缺磷胁迫对小麦根细胞周期蛋白基因cyc1At表达的影响

用液培方法研究了缺磷胁迫对小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）根系生长的影响。结果表明,随着介质磷水平的提高,小麦根轴长度和植株生长素深度均降低。在低磷条件下用生长素极性运输抑制剂三碘苯甲酸（ＴＩＢＡ）处理后,小麦的根轴长度明显降低,表明生长素参与了缺磷小麦根轴生长的调控。缺磷小麦根部生长素浓度的提高诱导了细胞周期蛋白基因ｃｙｃ１Ａｔ的素达,促进了根分生组织细胞的分裂并驱动了根的生长。     

小麦根系生长对缺磷胁迫的反应

研究了缺磷诱导小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）根系生长的反应,小麦根轴的生长与植株内外的磷浓度均呈显著的负线性关系。分根实验证明,随着低磷营养液中根比例的增加,在供磷水平不同的分根盒侧的根轴长度的均增加,这说明根轴生长是受体内磷浓度调控的。植株体内磷浓度的处理后１ｄ开始变化,而在不同供磷水平营养液中小麦根轴长度的差异达到显著水平的时间是处理后的第８天,说明植株体内磷浓度的变化可能是小     

缺磷胁迫下的小麦根系形态特征研究

研究了缺磷条件下不同基因型小麦（Triticum aestivum L.)苗期根系形态学适应特征,以明确环境因子对根系不同组分（根轴和侧根）生长发育调控作用的强度和根系形态与磷营养效率关系。在缺P环境中,小麦根轴数量和侧根长度明显减小,同化物向根部的分配比例增加,根轴长度、侧根数量和根系长度等均有显著提高。供试基因型小麦的根轴数量及其长度的差异在每个供磷水平及不同供磷水平之间均呈显著,说明这两种性状的差异是由基因型和环境因素共同决定的;而侧根特征的差异只在不同供磷水平间显著,表明侧根性状主要受环境因素的控制。对6种基因型小麦的研究表明,根轴数量、根轴长度、根生长角度和根系长度根角之间存在着显著的基因型差异。相关分析表明,小麦的相对产量与缺磷条件下的小麦苗期根系形态指标的交互作用之间具有显著的线性关系。这种关系说明根系形态性状可作为早期有效地筛选磷高效小麦品种的指标。     

磷和外源生长素对白羽扇豆(Lupinus albus L.)根形态和生理特性的影响

白羽扇豆(Lupinus albus L.)对磷和生长素表现出高度的根系形态和生理可塑性反应, 然而磷和生长素如何调节根形态和生理特性以及它们对根形态和生理的交互效应尚不清楚. 本研究通过水培实验旨在评价磷(0或250 μmol/L)和生长素(10^-8 mol/L NAA)对白羽扇豆根特性的影响及其交互效应. 结果表明, 缺少磷和生长素施用均明显改变了白羽扇豆的根形态(主根长度减少、一级侧根数目增加和排根大量形成)和生理特性(质子释放、柠檬酸分泌和酸性磷酸酶活性增加). 外源生长素的施用增加了缺磷白羽扇豆根系的响应度和敏感性. 磷和生长素对白羽扇豆根系形态和生理具有明显的交互作用. 主成分分析表明, 磷解释了根特性64.8%的信息, 而生长素解释了21.3%的信息, 表明磷供应对白羽扇豆根特性的影响比外源生长素施用更为重要. 白羽扇豆能够通过协调根系形态和生理对外部刺激(如缺磷和施用生长素)作出应答, 以及优化根形态和生理之间的关系从而最大化获取磷素资源.     

不同磷效率小麦品种对缺磷胁迫反应的比较

在营养液培养条件下,以根据相对产量为指标筛选出的6个不同磷效率的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种为材料,对其苗期在缺磷条件下生长、根冠磷含量及其分配,以及叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度等进行了比较研究。结果表明,缺磷抑制植株地上部生长,但刺激根系生长,导致植株根／冠比增加。无论在供磷或缺磷条件下,磷高效品种的根冠生长速率都低于磷低效品种。缺磷导致植株体内的磷含量下降与根系相比,地上部磷含量的下降速率更快。但在缺磷条件下,不同磷效率的小麦品种根冠间的磷分配变化没有差异。研究发现,在正常供磷条件下,磷高效小麦品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度较低,而磷低效品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度较高。但开始缺磷后,磷高效品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度下降较慢,使其相对磷浓度较高。缺磷后10天,磷低效品种叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度为供磷对照的35．9％,而磷高效品种叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度为供磷对照的59％。     

不同磷效率小麦品种对缺磷胁迫反应的比较

在营养液培养条件下,以根据相对产量为指标筛选出的6个不同磷效率的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种为材料,对其苗期在缺磷条件下生长、根冠磷含量及其分配,以及叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度等进行了比较研究.结果表明,缺磷抑制植株地上部生长,但刺激根系生长,导致植株根/冠比增加.无论在供磷或缺磷条件下,磷高效品种的根冠生长速率都低于磷低效品种.缺磷导致植株体内的磷含量下降与根系相比,地上部磷含量的下降速率更快.但在缺磷条件下,不同磷效率的小麦品种根冠间的磷分配变化没有差异.研究发现,在正常供磷条件下,磷高效小麦品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度较低,而磷低效品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中磷浓度较高.但开始缺磷后,磷高效品种的叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度下降较慢,使其相对磷浓度较高.缺磷后1 0天,磷低效品种叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度为供磷对照的35.9%,而磷高效品种叶片韧皮部汁液中的磷浓度为供磷对照的59%.     

腐殖酸钠对植物生长的刺激作用

应用溶液培养方法研究了腐殖酸钠对植物生长的刺激作用。小麦、蕃茄、棉花等植物的苗期生长,特别是根的生长受到腐植酸钠的显著促进。刺激生长的腐殖酸钠浓度因来源而异,且刺激作用有一定的作用时间。曾观察到腐殖酸钠处理提高了植物幼苗对低温、干旱、缺磷的抗逆作用。为了将腐殖酸钠的刺激作用与已知植物激素的作用相比较,用生物试法测试了富里酸的细胞分裂素活性及生长素活性。发现巩县富里酸从50 ppm到3000 ppm都有激动素活性,但随着贮存时间的延长而改变,活性范围不稳定。也观察到250 ppm富里酸有生长素活性。此外还初步证实富里酸能抑制根中吲哚乙酸氧化酶在体外的活性。     

缺磷条件下白羽扇豆排根发育与生长素及miR164的关系

以缺磷条件下白羽扇豆为材料,观察了外源生长素NAA和生长素运输的抑制剂NPA 对白羽扇豆排根形成及其活性的影响,同时运用基因芯片与RT-PCR的方法分析了生长素信号转导途径中转录因子NAC1以及调控NAC1表达的上游microRNA164(miR164)在不同发育阶段排根中的表达变化,以探讨白羽扇豆在缺磷时排根形成与发育的调控机制.结果表明,缺磷胁迫下排根大量形成与生长素及其运输有关,排根NAC1的表达在初生阶段上调,成熟后下调,并受其上游的miR164的负调控,而排根衰老后则上述基因的表达都减弱.研究发现,在缺磷诱导的排根发生至发育成熟过程中,miR164、NAC1、生长素与排根发育之间很可能组成了一个级联系统,从而控制排根的发生与发育.     

小麦根系接受缺磷信号的部位（简报）

用局部供磷法研究小麦根系接受外界缺磷信号位点的结果表明,体内不缺磷的植株可以接受缺磷磷信号的刺激,根系局部缺磷有利于小麦的生长发育,小麦根的任何部位均可接受环境缺磷信号。     

6-BA对缺磷白羽扇豆排根形成和有机酸分泌的影响

缺磷条件下白羽扇豆能够形成排根,并增加有机酸分泌.但上述过程的调节机制尚不清楚.该文的结果表明,使用外源6-BA不影响缺磷白羽扇豆的生长和磷在体内的分配,但明显抑制了根簇的形成和有机酸分泌.经低浓度6-BA(10-8 mol/L)处理后转移至不含6-BA的缺磷营养液中继续培养的植株,其根簇形成和有机酸分泌得到恢复,甚至超过未经6-BA处理的缺磷植株;但高浓度6-BA(10-7 mol/L)对根簇形成和有机酸分泌的抑制作用不可恢复.对6-BA影响缺磷的白羽扇豆排根形成和有机酸分泌的可能机制进行了讨论.     

不同磷水平下小麦-蚕豆间作根系形态的变化及其与内源激素的关系

采用水培方法,研究了不同磷水平下小麦-蚕豆间作体系根系形态变化及其与内源激素的相关关系。结果表明: 与单作小麦相比,在低磷(1/2P)水平下,小麦-蚕豆间作能显著增加小麦的根长,显著减少小麦根系的平均直径,显著增加根系的表面积;在常规磷(P)水平下,间作能显著降低小麦根系的平均直径,有增加小麦根长和根表面积的趋势;与单作蚕豆相比,间作能明显促进蚕豆根系的增长,同时增加蚕豆根表面积。在1/2P水平下,间作能显著提高小麦和蚕豆根系中的生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量;在P水平下,间作能显著提高小麦根系中的IAA、ABA和JA含量,单、间作小麦根系中的SA含量没有显著差异,间作显著增加了蚕豆根系中ABA和SA含量,单、间作蚕豆根系中的IAA和JA含量无显著差异。单作条件下,小麦和蚕豆根系中的内源激素(IAA、ABA、SA和JA)含量与其根系形态(根长、根平均直径和根表面积)无显著相关性;间作条件下,小麦和蚕豆根系中的IAA含量与根长和根表面积之间存在明显的正相关关系。由此可见,小麦-蚕豆间作能够诱导小麦和蚕豆根系IAA的增加。这种变化可能是驱动间作系统根系形态变化的重要因子。     

Promotion of rooting in mung bean hypocotyl cuttings with ethrel, an ethylene releasing compound

Ethrel increased the number of roots on mung bean hypocotylcuttings under continuous illumination but decreased their length.IAA, GA₃) kinetin and TIBA inhibited both the number and length.Inhibitory effect of GA3 and kinetin on root number was overcomeby ethrel but on root length was enhanced. Ethrel in combinationwith IAA promoted the number and length of roots synergisticallybut enhanced the inhibitory effect of TIBA on both. (Received June 27, 1970; )     

表油菜素内酯对绿豆上胚轴内源IAA及其氧化酶的影响

用0.5ppm表油菜素内酯处理绿豆幼苗,显著促进上胚轴伸长生长,若切除真叶则可抑制表油菜素内酯诱导的效应。三碘苯甲酸(TIBA)也可抑制表油菜素内酯促进的伸长生长。外源IAA能部分恢复TIBA的抑制效应。经处理的上胚轴内源IAA含量明显高于对照。暗示表油菜素内酯可能通过对内源IAA的调节来促进绿豆上胚轴的伸长生长。 表油菜素内酯处理的绿豆上胚轴组织中,与生长素降解密切相关的IAA氧化酶以及过氧化物酶活性均明显低于对照。     

The morphological changes of wheat genotypes as affected by the levels of localized phosphate supply

Effects of localized phosphate supply on the seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes 81(85)5-3-3-3 (P-efficient) and NC37 (P-inefficient) were studied using a device which allowed only 3 cm length of root segment to be exposed to phosphate treatment. Localized supply of 0 mmol P L^–1 and the rest of root supplied with 0.1 mmol P L^–1 (HLH), increased the shoot height, leaf area, root/shoot ratio for 81(85)5-3-3-3, length of root and root axis for NC37, and root axis length and density of first-laterals for both the genotypes, compared to plants with the whole root system in P-sufficient solution (HHH). This suggested that above- and below-ground morphological parameters of wheat were promoted by a localized P-deficiency, presumably via a P deficiency signal. There was a significant difference in the number of first-order laterals between the two wheat genotypes when most of the roots were grown without P and only 3 cm length of root was supplied with 0.3 mmol P L^–1. The relationship between the number and density of 2nd-order lateral roots and level of local P supply was quadratic. Maximum number and density of 2nd-order lateral roots were obtained with a localized P supply of 0.70 mmol L^–1.     

Control of Internode Length in Pisum sativum (Further Evidence for the Involvement of Indole-3-Acetic Acid)

The effects of altered endogenous indole-3-acetic (IAA) levels on elongation in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants were investigated. The auxin transport inhibitors 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid (HFCA) were applied to elongating internodes of wild-type and mutant lkb plants. The lkb mutant was included because elongating lkb internodes contained 2- to 3-fold less free IAA than those of the wild type. In the wild type, TIBA reduced both the IAA level and internode elongation below the site of application. Both TIBA and HFCA strongly promoted the elongation of lkb internodes and also raised IAA levels above the application site. The synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) also markedly increased internode elongation in lkb plants and virtually restored petioles and tendrils to their wild-type length. In contrast, treatment of wild-type plants with TIBA, HFCA, or 2,4-D caused little or no increase in elongation above the application site. The ethylene synthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine also increased stem elongation in lkb plants, and combined application of HFCA and aminoethoxy-vinylglycine restored lkb internodes to the wild-type length. It is concluded that the level of IAA in wild-type internodes is necessary for normal elongation, and that the reduced stature of lkb plants is at least partially attributable to a reduction in free IAA level in this mutant.     

Effect of auxin on mesocotyl elongation of dark-grown maize under different seeding depths

In order to elucidate the physiological mechanism of maize mesocotyl elongation induced by auxin under different seeding depths, seeds of five maize inbred lines, including 3681-4 line tolerant to deep seeding, were treated with IAA and triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) under seeding depths of 20 or 2 cm. Under deep seeding conditions, maize mesocotyls grew by 1.5–2.0 times faster than under shallow seeding conditions. IAA (10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁴ M) applied to roots stimulated mesocotyl elongation only of 3681-4 line and only under deep seeding conditions. TIBA (10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁴ M) applied to roots inhibited mesocotyl elongation in all lines, but only 3681-4 was sensitive to 10⁻⁶ M TIBA. IAA promoted only cell elongation, and TIBA inhibited both cell elongation and cell division. After IAA and TIBA treatments, endogenous IAA content changed in parallel with the mesocotyl growth rate under different seeding depths. Furthermore, ABP1 gene expression changed in parallel with the mesocotyl growth rate under deep seeding conditions. Therefore, deep seeding tolerance of 3681-4 line was achieved due to auxin-regulated rapid mesocotyl elongation.     

Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on aluminum-induced efflux of malic acid from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been found to be involved in plant resistance to various types of environmental stress. Aluminum (Al) toxicity, as one of the most important environmental stress in acid soils, is coped by most plants through the efflux of organic acids via anion channel. This study aims to evaluate the effect of IAA on efflux of malic acid from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Al stress. Hydroponic experiments were performed by wheat ET8 (Al-tolerant). The efflux of malic acid was investigated under different treatments. Results showed that Al treatments increased the accumulation of endogenous IAA, but decreased the activity of IAA oxidase in a dose-dependent manner. A good correlation between all the data of malic acid efflux rate and endogenous IAA content was obtained (R²?=?0.9859**). IAA treatment alone had no effect on the efflux of malic acid. But compared to Al (50 ??M) treatment, the efflux of malic acid increased significantly under the co-treatment of IAA (50 ??M) and Al (50 ??M). In split-root experiments, the root with half of it being treated with Al (CK/Al), the other part (CK) showed significantly higher malic acid efflux rate and endogenous IAA content in root apexes, compared with the root without such treatment (CK/CK). The Al-induced malic acid efflux decreased under the treatments of IAA transport inhibitor N-1-napthyl-phtalamic acid (NPA) (or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, TIBA). These above results suggested the possible involvement of IAA in the stimulation of malic acid efflux under Al stress. In addition, anion channel inhibitor treatment experiment showed that IAA (50 ??M) relieved the inhibiting effect of 5 ??M anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C) (or niflumic acid, NIF) on malic acid efflux induced by Al (50 ??M), compared to the co-treatment of Al (50 ??M) and 5 ??M anion channel inhibitor A9C (or NIF) it is thus speculated that the anion channel might have been activated when IAA was involved in malic acid efflux. This study showed that IAA was involved in aluminum-induced efflux of malic acid from wheat.