新疆棘豆属植物新资料

对野外采集的新疆棘豆属植物以及标本进行鉴定分析,结果表明:马尔洋黑毛棘豆是新变种,白花米尔克棘豆、白花冷棘豆、白花二裂棘豆、白花庞氏棘豆和白花小叶棘豆是5个新变型.短梗棘豆、长翼棘豆、鸟状棘豆和长苞黄花棘豆是新疆地理分布新记录.并对新变种马尔洋黑毛棘豆和长翼棘豆的果期特征进行了描述.     

新疆棘豆属棘豆组的修订

通过对大量标本和文献的研究,并结合野外居群的观察分析,澄清了《中国植物志》棘豆组中存在的分类学问题,对新疆棘豆属棘豆组植物的分类进行修订,确认产于新疆的棘豆属棘豆组植物8种、1变型,并重新编制了新疆棘豆属棘豆组的分种检索表,以及各种的分类学处理及地理分布.研究结果表明:少花棘豆归并在宽瓣棘豆中,其中少花棘豆为新异名;冰河棘豆应改为球花棘豆;冰川棘豆的学名更正为Oxytropis proboscidea;将黑萼棘豆并入长茎棘豆组中.此外,棘豆组增加了3个类群:等瓣棘豆、伊朗棘豆和奇台棘豆,其中等瓣棘豆和伊朗棘豆为新疆新记录种,白花球花棘豆为新变型.     

棘豆属（豆科）一新组

记载了棘豆属一新组。目前该组包括二个种,它们是：黄穗棘豆和绿黄棘豆。过去,国内的学都将黄毛棘豆与黄穗棘豆等同。而文中作者认为黄毛棘豆是黄穗棘豆的一个变种。另外异色黄毛棘豆被作为变种处理。绿黄棘豆是一个中国新分布种。     

中国棘豆属（豆科）二新记录种

报道了中国棘豆属二新记录种——黄绿花棘豆和丛棘豆。黄绿花棘豆主要分布于蒙古国,丛棘豆主要分布于蒙古国和俄罗斯,在中国为首次记录。文中凭证标本存放于内蒙古大学植物标本馆(HIMC)。     

一种游仆虫棘毛基部纤维的形态及其在形态发生过程中的演化

游仆虫皮层棘毛基部纤维包括纵纤维、前纵纤维和放射纤维:额腹棘毛基部后纵纤维一般长而粗大,前纵纤维次之,放射纤维较细小;横棘毛基部前纵纤维几乎纵贯额腹横棘毛区皮层,而放射纤维较为细小;尾棘毛基部仅与一类更为细小的放射纤维相联系。不同额腹棘毛基部的同种纤维大小、形态不尽一致,各种纤维由棘毛基部区向皮层细胞质多个方向伸展,表现出极性和不对称性。并且额腹横棘毛基部纤维相互交联在一起,导致这一皮层区域形成强大的棘毛基部纤维网络。 游仆虫形态发生中,横棘毛原基向皮层裂口上方伸出一束粗大的纤毛芽时,先后发生模棘毛原基前纵纤维芽、额腹棘毛原基后纵纤维芽,以及这些棘毛原基放射纤维芽。纤维芽的发育顺序是从左列棘毛原基开始,到右侧的棘毛原基。这种纤维物质生长的顺序性,与新棘毛原基的发生和分化是相一致的。并且额腹棘毛基部后纵纤维和横棘毛基部前纵纤维形成中显示出极性和方向性,纤维物质生长伸长的方向与相应的新棘毛迁移方向相反。 老棘毛基部纤维在游仆虫形态发生过程中必然要退化。我们推测,其瓦解过程与细胞分化中老棘毛逐渐失去功能是有联系的。     

基于5.8SrDNA/ITS序列的内蒙古棘豆属植物分子系统学分析

对12种34个地理种群的内蒙古棘豆属植物核糖体ITS区段和5.8S基因序列进行比较分析,并采用Maximum Likelihood法构建系统发育树.结果表明:支持棘豆属植物为单系起源,支持《内蒙古植物志》将黄毛棘豆(Oxytropis ochrantha)、多叶棘豆(O.verticillaris)、二色棘豆(O.bicolor)和砂珍棘豆(O.racemosa)归入真棘豆亚属(Subgen.Euoxytropis)轮叶棘豆组(Sect.Baicalia Stell.ex Bunge)的观点.推测多叶棘豆和砂珍棘豆ITS2区段出现的C/T转换可能是其部分种群混杂在其他物种中的主要原因,但基因转换对于系统发育的影响仍尚未可知.研究不支持传统分类学上对鳞萼棘豆(O.squammulosa)与刺叶柄棘豆(O.aci ph ylla)的划分,系统发育树显示二者聚为一支,而非与传统分类学上界定的同组或同亚属植物形成一支;结合植物地理学研究结果,认为刺叶柄棘豆与鳞萼棘豆为地理替代种.推测刺叶柄棘豆可能为多系起源物种.线叶棘豆(O.fili formis)和东北棘豆(O.coerulea与真棘豆亚属物种构成姐妹群,而非单室棘豆亚属植物.研究认为在物种界定过程中,只将少数几个形态学特征作为主要分类依据欠妥.     

刘氏棘蛙的分类修订

采集了云南宁蒗和四川盐源县交界泸沽湖的刘氏棘蛙Paa liui地模标本进行形态学研究,并与形态上相似的双团棘胸蛙P. yunnanensis、多疣棘蛙P.verrucospinosa、察隅棘蛙P. chayuensis开展分子生物学研究,结果表明:刘氏棘蛙作为一个独立物种不存在,分布于泸沽湖的刘氏棘蛙为双团棘胸蛙的一个地理居群,应作为双团棘胸蛙的同物异名进行归并.     

寒武纪幸运期西乡化石库棘盔状化石研究

本文对产自陕南西乡化石库的棘盔状化石进行了统计和描述,对棘盔属的属种划分进行了重新厘定。单锥形的棘盔状化石同带有多个分枝复合体的棘盔状化石的断枝在尺寸、形态和表面装饰等方面存在较大差异,因此我们把这两类具有明显不同特征的棘盔状化石归入不同的种,将单锥形、表面具有密集直刺等特征的一类归入直刺棘盔Acanthocassis orthacanthus,将分枝数量不定的多分枝复合体归入具刺棘盔Acanthocassis echinate。通过进一步的测量分析,在A.echinate种内,发现其表面装饰也存在差异。本文展示的棘盔状化石新特征丰富了对棘盔状化石的认识,为进一步探讨棘盔状化石的亲缘关系和分类提供了新的材料。     

中国侧棘斑蚜属分亚属研究及五新纪录亚属(同翅目:蚜科:角斑蚜亚科)

研究认为中国侧棘斑蚜属Tuberculatus Mordvilko,1894蚜虫有7个亚属,刺棘斑蚜亚属Acanthocallis Matsumura 1917,东方棘斑蚜亚属Orientuberculoides Hille Ris Lambers,1974,针棘斑蚜亚属Acanthotuberculatus Quednau,1999,阿棘斑蚜亚属Arakawana Matsumura ,1917,日本棘斑蚜亚属Nippocallis Matsumura,1917,中日棘斑蚜亚属Nippotuberculatus Quednan,1999和肖棘斑蚜亚属Tuberculoides van der Goot,1915。给出分亚属检索素,并记述5个中国新纪录亚属和一个新纪录种环肖棘斑蚜Tuberculatus(Tuhberculoides)annulatus(Hartig 1841),研究标本存放在中国科学院动物所动物标本馆。     

云南棘蝇属二新种 (双翅目:蝇科)

报道云南省蝇科棘蝇属Phaonia R.D2种,分别命名为滇西棘蝇Phaonia dianxiia sp.nov.和极乐棘蝇Phaonia paradisia sp.nov.,均隶属于仿游荡棘蝇种团P.simulans-group中的褐基棘绳亚种团P.fuscicoxa-subgroup。模式标本保存于沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

Tegumental ultrastructures of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages

The present study was performed to observe tegumental ultrastructure of Echinoparyphium recurvatum according to developmental stages. Worms (1, 3, 5 and 15-day old) were recovered from chicks experimentally infected with metacercariae from Radix auricularia coreana. One-day old worms were elongated and ventrally concave, and covered with peg-like tegumental spines except the adjacent areas of the head crown and excretory pore. Type I sensory papillae were distributed on the lip of the oral sucker, and grouped ciliated papillae were around the oral sucker. Peg-like tegumental spines were densely distributed on the anterior surface of the ventral sucker level. The ventral sucker had an aspinous tegument and no sensory papillae. Tegumental spines on the posterior surface of the ventral sucker level were sparsely distributed and disappeared posteriorly. In 3 and 5-day old worms, the tegument around the oral sucker was aspinose and wrinkled concentrically. The ventral sucker had a wrinkled tegument and many bulbous papillae. Type I sensory papillae were distributed between the bulbous papillae. Tegumental spines were spade-shaped with a terminal tip. A total of 45 collar spines including 4 end group ones on both ventral corners was alternately arranged in 2 rows. The 15-day old worms were very stout and their tegumental spines were tongue-shaped without a terminal tip. From the above results, it is confirmed that the surface ultrastructure of E. recurvatum was generally similar to that of other echinostomatid flukes. However, some features, i.e., morphological change of tegumental spines and appearance of sensory papillae on the ventral sucker according to development, and number, shape and arrangement of collar spines, were characteristic, which may be of taxonomic and bioecological significance.     

Tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Echinostoma cinetorchis]

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Echinostoma cinetorchis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three-day (juvenile) and 16-day (adult) worms were harvested from rats (Sprague-Dawley) experimentally fed the metacercariae from the laboratory-infected fresh water snail, Hippeutis cantori. The worms were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, processed routinely, and observed by an ISI Korea DS-130 scanning electron microscope. The 3-day old juvenile worms were elongated and ventrally curved, with their ventral sucker near the anterior two-fifths of the body. The head crown was bearing 37-38 collar spines arranged in a zigzag pattern. The lips of the oral and ventral suckers had 8 and 5 type II sensory papillae respectively, and between the spines, a few type III papillae were observed. Tongue or spade-shape spines were distributed anteriorly to the ventral sucker, whereas peg-like spines were distributed posteriorly and became sparse toward the posterior body. The spines of the dorsal surface were similar to those of the ventral surface. The 16-day old adults were leaf-like, and their oral and ventral suckers were located very closely. Aspinous head crown, oral and ventral suckers had type II and type III sensory papillae, and numerous type I papillae were distributed on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker. Scale-like spines, with broad base and round tip, were distributed densely on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker but they became sparse posteriorly. At the dorsal surface, spines were observed at times only at the anterior body. The results showed that the tegument of E. cinetorchis is similar to that of other echinostomes, but differs in the number and arrangement of collar spines, shape and distribution of tegumenal spines, and type and distribution of sensory papillae.     

Tegumental ultrastructure of the juvenile and adult Himasthla alincia (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Himasthla alincia (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. One-, 5- (juveniles) and 20-day-old worms (adults) were harvested from chicks experimentally fed metacercariae from a bivalve, Mactra veneriformis. The juvenile worms were elongated and curved ventrally. The head crown bore 31 collar spines, arranged in a single row. The lip of the oral sucker had 12 paired, and 3 single type I sensory papillae, and the ventral sucker had about 25 type II sensory papillae. The anterolateral surface between the two suckers was densely packed with tegumental spines with 4-7 pointed tips. The adult worms were more elongated and filamentous, and had severe transverse folds over the whole body surface. On the head crown and two suckers, type I and II sensory papillae were more densely distributed than in the juvenile worms. Retractile brush-like spines, with 8-10 digits, were seen on the anterolateral surface, whereas claw-shaped spines, with 2-5 digits, were sparsely distributed posteriorly to the ventral sucker. The cirrus characteristically protruded out, and was armed with small spines distally. The surface ultrastructure of H. alincia was shown to be unique among echinostomes, especially in the digitation of its tegumental spines, the distribution of sensory papillae and by severe folds of the tegument.     

Tegumental ultrastructures of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis according to the developmental stages

A scanning electron microscopic study was performed to observe the tegumental ultrastructures of Paragonimus iloktsuenensis according to its developmental stages. The metacercariae were obtained from the liver of the brackish water crab, Sesarma dehaani. Juvenile and adult P. iloktsuenensis were recovered from the experimental rats on 2, 4 and 8 weeks after infection. The findings were summarized as follows: 1. The excysted metacercariae were characteristically gourd-shape, with their whole body surface beset with numerous spade-shape spines. The large, type II sensory papillae (non-ciliated round swellings) were arranged along the rim of the oral and ventral suckers, 11-12 and 6-8 in numbers respectively. 2. Two-week old juvenile worms, recovered chiefly from the liver of the experimental rats, were slender in body shape, with their ventral sucker near the anterior one-third level. The distribution of tegumental spines was less dense than in the excysted metacercariae. The spines were with 1-2 pointed tips and 3-4 longitudinal splits. Numerous ciliated knob-like, type I papillae were observed in both sides of the oral sucker, and 6 large, type II papillae were arranged along the rim of the ventral sucker. 3. Four-week old worms, recovered from the thoracic cavity and/or lung parenchyme of the experimental rats, were thicker than wide in body configuration, and their ventral sucker was located near the anterior one-fourth level. The tegumental spines at ventral surface were grouped, each group with 3-5 aggregated ones. The type I and type II papillae (small-sized) were distributed chiefly around the rim of two suckers. 4. Adult (eight-week old) worms, recovered from the capsules in the lung parenchyme, were very stout, and covered densely with bearfoot-like spines. At dorsal surface, cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes were well-developed, with many tegumental spines embedded in them. It was observed in this study that the tegument of P. iloktsuenesis continued to change and differentiate as the worms grew to be adults.     

Surface ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Acanthoparyphium tyosenense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Acanthoparyphium tyosenense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. One- to 3-day-old juveniles and 10-day-old adults were harvested from chicks experimentally fed metacercariae from a bivalve, Mactra veneriformis. The juvenile worms were minute, curved ventrally, and had 23 collar spines characteristically arranged in a single row. The lips of the oral sucker had 7 single aciliated sensory papillae and 4 grouped uniciliated sensory papillae. The ventral sucker had 25 aciliated round swellings on its lip. The anterolateral surface between the 2 suckers was densely packed with tongue-shaped tegumental spines, and the ventral surface just posterior to the ventral sucker was covered with peg-like spines. Retractile, peg-like spines were seen on the anterolateral surface, whereas scale-like spines with round tips and broad bases were sparsely distributed posterior to the ventral sucker. The cirrus was characteristically protruding and armed with minute spines. The surface ultrastructure of A. tyosenense was unique, especially in the number and arrangement of collar spines, shape, and distribution of tegumental spines and in distribution of sensory papillae.     

Surface ultrastructure of the tegument of Clonorchis sinensis newly excysted juveniles and adult worms.

The tegumental structures of newly excysted juveniles and adult worms of Clonorchis sinensis were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. After excystation the juvenile's tegumental surface is characterized by knoblike protuberances and is armed almost entirely with numerous rows of small spines encircling the body. These spines are double- or triple-pointed on the anterior portion of the body and become single-pointed posteriorly. Four types of presumed sensory structures were observed as follow: A) ciliated knoblike papillae and B) nonciliated platelike papillae, both of which are arranged in rougly a bilaterally symmetrical pattern dorsally, ventrally, and laterally; C) rounded swellings of nonciliated papillae on the lips of the ventral and oral suckers, which are characterized in the transmission electron microscope by a rounded dense body in the apical bulb; and D) a sensory receptor with a bulbous projection having the appearance of a modified cilium, which was not found with SEM likely owing to its being enclosed by an extension of the tegument. In full-grown adult worms, the tegumental surface is knobbed or lobulated in various forms without surface spines. The tegumental structures in the adults appear to be clearly differentiated from those in the juveniles. Upraised, buttonlike papillae, each topped by a short cilium, which are similar to the Type A papillae in the juveniles, are distributed thickly around the oral and ventral suckers, and are rather randomly scattered over the remainder of the body. Some nonciliated swollen papillae were found on the lip of the ventral sucker.     

Surface ultrastructure of Heterophyes nocens (Trematoda: Heterophyidae).

The surface ultrastructure of Heterophyes nocens (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The adult worms were recovered from experimentally infected cats and from a naturally infected patient. They were leaf-like, ventrally concave, and ovoid or pyriform in shape. Ciliated knob-like sensory papillae (type I) were observed in single or grouped forms on and around the oral sucker, whereas non-ciliated round swellings (type II papillae) were seen on the lip of the ventral sucker. The tegumental spines around the oral sucker were 5-9 pointed, whereas those between the two suckers were 12-17 pointed. Ventrolaterally, three groups of 5-6 type I papillae were located between the oral and ventral suckers, with single ones alternating between them. The genital sucker was protruded or depressed, depending on the contraction state of the flukes, and the gonotyl spine number ranged 50-60. The number of tip points of tegumental spines was decreased posteriorly; finally they became 1-3 pointed. On the dorsal surface, 4 groups of 4-5 type I papillae were symmetrically located on both lateral sides, and the shape and distribution of tegumental spines were similar to those of the ventral surface. Although the tegumental ultrastructure of H. nocens was generally similar to those of other heterophyids, the genital sucker morphology including the number of gonotyl spines and/or the distribution pattern of tegumental spines and sensory papillae were suggested to be the characteristic features of H. nocens.     

Surface ultrastructure of the plagiorchid trematode Glossidium pedatum Looss, 1899 from bagrid fish in Egypt

The present study concerned the morphology and surface ultrastructure of a plagiorchid, Glossidium pedatum, from bagrid fish of the river Nile in Egypt. Adult G. pedatum have an elongate body, tapered towards the anterior and posterior ends. Their oral sucker is small, sub‐terminal and rounded, measuring 0.200 mm in diameter. Sensory papillae around the oral sucker usually occur in small clusters of three to eight each. The ventral sucker is large, situated at the anterior end of the second third of the body, 0.299 mm in diameter, and is surrounded by three pairs of sensory papillae. Both suckers have rounded rims covered by tegumental spines. On the anterior part of the ventral surface of the body tegumental spines are small, pointed and closely spaced. A small triangular area of tegument anterior to the ventral sucker is devoid of spines. Tegumental spines on the mid‐region of the body slightly increase in size and number, especially towards the lateral aspects and posterior to the ventral sucker. Towards the posterior end of the body the spines progressively decrease in both size and number. The dorsal side exhibits similar surface features but the spines are less numerous and slightly smaller.     

Surface ultrastructure of the developmental stages of Heterophyopsis continua (Trematoda: Heterophyidae).

Ultrastructural observations were made on the tegument of juvenile and adult stages of Heterophyopsis continua using scanning electron microscopy. On the surface posterior to the ventral sucker, the tegumental processes were bandlike in the metacercariae, cobblestonelike in the flukes 2 days postinfection (PI), and velvety at 3 days PI. The anterior surface between the oral and ventral suckers of the metacercariae was packed densely with tegumental spines having a 10- to 14-pointed tip. In flukes 6 days PI, the number of points increased to 15-17. The tegumental spines immediately behind the ventral sucker on the metacercariae surface possessed 5-7 points; posteriorly the points were reduced in size and in number. Ciliate sensory papillae (type I), as single or clumped forms of 2 or 3, were abundant around the oral and ventral suckers of metacercaria and adult worms. The clumped papillae appeared bilaterally symmetrical on the dorsal and ventral surfaces. The ciliate papillae may function in tango-, rheo-, and/or chemoreception. On the lip of the ventral sucker, 6-7 aciliate domed papillae (type II) were arranged in an equidistant manner. At 2 days PI each type II papilla became a clumped form having 2 or 3 papillae. Type II papillae may function as tango- and/or pressure-receptors. The structure and distribution of papillae suggest that the ventral sucker likely functions as a holdfast organ and the oral sucker as a probing organ involved in feeding.     

Ultrastructural features of the tegumental surface of a new metacercaria, Nematostrigea sp. (Trematoda: Strigeidae), with a search for potential taxonomically informative characters

The tegumental surface of a new strigeid metacercaria, Nematostrigea sp., which is a parasite of the freshwater fish Channa gachua (Hamilton) in central Vietnam, is described for the first time using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. In addition to the general tegumental surface in various parts of the body, details of the surface of the suckers, lappets and holdfast organ are presented, as are variations in the form and distribution of the body spines. As good taxonomic criteria are few in diplostomoid metacercariae at both specific and generic levels, a number of the ultrastructural features revealed may prove to represent taxonomically informative characters. These include the presence of: two rings of dome-shaped papillae localised at different levels on the rim of the oral sucker, a single ring of ciliated papillae on the inner margin of the ventral sucker and a band of dome-shaped papillae along the lateral margins of the broad body-fold in the ventral forebody; an unarmed oral sucker and anteroventral surface of the forebody, although the latter bears protuberant secretory pores; an armed ventral sucker covered by six-pointed spines, except on its rim; multi-pointed spines along the dorsal and ventral sides of the forebody, with the number of their teeth increasing posteriorly; multi-pointed spines on the forebody which gradually transform into single-pointed, more widely distributed spines on the hindbody, disappearing completely at posterior end of the body; the surface of the lappets with a particular distribution of pores leading to three types of secretory glands and three topographical modifications (areas where the surface is smooth, bears digitiform processes or bears recurved, dagger-shaped spines); and the surface of the holdfast organ which is covered with densely packed, straight or slightly curved, simple spines on its lateral surface but is smooth medially.