Uscana caryedoni [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae]: Possibilités d'utilisation en lutte biologique contre la bruche de l'arachide,Caryedon serratus [Col.: Bruchidae]

Résumé Le trichogrammeUscana caryedoni Viggiani se développe aux dépens des œufs deCaryedon congense Decelle et de ceux de la bruche de l'arachide,Caryedon serratus (Olivier), sur les fruits d'une légumineuse arbustive commune au Congo,Poliostigma thonningii (Schum.). Dans la région de la Bouenza, dans le sud du pays, les taux de parasitisme dus àU. caryedoni s'accroissent au cours de l'année, à mesure que m?rissent les gousses, pour atteindre en novembre près de 40% (taux cumulé). La biologie du parasito?de a été étudiée au laboratoire sur œufs deC. serratus. A 30°C, la femelle pond en moyenne 66 œufs et vit un peu plus de 5 jours. Le développement préimaginal s'effectue en 16 jours à 26° et 12 jours à 30°. L'effet de la densité de l'h?te sur divers paramètres biologiques du parasite a été étudié. Un essai réalisé dans les conditions du laboratoire a révélé chezU. caryedoni de très faibles potentialités comme agent de limitation des populations deC. serratus dans les stocks d'arachide.      

Élevage en nouvelle-calédonie deMicrophthalma Europaea Egg. [Diptera,Tachinidae] Sur L'hote de SubstitutionProtaetia Fusca Hrbt. [Coleoptera,Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae]

Résumé La TachinaireMicrophthalma europaea Egg., parasite de larves deScarabaeidae en Afrique du Nord [Hurpin & Fresneau, 1964] a été multipliée à Nouméa (Nouvelle-Calédonie) sur un nouvel h?te de substitutionProtaetia fusca Hrbt. (Cetoniinae). Cet h?te nouveau permet maińtenant un élevage massif du parasite en Nouvelle-Calédonie, avant sa libération éventuelle à l'?le Wallis contre les larves d'Oryctes rhinoceros L., unDynastinae ravageur du cocotier.

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Summary The Tachinid fly,Microphthalma europaea Egg., parasite onScarabaeidae larvae in North Africa (Hurpin & Fresneau, 1964) was multiplied in Noumea (New Caledonia) on a new alternative hostProtaetia fusca Hrbt. (Cetoniinae). The contingent introduction of this parasite fly to Wallis island against larvae ofOryctes rhinoceros L. (Dynastinae), the coconut rhinoceros beetle, so could be now more easy from New Caledonia.

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Nous remercions le DrP. Jourdeuhil, Directeur de la Station de Lutte Biologique d'Antibes (France), d'avoir bien voulu lire notre manuscrit et nous apporter ses conseils les plus judicieux.     

Proactieve en gestructureerde zorg voor kwetsbare oudere patiënten in de eerstelijn: Achtergrond, opzet en uitvoering van een screenings- en zorgprogramma

Background

Currently, primary care for the older, vulnerable patient is reactive, fragmented and does not meet patients needs. Given the expected increase of home-dwelling frail elderly people a transition is needed to proactive and integrated care.

Methods

In the described study, we explore two innovative interventions in primary care. First we describe a newly developed screening and monitoring program for frail elderly patients based on routine care information in general practice. Second, we describe a multidisciplinary intervention program by trained nurses for frail elderly patients in general practice. The effectiveness of the interventions is examined in a three-armed, cluster randomized trial, taking place in 58 primary care practices in Utrecht, the Bilt and Maarsenbroek.

Results

Three thousand eight patients are included. Primary outcome measure is the impact of the interventions on the daily activities, measured with the Katz questionnaire. Secondary outcomes measures are the quality of life, mortality, recording in a care or nursing home, visit to an emergency room or outpatient unit, recording in the hospital and volunteer caregivers tax.     

Blessé médullaire: prise en charge en andrologie

Sexual reactions are under neurological control. Spinal cord trauma alters neurological structure and induces sexual dysfunction. Pharmacological drugs used currently allow erectile function to be recovered in spinal cord-injured men, an essential step towards the resumption of a sex life. Triggering of ejaculation is often difficult. Perineal stimulation techniques, used either in isolation or in association with pharmacological treatment, promote ejaculation and allow sperm collection and freezing. The possibility of achieving ejaculation during sexual intercourse in spinal cord-injured men remains rare and there is as yet no real therapy available. Despite poor semen quality, spinal cord-injured men maintain reproductive possibilities in 40 to 60% of couples. The use of assisted reproductive technologies is often required. Management of sexual dysfunction in spinal cord-injured men must be integrated into a rehabilitation and re-insertion programme.     

Microsporum canis en gatos dermatológicamente sanos en Temuco,Chile

BackgroundMicrosporum canis is the most common cause of feline dermatophytosis and the most pathogenic fungus isolated from the skin and hair of healthy cats. Cats are considered to be the natural reservoir and infection sourse of this disease in human and domestic animals.AimsKnowing the M. canis frequency in the dermatological healthy cat population of Temuco city, Chile.MethodsFifty cat samples were collected irrespective sex or race. Cats' ages were between 2 months and 12 years old, and the animals were treated at the Veterinary Clinical Hospital of the Universidad Católica de Temuco, or in three private clinics from this city. Tissue and hair samples were collected using two sampling techniques: hair extracting tweezers and the Mariat & Tapia method. For the clinical diagnosis, the Wood's lamp was used. Hairs were microscopically observed followed by a culture using Sabouraud agar and Lactrimel agar. M.canis was isolated in 30 cats (60%).ResultsThere were no statistically significative differences when parameters such as age, sex and race were taking into account. Differences between the use of Sabouraud agar and Lactrimel agar were not registered. It was determined that the Mariat & Tapia method was able to detect more dermatophytes than the collecting tweezers method. These differences were statistically significative.ConclusionsThe percentage of M. canis isolation obtained in this work remarks the role of healthy cats in the transmission of these dermatophytes to humans and other animals.     

Acclimatation sur la côte d'azur et en corse deSerangium parcesetosum [Col.: Coccinellidae] prédateur de l'aleurode des citrus,Dialeurodes citri [Hom.: Aleyrodidae]

Résumé La CoccinelleSerangium parcesetosum Sicard originaire de l'Inde a été importée en France en 1985 de Géorgie soviétique où elle avait été introduite pour lutter contre l'Aleurode des CitrusDialeurodes citri Ashmead. Les premiers lachers ont été effectués sur la C?te d'Azur et en Corse où elle semble désormais bien acclimatée.      

Le rôle d'Aphytis chilensis [Hym.: Aphelinidae], parasite d'Aspidiotus nerii [Hom.: Diaspididae] sur olivier en Crète

Résumé La souche parthénogénétique d'Aphytis chilensis How., qui se trouve en Crète, a 2 maxima d'abondance, au printemps et en automne. Dans 79,2% des cas le parasite attaque les jeunes ♀ d'Aspidiotus nerii Bouché; 18,9% des parasites se trouvent sur les pronymphes ♂, et rarement les ♀ en oviposition, les L₂ ♂ et les nymphes ♂ sont acceptés comme h?tes. Parmi les cochenilles contenant des œufs du parasite, 40,2% en avaient de 2 à 4; ce superparasitisme évalué au stade nymphal se réduit à 13,7%, ce qui montre que tous les parasites ne peuvent se développer. Le parasite est capable de se maintenir à un taux de parasitisme élevé dans une gamme assez large de densités de l'h?te allant de 2 à 20 cochenilles susceptibles d'être parasitées par feuille. Aux basses densités, il est plus efficace sur vieilles feuilles que sur nouvelles feuilles. Chaque parasite immature vivant correspond à la destruction de 2 cochenilles-h?tes: 1 par parasitisme, 1 par ?host-feeding?. En conséquence, on observe que chaque accroissement du taux de parasitisme s'accompagne d'une augmentation parallèle de la mortalité non-parasitaire. C'est ainsi que le parasitisme maximum s'accro?t de 18,4% en 1975, à 61,4% en 1977, tandis que la mortalité maximum passe de 61,7% à 88,2%. Pendant la même période, la densité de la cochenille s'est trouvée réduite de 20 fois environ. Ces résultats montrent tout l'intérêt pratique de la présence spontanée du parasite indigène,A. chilensis, pour la limitation des populations d'A. nerii.

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Summary The parthenogenetic strain ofAphytis chilensis How. found in Greece shows 2 maxima of abundance, one in spring and the other in autum. In 79,2% of all cases the parasite attacks young ♀ ofA. nerii, in 18,9% ♂ pronymphs, and only rarely it is found on ovipositing ♀, ♂ L2 or ♂ nymphs. Up to 4 parasites can develop on a young scale ♀. In fact, 40,2% of all scales exhibit superparasitism at the egg level, which then decreases to 13,7% in the nymphs. This parasite is capable of maintaining a high parasitization rate over a wide range of host densities (2–20 parasitizable scales per leaf). Among chosen leafs of the same low scale density the parasite is more efficient on old leaves than on new ones. For every living immature parasite found in a sample, the parasite ♀ has killed another young scale ♀ through host-feeding. Over a period of 4 years each peak in active parasitism, which increases from 18,4% in 1975 to 61,4% in 1977, therefore coincides with a corresponding increase in the maximum scale mortality, which runs from 61,7% to 88,2%. During the same period the scale density has dropped about 20 times. These results demonstrate the practical importance of the indigenousA. chilensis in the biological control ofA. nerii.

     

Hibernation d'Apanteles chilonis [Hym.: Braconidae] sous le climat méditerranéen

Résumé L'introduction d'Apanteles chilonis Mun. en France a été tentée pour lutter contreChilo suppressalis Wlk. La multiplication du parasito?de est décrite. Des essais ont été menés au laboratoire sur la résistance des stades endoparasites aux températures basses (2, 5, 10 et 15°C). L'hibernation a été suivie entre 1975 et 1978 dans un insectarium extérieur. Le développement hivernal aboutit à l'achèvement de la vie endoparasite dès les mois de mars et avril. La mortalité est très forte à ce moment en raison de températures insuffisamment élevées pour la nymphose. La synchronisation des cycles du parasito?de et de l'h?te étant aléatoire, des recherches ont été entreprises sur la présence d'h?tes intermédiaires dans le milieu naturel. NiSesamia nonagrioides niOstrinia nubilalis ne conviennent, par contre la bioécologie deChilo phragmitellus présente des éléments favorables.

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Summary Apanteles chilonis is a Japanese endoparasitoid ofChilo suppressalis (Lep.: Pyralidae) An attempt has recently been made to introduce it into France to control the same pest in rice fields. The means of breeding the parasite in fairly large numbers is described. The parasite can develop in the field in summer, but in winter its life cycle is more likely to be affected by adverse conditions. The resistance of its 3 larval instars to temperatures ranging from 2 to 15°C. was tested in the laboratory. Mortality estimation for a gregarious endoparasitoid is discussed. Two different check lots ofC. suppressalis larvae were necessary, 1 of which was parasitized. Mortality was then calculated usingAbott's formula. The 2nd instar ofA. chilonis was the most resistant; its mortality after 30 days at 5°C being 44%, compared with 60% for the 1st instar and 77% for the 3rd. From 1975 to 1978, parasitized larvae ofC. suppressalis were wintered under near-natural conditions in an outdoor insectary. Periodic dissection of these larvae showed that the development ofA. chilonis progressed slowly from egg to the 2nd larval stage and faster after this. Although at low temperatures eggs were killed, 1st instar larvae were found during the coldest months, December to February. Second and 3 rd instars occurred from March to April and the adults from late April to late May. Mortality of the parasitized host was high, exceeding 80% and occurring late in winter or in early spring rather than in the coldest months. Only a few adultA. chilonis were formed; at best, 123 adults emerged from 120 hosts during spring 1978. Some of the host population emerges in spring, which should allow the parasite to breed on its progeny. However, rice cannot be sown until the end of April in southern France, because of the climate andC. suppressalis larvae have no suitable food available until June. Unless the adult parasites, therefore, can find the few scattered, still-diapausing, larvae of the host in which to oviposit, they will die without laying eggs. Synchronisation of the parasite attack with the development ofC. suppressalis is therefore doubtful. The possibility of the parasite adopting a transient host within the same environment asC. suppressalis has been investigated and is discussed. An other speciesChilo, C. phragmitellus,Hüb. occurs in reeds. Its larvae are appropriate hosts forA. chilonis and reach a suitable stage in spring. It has not yet been found to be parasitized byA. chilonis under natural conditions, though adultA. chilonis have been recovered from a reed community in the immediate vicinity of a rice field. Common species likeOstrinia nubilalis L., the European corn borer, orSesamia nonagrio?des Lefb. (Noctuidae), are unsuitable hosts. It might be rewarding to test other strains ofA. chilonis from elsewhere in Japan.

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Avec la collaboration technique deH. Magnin etA. Radisson.     

Étude,en cryodécapage,de la morphologie des surfaces lamellaires chloroplastiques de Chlorella pyrenoidosa,en cultures synchrones

Summary The structure of synchronized cells of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was investigated using the freeze-etching method.The report presents some various cell stages showing especially successive aspects of chloroplasts, of the vacuolar system and of some membranous and lamellar structures (nuclear, partition and thylakoid membranes) during the life cycle of the algae.Lamellar surfaces of chloroplasts are visible. These surfaces are beset with two classes of particles, which have an average diameter of 120 Å and 60 Å; the 120 Å particle are generally composed of 3 to 4 subunits having a diameter of 60 Å.These particles were counted on the thylakoid surfaces, where they are the most numerous.During the light period of the synchronous culture, the total number of particles/₂ on lamellar surfaces remains almost constant: an average of 1500 to 2500 units/₂ was observed.During the dark period, on the other hand, a significative increase of the number of particle/₂ occurs in mother cells 2 hrs. before autospore separation. The average values range from 2000 to 4000 units/₂.It appears that the highest concentrations of 120 and 60 Å particles on the thylakoid surfaces are found in cells in which the photosynthetic O₂ evolution per unit of chlorophyll is minimum (according to the publications of other authors). High concentrations of particles seem to characterize the newly synthesized parts of the thylakoids.     

Cyclische episoden van verwardheid en bewegingsstoornissen: denk aan hypoglykemieën en insulinoom

Insulinomas are rare neuroendocrine tumours of the pancreas which present with neuroglycopenic and autonomic symptoms induced by hypoglycemic periods. The onset is insidious. Because of atypical symptoms like temporary movement disorders and behavioural disturbances the diagnosis is often made at a late stage. We describe two patients with cyclic behavioural and movement disorders caused by already present but not recognised insulinomas. The treatment options are discussed, in which the most common surgical therapy is not always a first choice in elderly patients with comorbidity. With drug therapy patients can be free of symptoms for a longer period without any significant complications.     

Dolor en el anciano: calidad de vida,funcionalidad y factores asociados. Estudio SABE,Bogotá, Colombia

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of pain on the quality of life in older adults and its association with functionality.Materials and methodsData was taken from SABE Bogota study. A cross-sectional study was carried out during 2012, interviewing 2,000 individuals of 60 years and older, as a probabilistic cluster and representative sample. The variable ‘presence of pain’ to was used to identify associations with sociodemographic factors, self-rated health, comorbidities, functional status, cognitive status, and quality of life. The latter was estimated using a visual analogue scale of the EuroQOL tool (EQ-VAS).ResultsThe majority of older adults were women (63.4%); the mean age was 71.17 years (SD = 8.05), with a higher frequency of individuals in the age group between 60 and 69 years (48%). When comparing groups with pain vs. no pain, significantly lower scores were found in the group with pain (P < .001) in both the functionality and quality of life EQ-VAS scales. The strongest associations with pain were: joint diseases (OR: 3.08 [2.24-4.23]), severe depression (OR: 2.80 [1.63-4.79]) and functional impairment of the Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) (OR: 2.45 [1.31-4.58]).ConclusionsPain negatively impacts the functional independence and the perception of the quality of life in older adults, predisposing them to adverse outcomes.     

Effets deBacillus thuringiensis chez une population de Tordeuse grise du mélèze,Zeiraphera diniana [Lep.: Tortricidae] en culmination gradologique

Résumé En 1971, fut dispersée par hélicoptère sur 670 ha de mélèzin de la commune de Montgenèvre (Hautes-Alpes), une suspension de spores et de cristaux toxine deBacillus thuringiensis Berliner, sérotype 1, chez une population deZeiraphera diniana Guénée ayant atteint la culmination gradologique. L'application qui fut effectuée au 3^e stade larvaire du ravageur avant l'apparition des dégats eut une efficacité immédiate moyenne de 80–83%. Cette réduction massive de la population larvaire eut pour conséquence de contenir les effectifs de la Tordeuse du mélèze en dessous de la limite supérieure du niveau de population supportable, pendant la phase dynamique de la gradation. Les dégats ont été pratiquement supprimés sur l'ensemble de la forêt traitée pour la durée de la gradation. Aucune nuisance consécutive à l'intervention bactérienne n'a été constatée.

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Summary In 1971, at Montgenèvre (Hautes-Alpes, France), a suspension of spores and cristals ofBacillus thuringiensis;Berliner Serotype 1, was applied with an helicopter on 670 ha of larch to control a population ofZeiraphera diniana Gn. in outbreak. The application was made on the 3rd instar, before the insect had cause any damage, and showed 80–83% of immediate efficiency. The large scale reduction of the larval population resulted in keepingZ. diniana population below the economic injury level during the dynamic period of gradation. There was practically no damage in the treated forest during this time. No harmful effect due to the bacterial intervention has been observed.

     

La radiothérapie interne vectorisée par les analogues de la somatostatine,en pratique,en 2019

Somatostatin receptors are overexpressed in differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET). Radiolabeled somatostatin analogs have been used for a few decades for imaging and more recently for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in a theranostic approach. Medical access to PRRT has long been limited to a few European specialized medical centers despite promising results in large cohorts of patients. NETTER-1, a phase 3 randomized trial, has demonstrated a drastic improvement of midgut NET patients progression-free survival in PRRT arm as compared to somatostatin analogs, leading to marketing authorizations in USA and Europe. PRRT clinical availability is growing in France, with around 20 medical centers offering this innovative treatment for GEP-NET patients care in 2019. PPRT success-story should lead to improvements of radionuclide therapy developments, which will reshape our medical specialty to a more “clinically” practice. This review aims to detail PRRT in clinical practice in France in 2019, with emphasize on treatment indications, planning and practical aspects. Radioprotection aspects and future optimization perspectives will also be discussed.     

Cycle de développement et table de vie d'Olla v-nigrum [Col.: Coccinellidae] ennemi naturel d'Heteropsylla cubana [Hom.: Psyllidae] introduit en nouvelle-calédonie

Résumé Après l'invasion de la Nouvelle-Calédonie en 1985 parHeteropsylla cubana Crawford, psylle ravageur de la légumineuseLeucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, le coccinellide auxiliaireOlla v-nigrum Mulsant a été introduit depuis Tahiti, au début de 1987, et ses principaux paramètres biologiques ont été étudiés en conditions contr?lées. A 25,7°C (24,6/26,8) la valeur médiane de la durée du développement pré-imaginal est 16,5 jours, de la ponte de l'œuf à l'adulte. A 25,8°C (25/26,6), en adoptant le taux d'éclosion observé sur les pontes de femelles sauvages, la multiplication par génération R₀=201,4, le taux intrinsèque d'accroissement r_m=0,165, et la durée moyenne de génération T=32,2 j. En tenant compte de la baisse de fertilité observée en cours d'étude de la cohorte, ces valeurs deviennent: R₀=153,9, r_m=0,160, T=31,4 j. Comparées à celles mesurées pour d'autres proies, ces valeurs impliquent une bonne adaptation trophique àH. cubana, qui est toxique pour la plupart des prédateurs polyphages. En juillet 1989,O. v-nigrum était déjà établi sur la majeure partie de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.