海藻酸微囊替代DMSO和FBS的STO细胞冷冻保存研究

目的:改进现有的细胞冷冻保存方法,建立一个不含二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和血清(FBS)的高效冷冻保存方法,为细胞治疗等临床实践提供优质细胞.方法:海藻酸微囊包埋鼠胚成纤维细胞(STO细胞)后用不含DMSO和FBS的冷冻保存液进行冷冻保存.设四个对照组:添加10％DMSO和20％FBS的组、仅添加10％DMSO的组、仅添加20％FBS、DMSO和FBS均不添加组.在冷冻前后对各实验组细胞用台盼兰染色,进行细胞计数,计算细胞存活率,同时利用溴乙锭的二聚物(EthD)、钙黄绿素-AM(Calcein-AM)进行染色观察细胞的形态,且进一步验证细胞存活率;解冻复苏后用MTT法评估细胞的增殖速度和生长活力.结果:冷冻保存30天后对各组的细胞数量、细胞存活率、细胞形态和解冻复苏后细胞的生长活力进行比较发现,海藻酸微囊包埋冷冻组的细胞数、细胞存活率、细胞形态和生长活力均与添加DMSO和FBS的组之间无显著性差异,而与其它三个对照组呈显著性差异.结论:使用海藻酸微囊替代DMSO和FBS保存STO细胞,能有效的维持细胞形态、数量、存活率,同时不影响细胞的生长活力,从而建立了一个不含DMSO和FBS的高效冷冻保存方法.     

海藻酸微囊替代DMSO和FBS的STO细胞冷冻保存研穷

目的：改进现有的细胞冷冻保存方法,建立一个不舍二甲基亚砜（DMSO）和血清（FBS）的高效冷冻保存方法,为细胞治疗等临床实践提供优质细胞。方法：海藻酸微囊包埋鼠胚成纤维细胞（STO细胞）后用不含DMSO和FBS的冷冻保存液进行冷冻保存。,设四个对照组：添加10％DMSO和20％FBS的组、仅添加10％DMSO的组、仅添加20％FBS、DMSO和FBS均不添加组。在冷冻前后对各实验组细胞用台盼兰染色,进行细胞计数,计算细胞存活率,同时利用溴乙锭的二聚物（EthD）、钙黄绿素-AM（Calcein—AM）进行染色观察细胞的形态,且进一步验证细胞存活率;解冻复苏后用MTT法评估细胞的增殖速度和生长活力。结果：冷冻保存30天后对各组的细胞数量、细胞存活率、细胞形态和解冻复苏后细胞的生长活力进行比较发现,海藻酸微囊包埋冷冻组的细胞数、细胞存活率、细胞形态和生长活力均与添加DMSO和FBS的组之间无显著性差异,而与其它三个对照组呈显著性差异。结论：使用海藻酸微囊替代DMSO和FBS保存STO细胞,能有效的维持细胞形态、数量、存活率,同时不影响细胞的生长活力,从而建立了一个不含DMS0和FBS的高效冷冻保存方法。     

大鼠大脑皮质星形胶质细胞条件培养液促进小脑皮质神经元的生长

本研究从大鼠大脑皮质分离、纯化星形胶质细胞,再经培养后收集星形胶质细胞的无血清条件培养液。用盖玻片培养法与快速自动比色微量分析法研究了星形胶质细胞条件培养液对小脑皮质神经元生存以及神经元活力的影响。发现星形胶质细胞条件培养液能够明显提高小脑皮质神经元的体外存活率,增强神经元的活力。表明星形胶质细胞具有神经营养性作用。     

基于诺丽叶片愈伤组织的细胞悬浮系的建立

为通过诺丽叶片的细胞悬浮系来获得其次生代谢物。实验基于诱导的诺丽无菌苗叶片愈伤组织,改变液体培养基的激素组成、接种量以及在细胞悬浮培养过程中进行相关参数的测定以确定继代周期。液体培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L KT,最佳初始接种量为60 g/L;在14-22 d进入直线生长期,后缓慢增长,在第26天细胞数量达到峰值11.8×10~5个/mL后细胞数量下降;细胞活力最好出现在第21天,OD_(485)=1.8;初代细胞形态为不规则杆状细胞,在第6代呈规则小细胞团和圆球体;最佳继代周期22-26 d,诺丽叶片细胞悬浮培养液的细胞存活率为77.9%。实验建立了稳定的诺丽叶片细胞悬浮培养体系。     

基于电容测定的罗汉果细胞超低温保藏快速方法

建立了一种基于活细胞电容值定量测定的植物细胞超低温保藏的快速评价方法,优化了罗汉果细胞超低温保藏方法。通过采用活细胞传感仪测定冻存后细胞的存活率并结合细胞生活力(细胞线粒体活性/TTC)对罗汉果细胞的低温保藏过程进行优化,确定了罗汉果细胞较为适宜的冷冻保护剂组分为基本培养基中添加10%的蔗糖和10%的DMSO。预处理剂的考察实验表明,采用0.2 mol/L蔗糖的预处理剂处理细胞时冻存后细胞存活率和细胞活力较高;采用0.2 mol/L蔗糖预处理剂处理细胞时,随着预处理时间的增加,细胞存活率先增加后降低,预处理时间为9 h时,细胞存活率和细胞活力最高。保藏后的细胞复苏实验结果表明:细胞存活率与采用活细胞电容值得到的细胞存活率具有很好的一致性,同时经过冻存的细胞复苏培养后,仍保留了原始细胞的形态和合成甜苷V的特性,说明该冻存方法适用于罗汉果细胞的超低温保藏。因此基于活细胞传感仪测得的电容值进行细胞冻存过程细胞活性的快速评价方法具有较好的可行性和可靠性。     

一种无血清冻存液在猪胎儿成纤维细胞上的应用研究

在猪胎儿成纤维细胞(porcine fetal fibroblasts, PFF)冻存过程中,血清品质常常制约着细胞的冻存效果。为了解决这个问题,本研究旨在开发一种无血清冻存液应用于猪胎儿成纤维细胞冻存。用3种不同冻存液冻存猪胎儿成纤维细胞,每种冻存10管。冻存30 d后复苏细胞,测定冻存细胞存活率,细胞增殖活力以及电转后细胞活性。结果显示:自制无血清细胞冻存液,冻存猪胎儿成纤维细胞后存活率达95.33%;细胞增殖活力以及电转后细胞活性均显著高于标准胎牛血清冻存液(p<0.05),与特级胎牛血清冻存液效果相当(p>0.05)。因此,自制冻存液冻存猪胎儿成纤维细胞效果稳定,能够替代含血清冻存液,有良好的推广应用前景。     

用DNA介导的基因转移法提高XP细胞对紫外辐射损伤的修复能力

本文用两种DNA介导的基因转移法(DNA—磷酸钙共沉淀法和电脉冲刺激法),将具有切除修复功能的人HeLaS3细胞的DNA,植入切除修复缺陷的着色性干皮症(XP)细胞中。实验结果表明:植入HeLaS3 DNA后,可以部份恢复XP细胞DNA切除修复的功能,提高其对紫外线辐射损伤的抗性。表现为转化细胞在UV_(254)照射后存活率的显著升高和非周期DNA合成能力的增强。     

京尼平保护高糖诱导损伤小鼠胰岛MIN6细胞的机制

京尼平(genipin,Gen)是一种重要的抗氧化物,在细胞内抵抗氧化应激损伤过程中发挥重要的作用.为了探讨京尼平对高糖诱导损伤的小鼠胰岛MIN6细胞的影响,采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率.高糖损伤组细胞活力下降(P＜0.05),京尼平作用高糖损伤的细胞后,细胞活力增加(P＜0.05);小鼠胰岛素(insulin)检测...     

谷胱甘肽与富氢冻存液在鸡血细胞冻存中的保护作用

目的通过观察细胞冷冻复苏后的存活率及凋亡情况,探讨细胞冻存液中添加谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氢气(H_2)对细胞的保护作用。方法在冻存液中添加GSH和/或通入H_2后冻存鸡血细胞,1个月后复苏,采用台盼蓝拒染和MTT法分别检测细胞存活率与细胞活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率。结果 GSH、H_2或H_2+GSH处理使细胞活力明显提高,而早期凋亡率明显降低。结论谷胱甘肽与富氢冻存液对鸡血细胞冻存具有保护作用。     

ERK1/2信号通路对黄芪苷Ⅳ抗H_2O_2诱导H9c2细胞氧化损伤的作用

目的:研究黄芪苷Ⅳ(AST)是否通过细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)通路发挥对H2O2诱导的H9c2细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:用200μmol/L的H2O2处理细胞6 h,采用MTT法检测细胞存活率,建立H2O2诱导的H9c2细胞氧化损伤模型;比色法测定细胞培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量;Western blot检测H9c2细胞ERK1/2蛋白的磷酸化水平。结果:在H2O2浓度为200μmol/L作用6 h条件下,细胞存活率降低程度适中,实验结果重复性好,确定后续实验采用200μmol/L H2O2作用6 h建立模型。与H2O2组比较,10 mg/L及20 mg/L AST均显著提高细胞存活率(P<0.01),使细胞培养液中LDH活性显著降低(P<0.01),T-SOD及Mn-SOD活力显著提高(P<0.01),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01)。10 mg/L及20 mg/L AST均显著增加H2O2损伤的H9c2细胞p-ERK1/2蛋白的表达(P<0.01),当用PD98059(ERK1/2的抑制剂...     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418