Mineral content in the wild onion species and their nutritive value

The accumulation of 11 microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Sr, Cr, and Se) by 7 wild onion species of the genus Allium was studied. A. flavescens Bess possesses the higher accumulating capability; it accumulates five of eleven microelements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Se) with biological accumulation coefficient (BAC) exceeding 1 and also contains high levels of Fe, Co, and Mn. These features enable this species to be the most promising for the nutrition adjustment of human commons with above-mentioned microelements primarily with Cr, which content in 100 g onion leaves achieves 84% of commons. A. fistulosum L., A. odorum L., and broad-leaved A. nutans form specifically accumulate Cu, Zn, and Se. A. montanum Schmidt is characterized by the accumulation of Zn. A. angulosum and A. schoenoprasum are xharacterized by the accumulation of Se. The broad-leaved forms of A. schoenoprasum L., A. nutans L., and A. odorum L. compared with their narrow-leaved forms accumulate more amounts of Zn and Cu.     

Accumulation of metals and metalloids in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) irrigated with domestic wastewater in the peri-urban areas of Khushab City,Pakistan

Accumulation of different metals and metalloids was assessed in two vegetables radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) irrigated with domestic wastewater in the peri-urban areas of Khushab City, Pakistan. In general, the metal and metalloid concentrations in radish and spinach were higher at site-II treated with sewage water than those found at site-I treated with canal water. In case of radish at both sites the levels of metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, and Pb) were below the permissible level except those of Mn, Ni, Mo, Cd, and Pb. At both sites, the transfer factor ranged from 0.047–228.3 mg kg^?1 with Cr having the highest transfer factor. The metal pollution index in soil was in the following order: As > Fe > Ni > Zn > Cd > Mo > Se > Co > Pb > Mn > Cr > Cu, respectively. While in case of spinach at both sites, the concentrations of metals and metalloids in vegetable samples irrigated with canal and sewage water were observed below the permissible level except Mn, Ni, Zn, Mo, and Pb. At both sites, the transfer factor ranged from 0.038–245.4 mg kg^?1 with Cr having the highest transfer factor. The metal pollution index in soil was in the following order: Cd > Ni > Co > Se > Mn > Zn > Mo > Pb > Fe > Cr > As > Cu, respectively.     

Field-based investigation on phytoremediation potentials of Lemna minor and Azolla filiculoides in tropical,semiarid regions: Case of Ethiopia

This study investigated the concurrent accumulation of eight heavy metals by two floating aquatic macrophytes (Lemna minor and Azolla filiculoides) cultivated in ambient media and blended wastewaters in the semiarid regions of Ethiopia. Both species accumulated heavy metals in varying degrees with a significant concentration gradient within the immediate water media. Highest bioconcentration factor (BCF) was determined for Mn and Fe in both plants. Results revealed that L. minor was high phytoaccumulator for Fe, Mn, Zn, and Co but moderate for Cd, Cu, Ni, and Cr. On the other hand, A. filiculoides was a high accumulator for Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu, but its potency was moderate for Co, Cr, and Ni, but lower for Cd. Both species exhibited significant difference in accumulating Co, Zn, and Mn (p < 0.05). In general, the BCFs for both plants were comparable within the same treatment. In this study, stronger associations between the heavy metal concentrations in the plant tissues and in the grown water media were observed for A. filiculoides.     

Size dependent metal concentrations in two marine gastropod species

The effect of size on the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Fe and Zn in the muscle and viscera of the gastropodsMonodonta turbinata andCerithium vulgatum was investigated. The concentration of the essential metals Cr, Mn and Ni and the non-essential metal Cd decreased with increasing size in both of the species and tissues. The concentration of the essential metals Cu, Fe and Zn, showed a less constant relation with size.     

Heavy metals in water,sediments, fish and plants of river Hindon,U.P., India

We analysed the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the water, sediments, fish and plants of the River Hindon, U.P., India, at seven sampling stations, in the year 1982. Considerable variation in concentration between water, sediments, fish and plants were noted. The concentration in the water was in the order Fe > Zn > Cr > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co > Cd, in the sediments, Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cr > - Co > Cu > Pb > Cd; in a fish (Heteropnuestes fossilis) Fe > Zn > Mn > Pb > Ni > Co > Cu > Cd > Cr, and in a plant (Eicchornia crassipes) Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb > Co > Cd.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in two morphotypes of African large barb Labeobarbus intermedius (Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae) in Lake Hawassa,Ethiopia

Water and muscle tissue samples from two morphotypes of the African large barb Labeobarbus intermedius collected from three sites in Lake Hawassa in 2012–2013 were analysed for eight heavy metals, including Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Five metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn) were detected in fish muscle samples, whereas only Cr, Cu and Ni were detected in water samples. Of the five metals detected in the muscle samples, Cu and Zn were present in higher concentrations in the golden morphotype, whereas Cr, Mn and Ni were found in higher concentrations in the silver morphotype. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values indicated that Cr, Cu and Ni have a tendency to accumulate in fish muscle in amounts exceeding those in water. In both morphotypes the highest concentrations of Zn and Mn were detected at the Hospital site, whereas the concentrations of Cr, Cu and Ni were highest at the Tikur Wuha site. Chromium, Cu and Ni concentrations recorded in fish muscle at all sampling sites exceeded the safe limits recommended by FAO/WHO and UNESCO, suggesting that water and fish from Lake Hawassa are contaminated with heavy metals originating from factories, a hospital and agricultural activities in proximity to the lake.     

Evaluation and Potential Health Hazard of Selected Metals in Water,Sediments, and Fish from the Gomti River

The health hazard associated with the consumption of fish from the Gomti River in India, contaminated with the heavy metals Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn was assessed in terms of target hazard quotients (THQs). The concentrations of metals (mg kg^?1, wet weight basis) in the muscle tissues of different fish species Mastacembelus puncalus, Clupisona garua, Cyrinous carpio, Botia lochachata, Channa punctatus, Heteropneustise fossilis, Puntius sofore, and Clarious batrachus ranged as follows: Cr (2.2–21.4), Cu (0.3–14.3), Mn (2.3–5.5), Ni (0.5–10.9), Pb (1.0–3.9), and Zn (12.3–46.9). The accumulation of metals in fish muscle tissue was in the order: Zn > Cr > Ni > Mn > Cu > Pb. THQs indicated a potential health hazard to children due to the consumption of fish contaminated with Ni and Pb; their THQs were greater than 1 for almost all fish species except for Ni in C. garua (THQ, 0.07) and C. carpio (THQ, 0.90). For adults, insignificant health hazard was associated with THQs less than 1 for all metals in the different fish species, but long-term exposure to these metals and subsequent bioaccumulation in the body may require additional investigation.     

Concentrations of Trace Metals in Dominant Aquatic Plants of the Lake Provala (Vojvodina, Yugoslavia)

The trace metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Sr, and Cr) contents in the most common submerged and floating aquatic plants Ceratophyllum demersum L., Myriophyllum spicatum L., and Nymphoides flava Hill. of Provala Lake were evaluated. Considerable higher contents of iron, manganese, zinc, nickel, lead and strontium were found in submerged species than in the floating ones. The presence of cadmium and lead in plant tissues points to a certain degree of lake water pollution.     

Heavy Metal Accumulation and Ecological Responses of Turfgrass to Rubbish Compost with EDTA Addition

Domestic rubbish compost is a complex-polluted system, containing multiple heavy metals,which limits its application. In the present study, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb accumulation and ecological responses of turfgrass to rubbish compost were investigated following the addition of EDTA. The results showed that the addition of EDTA significantly increased heavy metal accumulation in Lolium perenne L.and Festuca arundinacea L. Most heavy metal concentrations in L. perenne increased with increasing EDTA supply. The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Cd in L. perenne were highest following the addition of 30 mmol/kg EDTA and the concentrations of Cr and Ni at this point reached concentrations of1914.17 and 521.25 μg/g, respectively. When the EDTA level was ＜ 20 mmol/kg, the accumulation of most heavy metals in F. arundinacea increased with increasing EDTA supply, but showed a tendency to decrease at EDTA concentrations ＞20 mmol/kg. The highest concentrations of Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn in F.arundinacea reached 268.01, 110.94, 161.52 and 1 354.97 μg/g, respectively, following the addition of 20mmol/kg EDTA. The EDTA-induced increase in the accumulation of heavy metals in turfgrass was plantand metal-specific. L. perenne had a relatively high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, and Zn. The highest Zn concentration was 2 979.58 μg/g and, following the addition of EDTA, the concentrations of the three metals were increased 26.23, 20.03, and 10.49-fold, respectively, compared with control. However, F. arundinacea showed a high ability to accumulate Cr, with the highest concentration (596.02 μg/g) seen following the addition of 30 mmol/kg EDTA; the concentration of Cr increased 15.51-fold compared with control. With EDTA addition, ecological responses of both turfgrass species showed that EDTA at concentrations ＜10mmol/kg increased seed germination and aboveground net primary production (ANP) of L. perenne and slightly inhibited those of F.arundinacea, but EDTA at concentrations ＞20 mmol/kg inhibited these parameters significantly for both species. Moreover, EDTA increased the chlorophyll and proline content at all concentrations tested. On the basis of the synthetic remediation index, the optimal EDTA concentration for turfgrass remediation of heavy metals in compost is approximately 10 mmol/kg.     

不同径级国槐行道树重金属富集效能比较

采用ICP-OES测定北京市台基厂大街行道树国槐各器官中7种重金属(Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn)含量,比较不同径级国槐重金属富集效能。结果表明:国槐中重金属含量因胸径级、器官、元素种类不同而存在差异。各径级国槐重金属含量大小总体趋势为ZnMnCuPbCrNiCd,各器官中树皮和根对重金属的吸收能力最强,其次是叶和枝,树干对重金属的吸收能力最弱。不同径级国槐对重金属的富集能力存在差异,表现为小径级中径级大径级。国槐各器官中重金属积累量大小顺序为根干枝叶,重金属积累量随着胸径级扩大和生物量的增加而增加。综合比较不同径级国槐重金属年均积累量、单位面积富集量和单位空间富集量,小径级(20≤DBH30 cm)国槐富集效能最高。     

Risk assessment of heavy metal toxicity through contaminated vegetable from sewage water: Implications for populace health

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the levels of metals and metalloids in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) irrigated with city wastewater. Soil and vegetable samples from two different sites irrigated with wastewater were wet-digested and analyzed. Arsenic (As) was found higher at both sites and Cr was many-fold lower at both sampling sites. Among all heavy metals, Mn and Zn were abundant. Highest value of coefficient factor was found for Cr and the lowest for Cd. The high transfer value was recorded for Cu at site-I and for Ni at site-II. Copper and Se showed negative and significant correlations between soil and vegetable, whereas Mn, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, and Ni showed positive but non-significant correlations. Pollution load index in this vegetable was found to be higher for Cd and lower for Cu. Health risk index at site-I was in the order of As > Mn > Mo > Pb > Cd > Ni > Zn > Se > Fe > Co > Cr > Cu, whereas the same order was observed at site-II of the sampling locations. Thus, the health risks of metals through ingestion of vegetables were of great concern in the study area.     

Trace element content in human milk during lactation of preterm newborns

The present study has been finalized to perform the content of Zn, Cu, Cr, Se, Mn, F, Mo, Ni, and B in the preterm human milk over 21 d of lactation. Trace element (TE) contents were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and median concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cr, Se, Mn, and F observed in preterm milk did not demonstrate significant differences in comparison to levels shown in term milk. A statistical significant difference (p<0.05) has been found among Mo, Ni, and B content in preterm milk for every stage of lactation. TE content of infant blood founded concentrations of Mo in preterm babies significantly (p<0.01) lower than in term offsprings. Similar values of other TE content were obtained in blood of preterm, and term newborns. These findings point to the need for a considerable reassessment of the existing dietary recommendation for Mo content in infant feeding.     

奉节脐橙不同器官元素含量分布特征

对奉节脐橙果、叶、干、根中的必需大量元素 (N、K、Ca、Mg、P、S)、微量元素 (Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo)、有益元素 (Si、Co、F、Se、Ni、Sr)、有毒有害元素 (Hg、As、Cr、Cd、Pb、Sb、Bi)的分布特征进行分析 ,结果表明 :果、叶、干、根对各元素的吸收与富集特征具有明显的规律性 ,如叶、干、根中大量元素含量次序均为 Ca>N>K>Mg,叶、干、根中微量元素含量均有 Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Mo的规律 ,根、干、叶中有益微量元素含量次序均为 Si>Sr>F>Ni>Co>Se,叶、干、根中有毒有害元素含量次序均有 Pb>As>Sb >Hg的规律 ;在脐橙各器官中 ,叶是大量元素与有毒有害元素最富集的器官 ,根则是有益元素最富集的器官 ,有毒有害元素的 Cr、微量元素的 Mn、Fe、Mo也以根最为富集 ,干则是上述元素最不富集的器官 ,所有元素中 ,仅 Zn在干中最富集 ;大量元素 (除 N外 )、微量元素、有益元素在脐橙各器官的分配含量与地壳土壤背景值的分异含量趋势基本一致 ,土壤背景是这三类元素的主要控制因素。但有毒有害元素的分配形式则明显受人类活动的影响     

Asymmetric effects of grazing intensity on macroelements and microelements in grassland soil and plants in Inner Mongolia Grazing alters nutrient dynamics of grasslands

Grazing is a traditional grassland management technique and greatly alters ecosystem nutrient cycling. The effects of grazing intensity on the nutrient dynamics of soil and plants in grassland ecosystems remain uncertain, especially among microelements. A 2‐year field grazing experiment was conducted in a typical grassland with four grazing intensities (ungrazed control, light, moderate, and heavy grazing) in Inner Mongolia, China. Nutrient concentration was assessed in soil and three dominant plant species (Stipa krylovii, Leymus chinensis, and Cleistogenes squarrosa). Assessed quantities included four macroelements (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg)) and four microelements (copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn)). Soil total C, total N, total P, available N, and available P concentrations significantly increased with grazing intensity but soil Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn concentrations had no significant response. Plant C concentration decreased but plant N, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations significantly increased with grazing intensity. In soil, macroelement dynamics (i.e., C, N, and P) exhibited higher sensitivity with grazing intensity, conversely in plants, microelements were more sensitive. This result indicates macroelements and microelements in soil and plants had asymmetric responses with grazing intensity. The slopes of nutrient linear regression in C. squarrosa were higher than that of S. krylovii and L. chinensis, indicating that C. squarrosa had higher nutrient acquisition capacity and responded more rapidly to heavy grazing. These findings indicate that short‐term heavy grazing accelerates nutrient cycling of the soil–plant system in grassland ecosystems, elucidate the multiple nutrient dynamics of soil and plants with grazing intensity, and emphasize the important function of microelements in plant adaptation in grazing management.     

Applicability of Heavy-Metal Phytoextraction in United Arab Emirates: An Investigation of Candidate Species

Phytoremediation of contaminated calcareous desert land in the United Arab Emirates has been investigated. Soils from 12 northern UAE sites, suspected of metal contamination, were acid-extracted and analyzed by ICP-OES for Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Twenty-two plants naturally growing at contaminated sites were sampled and analyzed for their uptake of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn and eight commercially available plants, grown under controlled conditions, were also studied for their phytoextraction capabilities. The concentration of available Cr was found to be 1300 ± 150 mg/kg in the soil of the Ajman Industrial Zone and 80 ± 10 mg/kg of Pb was found at Bithna. Among the plants investigated, Portulaca oleracea and Iresine herbstii showed potential for Cr(VI) and Pb(II) accumulation, respectively, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) greater than unity. Atriplex halimus accumulated Co(II), Cr(III), and Cu(II) each with a BCF > 1.     

Chemical speciation distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soil from Sunan mining area,Anhui Province,China

In this study, the content characteristics, comprehensive pollution assessment, and morphological distribution characteristics of heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Cu) were researched based on the processes of field investigation, sample collection, and experimental analysis. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Mn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ni in surface soils were 522.77, 22.56, 55.10, 25.41, 0.25, 57.02, and 48.47 mg kg^?1, respectively. The surface soil from Sunan mining area was contaminated by Cu, Cd, and Ni in different degrees, and high CV values of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Ni were influenced by local human activities possibly. The evaluation results suggested that the mean I_geo values were in the sequence of Cd (0.657) > Ni (0.052) > Cu (?0.293) > Mn (?0.626) > Zn (?0.761) > Cr (?0.884) > Pb (?0.899). Besides, Cd was the most significant potential risk factor among all elements. Nevertheless, the Cd of bioavailable speciations with higher proportion had stronger migration and toxicity, and was more easier to be absorbed and enriched than other elements by some crops (e.g., vegetables, rice), and being at a relatively higher potential ecological risk in soil.     

模拟氮沉降对中亚热带森林土壤Ni、Cu、Zn含量的影响

通过野外模拟实验,研究3个氮沉降水平,CK(对照,0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)、LN(低氮,30 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)和HN(高氮,100 kg·hm^-2·a^-1)处理对亚热带针叶(杉木)和阔叶(罗浮栲、浙江桂)森林土壤中微量元素Ni、Cu、Zn含量的影响。结果表明:就不同的林分来看,3种微量元素的含量大致呈杉木林>罗浮栲林>浙江桂林,施氮3 d后,浙江桂林和罗浮栲林土壤中3种微量元素在各处理之间差异不显著,仅发现杉木林土壤中的Ni含量在CK处理与LN及HN处理之间和无凋落物土壤中Cu含量在HN与CK及LN之间的差异显著; 3片林分中土壤表面有无凋落物处理总体对3种微量元素含量的影响不大。与施氮前相比,3片林分土壤中的Ni、Cu、Zn含量均有所下降,且浙江桂林在LN处理的降幅最大。     

Trace metal content in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa: Differential accumulation in plant organs

Differences in the accumulation of seven metallic elements, including micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and non-essential elements (Cd and Pb) among plant organs (leaves, roots and rhizomes) were examined in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Samples were taken from two coastal bays (Catalonia, Western Mediterranean), with a total of nine sampling sites encompassing different levels of metal availability. Metal content was generally higher in uptake organs (leaves and roots) than in rhizomes. However, accumulation in leaves and roots varied between elements. While Cd, Mn and Zn preferentially accumulate in leaves, Fe and Pb accumulate in roots and Cu and Ni in both. There were common spatial (between sites) trends in Cd, Mn, Cu and Zn accumulation in the three organs. However, these spatial trends varied according to the organ considered in the case of Fe, Pb, and Ni. Therefore, assessment of within-plant variability is strongly recommended prior to the use of C. nodosa for biomonitoring purposes, at least for Fe, Pb, and Ni.     

The Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Based on Trace Element Contents in Hair and a Classifier of Boosting Decision Stumps

The early discovery of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is crucial for performing successful treatments. This study aims at exploring the feasibility of Adaboost (ensemble from machining learning) using decision stumps as weak classifier, combined with trace element analysis of hair, for accurately predicting early CVD. A total of 124 hair samples composed of two groups of samples (one is healthy group from 100 healthy persons aged 24–72 while the other is patient group from 24 cardiovascular disease patients aged 36–81) were used. Nine kinds of trace elements, i.e., chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and nickel (Ni), were selected. In a preliminary analysis, no obvious linear correlations between elements can be observed and the concentration of Cr, Fe, Al, Cd, Ni, or Se for healthy group is higher than that for patient group while the opposite is true for Mn, Cu, or Zn, indicating that both low Se/Fe and high Mn/Cu can be identified as major risk factors. Based on the proposed approach, the final ensemble classifier, constructed on the training set and contained only four decision stumps, achieved an overall identification accuracy of 95.2%, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% on the independent test set. The results suggested that integrating Adaboost and trace element analysis of hair sample can serve as a useful tool of diagnosing CVD in clinical practice.     

浙江油茶产地土壤和果实金属元素含量特征

为探讨油茶(Camellia oleifera)产地土壤和油茶果实中金属元素分布和富集特征,在油茶果实成熟期,对浙江5个油茶产地土壤及油茶果实中金属元素进行污染分析和富集能力评价.结果表明,浙江油茶产地土壤中Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg、Ni、Cu和Zn含量低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,综合污染等级为安全.个别产区常山...