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1.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Electrically induced protoplast fusion was used to produce somatic hybrids between Brassica napus L. and Sinapis alba L. Seven hybrids were obtained and verified by the simple sequence repeat and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis of the genefael, indicating that the characteristic bands from S. alba were present in the hybrids. The hybridity was also confirmed by chromosome number counting because the hybrids possessed 62 chromosomes, corresponding to the sum of fusion-parent chromosomes. Chromosome pairing at meiosis was predominantly normal, which led to high pollen fertility,ranging from 66% to 77%. All hybrids were grown to full maturity and could be fertilized and set seed after self-pollination or back-crosses with B. napus. The morphology of the hybrids resembled characteristics from both parental species. An analysis of the fatty acid composition in the seeds of F1 plants was conducted and the seeds were found to contain different amounts of erucic acid, ranging from 11.0% to 52.1%.  相似文献   

2.
甘蓝型油菜芥酸含量的主基因+多基因遗传   总被引:29,自引:2,他引:29  
应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对甘蓝型油菜无芥酸品种HSTC  相似文献   

3.
Different ribosomal RNA (5S and 25S) genes were investigated simultaneously by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus and Brassica napus. The chromosomes of S. alba carried four 5S and six 25S gene sites, and those of R. sativus four sites of each gene, respectively. These two species have one chromosome pair with both rDNA genes; the two are closely located on a short arm of S. alba, while in R. sativus one is distal on the short arm (5S) and the other more proximal on the long arm (25S). In B. napus we have confirmed 12sites of 25S rDNA. The detection of 5S rDNA genes revealed 14 signals on 12 chromosomes. Of these, six chromosomes had signals for both rDNA genes. The FISH with 5S rDNA probes detected two sites closely adjacent in four chromosomes of B napus. These results are discussed in relation to a probable homoeologous chromosome pair in B. oleracea. Received: 20 July 1999 / Accepted: 8 October 1999  相似文献   

4.
通过对甘蓝型油菜花粉发育阶段和活力的检测确定花粉发育的时期,分离出单核晚期花粉进行离体培养.结果表明,(1)筛选出适合油菜小孢子花粉离体培养的液体培养基为T_1+怀特维生素(White's vitamins)+2%椰子汁+0.5 mol/L麦芽糖,在此培养基上花粉的成熟率可达25.1%,萌发率达6.3%.(2)筛选出适合成熟花粉离体萌发液体培养基为0.6 mol/L麦芽糖+1.6 mmol/L硼酸+2.9 mmol/L硝酸钙+29.6 μmol/L VB_1,在此培养基上,自然成熟花粉的萌发率可达75.2%.将离体培养成熟的花粉培养在萌发培养基,萌发的花粉占成熟花粉的66.3%.  相似文献   

5.
Summary Somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and B. hirta (or Sinapis alba) is described. No cybrid plant with B. napus nucleus exhibiting cytoplasmic male sterility was recovered. Somatic hybrids were identified morphologically and, for some of them, by cytological observations. They were also characterised by Southern hybridization of nuclear rDNA. Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA restriction analysis showed that 2 plants out of 14 have B. hirta ctDNA, one the B. napus mtDNA and the other a hybrid. Nine possess B. napus ctDNA with a hybrid mtDNA. For six of them, mtDNA patterns present novel bands, suggesting intergenomic recombination during fusion. These hybrids will be included in the breeding program.  相似文献   

6.
Desiccation tolerance can be induced in microspore-derived embryos of Brassica napus L. by application of abscisic acid (ABA). Scanning electron microscopy was employed to study and compare desiccation-tolerant and -sensitive microspore-derived embryos. The external surface of those desiccated embryos in which desiccation tolerance had been induced was uniformly shriveled due to severe dehydration, and their internal tissue system was well preserved. In contrast, in desiccation-sensitive embryos, dehydration caused tearing of the epidermis and collapse of the internal tissue system. After the desiccated embryos had been rehydrated, the size and external morphology of the desiccation-tolerant ones recovered to the pre-desiccation state within 1 day, whereas the sensitive ones did not recover or remained shriveled. The effect of ABA on the induction of desiccation tolerance is discussed. Received: 25 June 1998 / Revision received: 03 September 1998 / Accepted: 24 September 1998  相似文献   

7.
转入HPT1基因的油菜种子中维生素E含量的提高   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
尿黑酸植基转移酶(HPT)是天然维生素E合成途径中的关键酶,拟南芥中编码HPT的基因HPT1转入油菜种子特异表达后得到转基因油菜。初步的检测发现,其种子中的维生素E含量有所提高。  相似文献   

8.
甘蓝型油菜若干农艺性状与单株产量的关系分析   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
以38个甘蓝型油菜品种为材料,对单株产量、有效分枝部位高度、主轴花序长度等11个农艺性状进行了方差分析、通径分析和聚类分析.结果显示:所有调查性状在品种间存在显著的差异;主花序长度、主序有效角果数与单株产量都有显著的遗传相关性,两者都通过有效分枝部位高度对单株产量产生较大的正向间接作用;有效分枝部位高度对单株产量的影响也较显著,高产品种具有相对较高的有效分枝部位高度;总角果数对单株产量的直接遗传通径系数虽小,但它具有最大的直接表型通径系数,它通过主序有效角果数和有效分枝数对单株产量产生了两个较大的间接作用;要获得3130kg/hm~2的产量,重点应具备果多、枝多的特征,总角果数不少于657个,有效分枝数不少于18个.  相似文献   

9.
Abstract. A comparison is made of the relative effectiveness of light quality and light quantity on the elongation growth of Sinapis alba hypocotyls. The results show that hypocotyl extension rate in plants which have not previously been exposed to light is controlled primarily by the prevailing photon fluence rate when the phytochrome photostationary state lies between ∼0.033 and ∼0.81. Below ∼0.033, changes in photostationary state also have a marked effect on extension rate. Elongation growth in light-adapted plants is controlled by both photon fluence rate and the spectral quality of the incident radiation at all photoequilibria. Photosynthesis can modify these responses but is not essential as a prior condition for a green plant to respond to changes in light quality and quantity.  相似文献   

10.
Pigments leached from Sinapis alba L. seeds and extracted from dark-grown seedlings are described and investigated by spectrophotometry and chromatography and their functions examined. Evidence is given that they are quinonoid, and it is suggested that they form part of a complex which absorbs ultraviolet light and utilizes it to produce growth energy at stages before visible light becomes available to the plant, and that this process may be the means by which mutations are introduced into species.  相似文献   

11.
Summary Isozyme analysis of Brassica napus cv Topas and CGRC5006 as well as of Sinapis alba cv Emergo revealed significant polymorphism between the two species for the isozymes, aconitate hydratase, glucose phosphate isomerase, and diaphorase. F1 hybrids between B. napus 5006 and S. alba cv Emergo were backcrossed to B. napus cv Topas, and the S1 progeny of the first two backcrosses were studied isozymically. At the backcross one level the frequency of S. alba or S. alba plus B. napus patterns observed ranged from 18% to 87% across the four lines studied. There were differences between lines for the frequency of S. alba patterns, which could have an impact on the efficiency of selection for subsequent backcrossing. By the backcross two generation in one of the two lines studied, GR86-24, the S. alba patterns for GPI and DIA had been lost, while in the other line, GR86-28, the S. alba pattern for ACO had been lost, resulting in lost opportunity for S. alba gene transfer. In a wide cross such as S. alba x B. napus, which requires an intensive effort to accomplish, the isozymes ACO, GPI, and DIA may serve as useful markers to ensure gene transfer between the two species has occurred. In addition, the identification of lines with divergent isozyme patterns from B. napus will provide the basis for establishing linkages between S. alba traits of interest and isozyme markers.  相似文献   

12.
The cytological possibility of gene transfer from Sinapis pubescens to Brassica napus was investigated. Intergeneric hybrids between Brassica napus (2n = 38) and Sinapis pubescens (2n = 18) were produced through ovary culture. The F1 hybrids were dihaploid and the chromosome configurations were (0–1) III + (2–11) II + (5–24) I . One F2 plant with 38 chromosomes was obtained from open pollination of the F1 hybrid. Thirty-one seeds were obtained from the backcross of the F2 plant with B. napus. Five out of seven plants had 38 chromosomes, and the pollen stainability ranged from 0% to 81.4%. In the B2 plants obtained from the backcross of B1 plants with B. napus, 66.7% of the plants examined had 38 chromosomes. S. pubescens may become a gene source for the improvement of B. napus.  相似文献   

13.
甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂种无性系的变异研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李再云  刘后利 《遗传学报》1996,23(4):315-321
从形态及细胞学两方面对甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂种无性系的变异进行了研究。经过长期继代培养后,杂种在形态上越来越偏向母本甘蓝型油菜,而表现出较少的父本诸葛菜性状,但表现出对等双分枝的新性状。经细胞学观察表明,杂种体内杂种细胞比例下降,而甘蓝型油菜细胞比例大幅度上升并远高于核质杂种细胞(具有油菜细胞质与诸葛菜细胞核)的比例,以至较多的甘蓝型油菜染色体组被遗传下去。在该杂种继代培养中还观察到杂种细胞内的染色体消除及体细胞配对现象。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

A study was made on the changes observed in the protein, starch and soluble sugar content during development of siliquas and seeds of rapeseed grown in central Italy.

Concentration of starch and soluble sugars in the seed increases to 75 per cent dry matter during the first few weeks of pod development and then drops to minimum values. The protein increases steadily until maturity, when a level of 0.85 mg per seed is reached, equivalent to 18 per cent dry matter. The protein and starch in the hull? decrease continuously during development, while in the initial stages the soluble sugars are accumulated until they account for 33 per cent dry matter, after which they decline towards maturity.  相似文献   

15.
甘蓝型油菜含油量的主基因+多基因遗传效应分析   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
应用多世代联合分析数量性状主基因和多基因混合遗传的统计方法,分析了甘蓝型油菜两个组合的5个世代——亲本P1、P2、F1、F2和F2:3家系材料含油量的遗传效应。结果表明,分离世代F2及F2:3家系含油量次数分布均呈混合的正态分布,符合主基因+多基因的遗传特征。D-2模型是该项研究两个甘蓝型油菜杂交组合含油量的最适遗传模型,含油量的遗传是由一对加性主基因和加-显性多基因共同控制的。组合1(1141Bx垦C1-1)主基因加性效应值为-1.74,表明亲本1141B中主基因位点上的等位基因降低含油量,而亲本垦C1-1中的等位基因增加含油量。多基因加性效应值和显性效应值分别为1.20和-1.93;F2的主基因遗传力和多基因遗传力分别为68.21%和27.17%;F2:3的主基因遗传力和多基因遗传力分别为81.70%和16.80%。组合2(32Bx垦C1-2)主基因加性效应值为-3.74,表明亲本32B中主基因位点上的等位基因降低含油量,而亲本垦C1-2中的等位基因增加含油量。多基因加性效应值和显性效应值分别为-1.99和0.93;F2的主基因遗传力和多基因遗传力分别为66.20%,和28.10%;F2:3的主基因遗传力和多基因遗传力为81.00%和14.90%。两组合在F2:3家系世代含油量的主基因遗传力均较F2高,因此认为高含油量育种中在F2:3家系进行选择效率较高。  相似文献   

16.
本研究克隆了甘蓝型油菜线粒体功能未知基因 ORF 117,构建了带有线粒体转运信号肽序列(TP )的植物过表达载体35S ∷TP-ORF117、35S ∷TP-EGFP 和35S ∷TP-ORF117-EGFP ,转化野生型拟南芥并进行抗除草剂筛选,共获得纯合的转基因拟南芥株系62个。qPCR 表明,ORF 117在转基因材料中得到高效过表达。用转35S ∷TP-EGFP 、35S ∷TP-ORF117-EGFP 拟南芥制备原生质体,经线粒体特异染料染色,在激光共聚焦显微镜下做线粒体、GFP 共定位检测,GFP 蛋白和 ORF117-EGFP 融合蛋白被准确定位到了线粒体。  相似文献   

17.
硼胁迫造成油菜植株生长异常,使幼苗干物重显著下降;而幼苗叶片和花药内RNase活性明显增强,RNA的分解加剧,RNA和DNA含量均下降,引起蛋白质的合成受阻,可溶性蛋白质含量急剧减少。这说明缺硼或硼过量时,植物体内核酸分解加剧是核酸含量下降的一个重要原因。  相似文献   

18.
以不同浓度的壳聚糖对油菜种子进行包衣处理,考察其对油菜种子萌发及幼苗耐盐性的影响,并在不同盐浓度胁迫条件下对种子萌发时的发芽势、发芽率、生物量(鲜重、干重、根长、芽长)等指标进行测定,同时分析油菜幼苗叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明,一定浓度的壳聚糖包衣处理可提高油菜种子发芽率、发芽势、生物量、幼苗的耐盐指数、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖的含量,其中浓度为0.25 g·L-1壳聚糖包衣处理对油菜种子萌发的促进效果较好,而浓度为0.50 g·L-1壳聚糖包衣处理对提高油菜幼苗耐盐性具有较好的促进作用。  相似文献   

19.
一种花色突变雄性不育油菜的发现   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
于澄宇  胡胜武  张春红  俞延军 《遗传》2004,26(3):330-332
在甘蓝型油菜杂交种C022(其母本为由3对基因控制育性的隐性细胞核雄性不育系9012A)不育株开放受粉的后代中,发现一种稀有的黄白双色嵌合花瓣的甘蓝型油菜突变体991S。其具有3个形态特征:(1)4片花瓣每片中央均为条带状黄色色斑,而两侧为白色,为嵌合双色花瓣;(2)4片花萼也可发生中间条带状白化;(3)目前只在不同群体的雄性不育株中出现,与同源的黄色花不育株形态相似,植株纤细矮小,花器也较小,花瓣较为平整,雌蕊弯曲,雄蕊退化,花药干缩。通过对其材料来源及后代花色表型分析,初步认为黄白双色性状由可局部表达的隐性白化基因控制。  相似文献   

20.
Xue  Jianming  Lin  Minshu  Bell  Richard W.  Graham  Robin D.  Yang  Xiaoe  Yang  Yuai 《Plant and Soil》1998,204(2):155-163
Three experiments were carried out on an alluvial sandy loam (Udifluvent) at Tonglu, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China from 1992 to 1995, to determine the genotypic range in boron (B) efficiency of 16 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, to identify the B-efficient cultivars and to identify specific responses which can be utilised for selection in a breeding program. The 16 cultivars which included high-quality and conventional types differed significantly in survival, plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight and seed yield; however, the ranking of the cultivars for their seed yield or other plant traits differed with B treatment. With severe B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B < 0.26 mg/kg) and no boron applied, none of the cultivars exhibited significant B efficiency, with seed yield <300 kg/ha. With moderate B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B 0.34 mg/kg or 0.17 kg B/ha applied), seed yield varied significantly among the cultivars from 397 to 1889 kg/ha in year 1 and from 616 to 1260 kg/ha in year 3. Zhongyou 821 and 92-13 were the most B-efficient and Wanyou 324, Huashuang 2 and Su 2051 were the most B-inefficient cultivars under moderate B deficiency. Significant differences were found among the cultivars in leaf B concentration; however, there was no close relationship between leaf B concentration and seed yield responses to B of oilseed cultivars. Of all the growth parameters measured, leaf area was the early indicator best correlated with subsequent seed yield and may be useful for evaluating the response of cultivars to low B supply. Contrary to current opinion, it was also found that high-quality oilseed rape cultivars were not all sensitive to low B supply nor were all conventional cultivars B-efficient.  相似文献   

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