相思豆毒蛋白的提取及毒理作用研究

目的:探索相思豆毒蛋白的最佳提取条件、蛋白含量、等电点及对动物的毒理作用. 方法:经pH 7.2磷酸缓冲液提取、浓度为30%、50%硫酸铵分级沉淀及甘油透析处理,从去壳相 思豆种子中提取得到相思豆毒蛋白,福林酚法测定蛋白含量,等电聚焦法测定相思豆毒蛋白等电点,小白鼠和家兔灌胃实验研究其毒理作用.结果:从去壳相思豆中 分离提取得到相思豆毒蛋白;相思豆毒蛋白的等电点为6.10和6.24.动物实验表明该毒蛋白对小白鼠、家兔具 有毒性.结论:磷酸缓冲液法是相思豆毒蛋白适宜的提取途径,相思豆毒蛋白对动物具有毒性.     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆及结构分析

应用PCR技术,从产气荚膜梭菌菌株NCTC64609中,扩增出A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因C端片段(cpa408),并将其克隆至pMDl8-T载体中．经转化,α互补蓝白菌落选择培养,提取质粒,进行PCR和Eco RⅠ、PstⅠ双酶切鉴定,筛选出阳性重组克隆．经核苷酸序列分析证实,cpa408基因阅读开放框架由372个核苷酸组成,编码124个氨基酸．经计算机分析,cpa408基因序列与国外文献报道的A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因C端片段同源性达99％以上,表明所克隆的基因即为α毒素基因C端片段．     

烟草野火病毒素的抗性基因的克隆及序列分析

在云南省玉溪、嵩明等地感染烟草野火病的病株上,分离到致病力不同的烟草野火病病原菌,分别提取致病力较强菌株和较弱菌株的染色体为模板,设计和合成烟草野火病毒素的抗性基因（ｔｒ）功能片段两端的引物,扩增出强毒株与弱毒株的５５４ｂｐ片段,与ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体连接,转化大肠杆菌,提取筛选的阳性克隆子的质粒,酶切分析证实为５５４ｂｐ的片段。进一步测定强毒株与弱毒株两片段的ＤＮＡ序列,分析表明两菌株的克隆片段ＤＮＡ序列无差异,且与文献报道的ｔｒ序列完全一致,说明ｔｒ的序列与菌株的毒力强弱无关     

μ芋螺毒素基因的串联表达

芋螺毒素是一类小分子多肽,专性作用于生物系统的离子通道及其它神经递质。针对自然产芋螺毒素产量小、采集、提取困难等因素,采用基因表达的方法,将μ-芋螺毒素基因进行串联,在大肠杆菌中得到了有效地表达。     

MTT法测定眼镜蛇毒细胞毒素的抗癌活性

目的测定眼镜蛇毒细胞毒素（Ｃｏｂｒａｖｅｎｏｍｃｙｔｏｔｏｘｉｎ,ＣＶ－ＣＴＸ）对体外培养的人癌细胞的杀伤作用。方法溴化二苯四偶氮盐（ＭＴＴ）比色法。结果ＣＶ－ＣＴＸ对ＳＧＣ－７９０１,Ｂｅｌ－７４０２,Ｋ５６２和Ｕ９３７４种人癌细胞有很强的杀伤作用,量效关系明显,ＩＣ５０分别为４．１０,２．０８,０．２９和０．１７μｇ／ｍｌ。结论ＭＴＴ法检测ＣＶ－ＣＴＸ的抗癌活性,操作简便、快速和准确。     

利用炭疽杆菌毒素的细胞受体克隆防毒

Ｎａｔｕｒｅ 2 0 0 1年 4 14卷 6 86 0期 2 2 5～ 2 2 9页报道 :炭疽杆菌 (Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓａｎｔｈｒａｃｉｓ)分泌的三联毒素可侵犯宿主的免疫系统 ,使宿主在全身感染后死亡。在这三种毒素中 ,有两种毒素可通过酶促作用损害哺乳动物细胞液内的底物。其中 ,水肿因子是一种腺苷酸环化酶 ,可通过多种机理包括抑制吞噬作用 ,损害宿主的防御能力 ;致死因子 (ＬＦ)是一种依赖于锌的蛋白酶 ,可裂解巨噬细胞。第三种因子 (毒素 )称为保护抗原 (ＰＡ) ,可结合于细胞受体 ,并将酶促组分提供给细胞液。最近 ,美国威斯康星大学的科学家Ｋｅｎｎｅｔ…     

毒蘑菇毒素及其毒性机理

毒蘑菇毒素及其毒性机理丁彦怀（辽宁大学生物系微生物室沈阳１１００３６）毒蘑菇指对人和其它动物有毒的一类高等担子菌。我国已发现有１９０余种毒蘑菇￣［１,２］。一种毒蘑菇常含有多种毒素,一种毒素又经常存在于多种蘑菇中。一种毒蘑菇含有的毒素的种类和多少,又...     

幽门螺杆菌空泡毒素研究进展

空泡毒素是让螺杆菌产生的一种分泌性蛋白,在体外可引起真核细胞引起真核细胞形成空泡,在体内可损害胃上皮细胞进而导致办上皮发生溃疡化病变。近几年,尤其是１９９４年以来,对空泡毒结构、毒性及其基因的研究进展很快。本文即对空泡毒素的结构和毒性的研究进展作一综述。     

Cholera toxin B-subunit protects mammalian cells from ricin and abrin toxicity

The glycoproteins ricin and abrin intoxicate cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. Pretreatment of HeLa cells with cholera toxin partially protects them from ricin and abrin activity. The involvement in this phenomenon of the various effects of cholera toxin, namely, redistribution of membrane receptors elicited from protomer B and increasing cyclic AMP concentrations induced by protomer A, were studied. Substances able to enhance cyclic AMP concentrations do not affect ricin and abrin activity, while protomer B alone protects cells. In addition, the effects of several lectins on ricin or abrin toxicity were examined. Almost complete prevention of ricin or abrin activity was obtained using concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Conversely, neither succinyl Con A nor Ulex europeus agglutinin (UEA) affected the cellular response. Both protomer B of cholera toxin and Con A did not alter the binding of ricin or abrin; they seem to protect cells by altering membrane structure.     

Purification of immunotoxins containing ricin A-chain and abrin A-chain using Blue Sepharose CL-6B

We describe a method for separating antibody from immunotoxins by affinity chromatography on Cibacron blue F3GA coupled to Sepharose (Blue Sepharose). The antibody did not bind to the gel. The immunotoxins were bound by their ricin A-chain or abrin A-chain moiety and could be recovered in high yield and purity using mild elution conditions. The method is suitable for the large-scale purification of immunotoxins.     

RAP—PCXR技术及其应用

RAP－PCXR是以PCR为基础构建RNA指纹图谱,研究基因差异表达的有效方法,所显示的种系特异性差异可用于对基因的遗传作图,所揭示的组织特异性可用于研究特异基因的表达。该法可检测各种情形下RNA群体间的差异。本简介其基本原理及在基因差异表达研究领域的最新应用。     

生物信息学在发现新基因方面的应用

自生物信息学作为一门交叉学科诞生以来,其在计算机、农业和生命科学等各方面发挥了重要的作用,在后基因组时代,更是成为发现新基因的重要手段。对生物信息学的概况做了回顾与展望,并简述了生物信息学近年在发现新基因方面所取得的成果。     

肽库及其在分子识别中的应用

肽库(peptide library)是利用基因克隆技术将合成的一组寡核苷酸混合物（小肽基因混合物）克隆至线性噬菌体基因组中,使之以融合蛋白的形式在噬菌体的外壳蛋白（Ⅲ或Ⅷ）的氨基端表达.肽库技术可以应用于与分子识别有关的许多领域,如：药物设计,疫苗设计,酶的抑制剂的筛选,蛋白质间的相互作用的研究等等.这是一项新兴的具有很高的实用价值和理论价值的技术.文中综述了其产生、发展和未来的应用前景.     

T-DNA标签在植物基因克隆和功能分析中的应用

在植物功能基因组学的研究中,插入突变已成为迅速识别和研究标签基因的一个有效遗传工具.本文介绍了T-DNA标签的概念及应用前提,详细论述了T-DNA标签在大规模植物基因功能分析中的应用以及使用启动子和增强子诱捕技术分离时空特异性启动子和表达基因,另外还分析了利用其特殊形式激活标签进行基因克隆和功能分析的优越性,并展望了T-DNA标签的应用前景.     

Applications of microelectroporation for studies of chick embryogenesis

A technique by which genes can be introduced into the cells and tissues of developing embryos has great potential for studying the roles of genes during vertebrate embryogenesis. The 'microelectroporation' technique, in which DNA is introduced into cells within a restricted area of developing chick embryos with high reproducibility, was developed by the authors. In this review, the advantages and applications of this microelectroporation technique for developmental studies and functional analysis of genes in chick embryos is discussed.     

Properties and action mechanism of the toxic lectin modeccin: Interaction with cell lines resistant to modeccin,abrin, and ricin

The toxic lectin modeccin, which inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, is cleaved upon treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol into two peptide chains which move in polyacrylamide gels at rates corresponding to molecular weights 28,000 and 38,000. After reduction, the toxin loses its effect on cells, while its ability to inhibit cell-free protein synthesis increases. Like abrin and ricin it inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating the 60S ribosomal subunits. Modeccin binds to surface receptors containing terminal galactose residues. Competition experiments with various glycoproteins indicate that the modeccin receptors are different from the abrin receptors. In addition, they were present on HeLa cells in much smaller numbers. Moreover, mutant lines resistant to abrin and ricin were not resistant to modeccin and vice-versa. The toxin resistance of various mutant cell lines could not be accounted for by a reduced number of binding sites on cells. The data are consistent with the view that the cells possesss different populations of binding sites with differences in ability to facilitate the uptake of the toxins and that in the resistant lines the most active receptors have been reduced or eliminated.     

肽抗生素及其基因工程研究

抗生素的滥用带来严重的病菌抗药性问题。肽抗生素能杀死多种微生物及特异性杀死癌细胞,通过穿膜打洞的方式使细胞死亡,不会导致抗药菌株的产生。从昆虫及高等动物中分离纯化了许多种类的肽抗生素,寻找到一些杀菌和杀癌细胞能力强的种类。由于分离天然产物产量极微,采用人工合成则成本太高,科研人员致力于用基因克隆与表达的技术研究与开发肽抗生素。     

Applications of integrative OMICs approaches to gene regulation studies

Background: Functional genomics employs dozens of OMICs technologies to explore the functions of DNA, RNA and protein regulators in gene regulation processes. Despite each of these technologies being powerful tools on their own, like the parable of blind men and an elephant, any one single technology has a limited ability to depict the complex regulatory system. Integrative OMICS approaches have emerged and become an important area in biology and medicine. It provides a precise and effective way to study gene regulations.Results: This article reviews current popular OMICs technologies, OMICs data integration strategies, and bioinformatics tools used for multi-dimensional data integration. We highlight the advantages of these methods, particularly in elucidating molecular basis of biological regulatory mechanisms. Conclusions: To better understand the complexity of biological processes, we need powerful bioinformatics tools to integrate these OMICs data. Integrating multi-dimensional OMICs data will generate novel insights into system-level gene regulations and serves as a foundation for further hypothesis-driven research.