调节,并在排卵前达到高峰,而uPA没有明显变化;(3)在卵巢体细胞中还发现一种PA的抑制因子(PAI),它与PA结合形成复合体,能部分或完全消除PA活性;(4)只有tPA与大鼠排卵有关;PA和PAI间的相互作用和随激素的波动而引起的动态变化可能对维持卵巢正常生理功能和排卵起重要作用。     

恒河猴tPA基因的克隆、测序与真核表达

目的对恒河猴tPA编码区cDNA进行测序和表达.方法采用RT-PCR方法从恒河猴淋巴细胞中扩增tPA基因,将获得的cDNA克隆于T载体,序列确定后再克隆至真核表达载体.结果测序结果表明恒河猴tPAcDNA编码区与人tPAcDNA编码区的核苷酸序列同源性为96%,由此所推导的氨基酸序列的同源性为97.5%.随后将恒河猴tPAcDNA克隆于真核表达载体,转染CHO细胞后成功表达出了有活性的tPA.培养上清检测结果显示其活性约为50?U/ml,略低于人tPA在CHO细胞中表达产物的活性.结论本研究首次报道了恒河猴tPA基因编码区的全长cDNA序列并获得了有活性的恒河猴tPA真核表达产物.将为进一步比较灵长类动物间tPA的生物学特性奠定基础.     

缺血性脑卒中溶栓药物研究进展

缺血性脑卒中是一种高发病率、高死亡率的重大健康危机。溶栓药物能快速溶解血栓、减少出血副作用、实现血管再通,对缺血性脑卒中治疗起到关键性的作用。重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂(rtPA)是FDA批准的唯一缺血性脑卒中药物,但在临床使用中有诸多限制。近年来,基于tPA的溶栓药物及治疗策略发展迅速,文中结合笔者课题组及目前国内外的相关研究成果,回顾了该领域的最新进展,为新型溶栓药物发展提供科学依据和思路。     

人肾小球系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物cDNA克隆和高效表达

利用逆转录 聚合酶链式反应 (RT- PCR)方法 ,从中国正常人肾小球系膜细胞总RNA中扩增出人纤溶酶原激活物抑制物 (PAI 1 )基因cDNA编码区序列 ,并定向亚克隆至pUC1 9质粒 ,克隆的PAI -1cDNA去除了信号肽核苷酸序列并加入新的起始密码ATG ,编码区序列与文献报道的人内皮细胞PAI -1cDNA序列完全相同 .将PAI -1cDNA定向亚克隆至原核表达质粒 pBV2 2 0 ,构建了重组PAI -1基因表达质粒pBV2 2 0 PAI -1 ,在大肠杆菌中得到了高效表达 ,重组PAI -1蛋白表达占菌体总蛋白 45 % .Westernblotting检测 ,在分子量约为 43.0ku处出现一特异性蛋白质条带 .对形成包涵体的表达产物进行变复性处理及FPLC纯化 ,获得纯度 97%以上的潜伏态重组PAI -1 .经 4mol/L盐酸胍激活后 ,重组PAI- 1具有与天然PAI- 1同样的生物学活性 ,对尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物 (u- PA)具有显著抑制活性 .     

Expression of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA in human fibroblasts grown on different substrates

mRNA levels for urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) were examined in human diploid (neonatal foreskin) fibroblasts grown in 200-ml microcarrier suspension culture. Four different substrates were used. These included gelatin-coated polystyrene plastic, DEAE-dextran, glass-coated polystyrene plastic and uncoated polystyrene plastic. Our previous studies have shown that culture fluids from diploid fibroblasts grown on DEAE-dextran contained higher levels of plasminogen-dependent fibrinolytic activity than culture fluids from the same cells grown on other substrates. The increased plasminogen activator activity was due largely to elevated amounts of tPA (In Vitro Cell. Develop. Biol. 22: 575–582, 1986). The present study shows that there is a corresponding elevation of tPA mRNA in diploid fibroblasts cultured on DEAE-dextran relative to the other substrates. There does not appear to be any difference in uPA mRNA or in mRNA for PAI-1 or PAI-2 produced by the same cells on the four substrates. These data suggest that the influence of the substrate on plasminogen activator production is mediated at the genetic level.     

急性脑梗死患者介入治疗的疗效及对患者纤溶系统的影响

目的:研究急性脑梗死患者脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗的临床疗效及其对患者纤溶系统的影响。方法:选择我院收治的急性脑梗死患者68例,随机分为观察1组和观察2组,各34例,观察1组给予尿激酶100万U静脉溶栓治疗;观察2组给予脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗,术后口服氯吡格雷和阿司匹林。观察两组患者治疗前、治疗后1d、7d组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t PA)、血浆血管性假血友病因子(v WF)、纤溶酶原激活物特异性抑制物(PAI-1)水平,并选择同期体检健康者30例作为对照组。结果:治疗后观察2组血流再通明显高于观察1组(P0.05);治疗前所有患者v WF、PAI-1、t PA明显高于对照组,t PA/PAI-1明显低于对照组(P0.05),但观察1组和观察2组比较无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后1d观察1组、观察2组t PA、t PA/PAI-1明显升高,PAI-1明显降低(P0.05),治疗后7d,观察1组t PA、t PA/PAI-1明显降低,观察2组v WF明显升高(P0.05)。结论:脑血管球囊成形支架置入术治疗急性脑梗死可使梗死的血管再次通畅,术后采用抗凝及抗血小板治疗,效果显著,且对体内纤溶系统无明显影响,相比静脉溶栓治疗临床效果更加显著。     

Regulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in cultured rat Sertoli and Leydig cells

New data are provided to show that (i) rat Sertoli cells produce two types of plasminogen activators, tissue type (tPA) and urokinase type (uPA), and a plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1); (ii) both tPA (but not uPA) and PAI-1 secretion in the culture are modified by FSH, forskolin, dbcAMP, GnRH, PMA and growth factors (EGF and FGF), but not by hCG and androstenedione (△4); (iii) in vitro secretion of tPA and PA-PAI-1 complexes of Sertoli cells are greatly enhanced by presence of Leydig cells which produce negligible tPA but measurable PAI-1 activity;(iv) combination culture of Sertoli and Leydig cells remarkably increases FSH-induced PAI-1 activity and decreases hCG- and forskolin-induced inhibitor activity as compared with that of two cell types cultured alone. These data suggest that rat Sertoli cells, similar to ovarian granulosa cells, are capable of secreting both tPA and uPA, as well as PAI-1. The interaction of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells is essential for the cells to response to     

PAI-1 deficiency reduces liver fibrosis after bile duct ligation in mice through activation of tPA

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) increases injury in several liver, lung and kidney disease models. The objective of this investigation was to assess the effect of PAI-1 deficiency on cholestatic liver fibrosis and determine PAI-1 influenced fibrogenic mechanisms. We found that PAI-1(-/-) mice had less fibrosis than wild type (WT) mice after bile duct ligation. This change correlated with increased tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity, and increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), but not MMP-2 activity. Furthermore, there was increased activation of the tPA substrate hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a known anti-fibrogenic protein. In contrast, there was no difference in hepatic urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) or plasmin activities between PAI-1(-/-) and WT mice. There was also no difference in the level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), stellate cell activation or collagen production between WT and PAI-1(-/-) animals. In conclusion, PAI-1 deficiency reduces hepatic fibrosis after bile duct obstruction mainly through the activation of tPA and HGF.     

tPA Involvement in Ovulation──Studies on Mechanism of Ovulation：Role of Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator

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重组人尿激酶原的临床研究概况

尿激酶原或尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂具有特异性溶解血栓作用,引起人们的极大兴趣。西方国家1986年开始进行临床研究,A-74187或Sp2/0表达的糖基化尿激酶原以及大肠杆菌表达的非糖基化尿激酶原治疗急性心肌梗死阻塞相关血管开通率为70%~80%。德国Grünenthal公司用大肠杆菌表达的非糖基化尿激酶原(Saruplase)治疗急性心肌梗死研究采用20 mg推注,60 mg/60 min滴注,分别与重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、尿激酶、链激酶进行比较,并做了1698名心肌梗死患者的开放性临床试验,梗塞相关血管的开通率达到70%~80%。Saruplase与链激酶在104个临床研究中心,入组3089名急性心肌梗死患者进行大规模临床试验。结果表明,Saruplase对阻塞相关血管开通率、30天死亡率、出血合并症等副作用与链激酶没有明显差异,而出血性中风发生率高于链激酶,欧盟未批准Saru plase上市。国产重组人尿激酶原也进行了探索研究,用于治疗急性心肌梗死给药剂量为30~60 mg,给药时间为30或60 min,阻塞相关血管开通率为63.4%~80.0%,而尿激酶为52.2%~66.7%(平均58.0%)。此外,国外用重组人尿激酶原治疗深层静脉血栓和缺血性中风进行了探索研究,但病例数较少,尚须进一步研究。     

Kinetic analysis of the interactions between plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and both urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was purified from medium conditioned by cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells by successive chromatography on concanavalin A Sepharose, Sephacryl S-200, Blue B agarose, and Bio-Gel P-60. As shown previously for conditioned media (C. M. Hekman and D. J. Loskutoff (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 11581-11587) the purified PAI-1 preparation contained latent inhibitory activity which could be stimulated 9.4-fold by sodium dodecyl sulfate and 45-fold by guanidine-HCl. The specific activity of the preparation following treatment with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate was 2.5 X 10(3) IU/mg. The reaction between purified, guanidine-activated PAI-1 and both urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was studied. The second-order rate constants (pH 7.2, 35 degrees C) for the interaction between guanidine-activated PAI-1 and urokinase (UK), and one- and two-chain tPA are 1.6 X 10(8), 4.0 X 10(7), and 1.5 X 10(8) M-1 S-1, respectively. The presence of CNBr fibrinogen fragments had no affect on the rate constants of either one- or two-chain tPA. Steady-state kinetic analysis of the effect of PAI-1 on the rate of plasminogen activation revealed that the initial UK/PAI-1 interaction can be competed with plasminogen suggesting that the UK/PAI-1 interaction may involve a competitive type of inhibition. In contrast, the initial tPA/PAI-1 interaction can be competed only partially with plasminogen, suggesting that the tPA/PAI-1 interaction may involve a mixed type of inhibition. The results indicate that PAI-1 interacts more rapidly with UK and tPA than any PAI reported to date and suggest that PAI-1 is the primary physiological inhibitor of single-chain tPA. Moreover, the interaction of PAI-1 with tPA differs from its interaction with UK, and may involve two sites on the tPA molecule.     

Modification by the tissue plasminogen activator-plasmin system of morphine-induced dopamine release and hyperlocomotion, but not anti-nociceptive effect in mice

The extracellular serine protease tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) that converts plasminogen into plasmin is abundantly expressed throughout the central nervous system. We have recently demonstrated that the tPA-plasmin system participates in the rewarding and locomotor-stimulating effects of morphine by acutely regulating morphine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In the present study, we examined the effects of microinjections of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tPA or plasmin into the NAc on morphine-induced dopamine release, hyperlocomotion and anti-nociceptive effects in ICR mice. A single morphine treatment resulted in an increase in protein levels of PAI-1 in the NAc. Microinjection of PAI-1 into the NAc dose-dependently reduced morphine-induced dopamine release and hyperlocomotion. In contrast, microinjection of tPA into the NAc significantly potentiated morphine-induced dopamine release and hyperlocomotion without affecting basal levels. Furthermore, microinjection of plasmin enhanced morphine-induced dopamine release, but did not modify the hyperlocomotion induced by morphine. The intracerebroventricular injection of PAI-1, tPA and plasmin at high doses had no effect on the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine. These results suggest that the tPA-plasmin system is involved in the regulation of morphine-induced dopamine release and dopamine-dependent behaviors but not the anti-nociceptive effects of morphine.