Electrostatic Solitary Pulses in a Dusty Electronegative Magnetoplasma

The nonlinear characteristics of dust-electron-acoustic (DEA) waves in a dusty electronegative magnetoplasma system consisting of nonextensive hot electrons, inertial cold electrons, positively charged static ions, and negatively charged immobile dust grains has been investigated. In this observation, the well-known reductive perturbation technique is employed to determine different types of nonlinear dynamical equations, namely, magnetized Korteweg–de Vries (KdV), magnetized modified KdV (mKdV), and magnetized Gardner equations. The stationary solitary wave and double layer solution of these three equations, which describe the characteristics of solitary waves and double layers of DEA waves, are obtained and numerically analyzed. It is noticed that various plasma parameters (viz., hot electron nonextensivity, positive ion-to-cold electron number density ratio, dust-to-cold electron number density ratio, etc.) significantly affect the basic properties of DEA solitary waves (DEASWs) and Gardner solitons (GSs). The prodigious results found from this theoretical investigation may be useful for researchers to investigate the nonlinear structures in various space and laboratory plasmas.     

Ion-acoustic Gardner solitons in a four-component nonextensive multi-ion plasma

The nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic (IA) solitary waves (SWs) in a four-component non-extensive multi-ion plasma system containing inertial positively charged light ions, negatively charged heavy ions, as well as noninertial nonextensive electrons and positrons has been theoretically investigated. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the nonlinear equations, namely, Korteweg?deVries (KdV), modified KdV (mKdV), and Gardner equations. The basic features (viz. polarity, amplitude, width, etc.) of Gardner solitons are found to exist beyond the KdV limit and these IA Gardner solitons are qualitatively different from the KdV and mKdV solitons. It is observed that the basic features of IA SWs are modified by various plasma parameters (viz. electron and positron nonextensivity, electron number density to ion number density, and electron temperature to positron temperature, etc.) of the considered plasma system. The results obtained from this theoretical investigation may be useful in understanding the basic features of IA SWs propagating in both space and laboratory plasmas.     

Effects of nonextensivity on the electron-acoustic solitary structures in a magnetized electron−positron−ion plasma

Obliquely propagating electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) in a magnetized electron?positron?ion plasma (containing nonextensive hot electrons and positrons, inertial cold electrons, and immobile positive ions) are precisely investigated by deriving the Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation. It is found that the basic features (viz. polarity, amplitude, width, phase speed, etc.) of the EASWs are significantly modified by the effects of the external magnetic field, obliqueness of the system, nonextensivity of hot positrons and electrons, ratio of the hot electron temperature to the hot positron temperature, and ratio of the cold electron number density to the hot positron number density. The findings of our results can be employed in understanding the localized electrostatic structures and the characteristics of EASWs in various astrophysical plasmas.     

Ion-Scale Excitations in a Strongly Coupled Astrophysical Plasma with Nuclei of Heavy Elements

The linear and nonlinear propagation of ultrarelativistic and nonrelativistic analysis on modified ion-acoustic (MIA) waves in a strongly coupled unmagnetized collisionless relativistic space plasma system is carried out. Plasma system is assumed to contain strongly coupled nonrelativistic ion fluids, both nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic degenerate electron and positron fluids, and positively charged static heavy elements. The restoring force is provided by the degenerate pressure of the electron and positron fluids, whereas the inertia is provided by the mass of ions. The positively charged static heavy elements participate only in maintaining the quasineutrality condition at equilibrium. The well-known reductive perturbation method is used to derive the Burgers and Korteweg–de Vries equations. Their shock and solitary wave solutions are numerically analyzed to understand the localized electrostatic disturbances. The basic characteristics of MIA shock and solitary waves are found to be significantly modified by the effects of degenerate pressures of electron, positron, and ion fluids, their number densities, and various charge state of heavy elements. The implications of our results to dense plasmas in compact astrophysical objects (e.g., nonrotating white dwarfs, neutron stars, etc.) are briefly discussed.     

Nonlinear ion modes in a strongly coupled plasma in the presence of nonthermal ion fluids and polarization force

The nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic (IA) waves in a strongly coupled plasma system containing Maxwellian electrons and nonthermal ions has been theoretically and numerically investigated. The well-known reductive perturbation technique is used to derive both the Burgers and Korteweg?de Vries (KdV) equations. Their shock and solitary wave solutions have also been numerically analyzed in understanding localized electrostatic disturbances. It has been observed that the basic features (viz. polarity, amplitude, width, etc.) of IA waves are significantly modified by the effect of polarization force and other plasma parameters (e.g., the electron-to-ion number density ratio and ion-to-electron temperature ratio). This is a unique finding among all theoretical investigations made before, whose probable implications are discussed in this investigation. The implications of the results obtained from this investigation may be useful in understanding the wave propagation in both space and laboratory plasmas.     

Properties of cylindrical and spherical heavy ion-acoustic solitary and shock structures in a multispecies plasma with superthermal electrons

A theoretical investigation on heavy ion-acoustic (HIA) solitary and shock structures has been accomplished in an unmagnetized multispecies plasma consisting of inertialess kappa-distributed superthermal electrons, Boltzmann light ions, and adiabatic positively charged inertial heavy ions. Using the reductive perturbation technique, the nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical) Kortewg–de Vries (KdV) and Burgers equations have been derived. The solitary and shock wave solutions of the KdV and Burgers equations, respectively, have been numerically analyzed. The effects of superthermality of electrons, adiabaticity of heavy ions, and nonplanar geometry, which noticeably modify the basic features (viz. polarity, amplitude, phase speed, etc.) of small but finite amplitude HIA solitary and shock structures, have been carefully investigated. The HIA solitary and shock structures in nonplanar geometry have been found to distinctly differ from those in planar geometry. Novel features of our present attempt may contribute to the physics of nonlinear electrostatic perturbation in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.     

Heavy Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves and Double Layers in a Multi-Ion Plasma

The formation and propagation of small-amplitude heavy-ion-acoustic (HIA) solitary waves and double layers in an unmagnetized collisionless multicomponent plasma system consisting of superthermal electrons, Boltzmann distributed light ions, and adiabatic positively charged inertial heavy ions are theoretically investigated. The reductive perturbation technique is employed to derive the modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) and standard Gardner (SG) equations. The solitary wave (SW) solution of mKdV and SG equations, as well as double layers (DLs) solution of SG equation, is studied for analysis of higher order nonlinearity. It is found that the plasma system under consideration supports positive and negative potential Gardner solitons, but only positive potential mKdV solitons. In addition, it is shown that, the basic properties of HIA mKdV and Gardner solitons and DLs (viz. polarity, amplitude, width, and phase speed) are incomparably influenced by the adiabaticity effect of heavy ions and the superthermality effect of electrons. The relevance of the present findings to the system of space plasmas, as well as to the system of researchers interest, is specified.     

Effects of nonextensivity and nonthermality on dust-acoustic Gardner solitons in dusty plasmas with distinct ion temperatures

The effects of nonextensivity and nonthermality of ions of two distinct temperatures on dustacoustic Gardner solitons (DAGSs) in an unmagnetized dusty plasma system are investigated theoretically. The constituents of the dusty plasma under consideration are negatively charged mobile dust fluid, Boltzmann-distributed electrons, and ions of two distinct temperatures following nonextensive (q) and nonthermal distributions, respectively. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), modified KdV, and Gardner equations are derived by using the reductive perturbation technique, and thereby their characteristic features are compared. It is observed that both the nonextensive and nonthermal ions significantly modify the basic properties and polarities of dust-acoustic solitary waves. The present investigation may be of relevance to space and laboratory dusty plasma systems.     

Cylindrical and spherical dust-ion-acoustic modified Gardner solitons in dusty plasmas with two-temperature superthermal electrons

A rigorous theoretical investigation has been performed on the propagation of cylindrical and spherical Gardner solitons (GSs) associated with dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) waves in a dusty plasma consisting of inertial ions, negatively charged immobile dust, and two populations of kappa distributed electrons having two distinct temperatures. The well-known reductive perturbation method has been used to derive the modified Gardner (mG) equation. The basic features (amplitude, width, polarity, etc.) of nonplanar DIA modified Gardner solitons (mGSs) have been thoroughly examined by the numerical analysis of the mG equation. It has been found that the characteristics of the nonplanar DIA mGSs significantly differ from those of planar ones. It has been also observed that kappa distributed electrons with two distinct temperatures significantly modify the basic properties of the DIA solitary waves and that the plasma system under consideration supports both compressive and rarefactive DIA mGSs. The present investigation should play an important role for understanding localized electrostatic disturbances in space and laboratory dusty plasmas where stationary negatively charged dust, inertial ions, and superthermal electrons with two distinct temperatures are omnipresent ingredients.     

Nonlinear heavy-ion-acoustic waves in an adiabatic collisionless Bi-ion plasma

The basic properties of heavy-ion-acoustic (HIA) waves have been investigated in a collisionless plasma system which is supposed to be composed of nonthermal electrons, Boltzmann distributed light ions, and adiabatic positively charged inertial heavy ions. The Kortewg-de Vries and Burgers equations are derived in nonplanar (cylindrical and spherical) geometry by employing the standard reductive perturbation method for studying the basic features (viz. amplitude, phase speed, etc.) of HIA solitary and shock waves, which are associated with either positive or negative potential. It is found that the effects of nonplanar geometry, adiabaticity of positively charged inertial heavy ions, the presence of nonthermal (Cairns distributed) electrons, and number densities of the plasma components significantly modify the basic features of nonplanar HIA waves. It has been observed that the properties of solitary and shock waves associated with HIA waves in a nonplanar geometry differ from those in a planar geometry. The implications of our results may be helpful in understanding the electrostatic perturbations in various laboratory and astrophysical plasma environments.     

Small-amplitude shock waves and double layers in dusty plasmas with opposite polarity charged dust grains

Theoretical investigation is carried out for understanding the properties of nonlinear dust-acoustic (DA) waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma whose constituents are massive, micron-sized, positive and negatively charged inertial dust grains along with q (nonextensive) distributed electrons and ions. The reductive perturbation method is employed in order to derive two types of nonlinear dynamical equations, namely, Burgers equation and modified Gardner equation (Gardner equation with dissipative term). They are also numerically analyzed to investigate the basic features (viz., polarity, amplitude, width, etc.) of shock waves and double layers. It has been observed that the effects of nonextensivity, opposite polarity charged dust grains, and different dusty plasma parameters have significantly modified the fundamental properties of shock waves and double layers. The results of this investigation may be used for researches of the nonlinear wave propagation in laboratory and space plasmas.     

Effect of dust charge fluctuations on dust acoustic structures in magnetized dusty plasma containing nonextensive electrons and two-temperature isothermal ions

Effect of dust electrical charge fluctuations on the nature of dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in a four-species magnetized dusty plasma containing nonextensive electrons and two-temperature isothermal ions has been investigated. In this model, the negative dust electric charge is considered to be proportional to the plasma space potential. The nonlinear Zakharov–Kuznetsov (ZK) and modified Zakharov–Kuznetsov (mZK) equations are derived for DASWs by using the standard reductive perturbation method. The combined effects of electron nonextensivity and dust charge fluctuations on the DASW profile are analyzed. The different ranges of the nonextensive q-parameter are considered. The results show that solitary waves the amplitude and width of which depend sensitively on the nonextensive q-parameter can exist. Due to the electron nonextensivity and dust charge fluctuation rate, our dusty plasma model can admit both positive and negative potential solitons. The results show that the amplitude of the soliton increases with increasing electron nonextensivity, but its width decreases. Increasing the electrical charge fluctuations leads to a decrease in both the amplitude and width of DASWs.     

Three-Dimensional Self-Gravito-Acoustic Solitary Waves in a Degenerate Quantum Plasma System

Plasma Physics Reports - Three-dimensional self-gravito-acoustic solitary waves (SGASWs) in a general (but realistic) self-gravitating degenerate quantum plasma media consisting of heavy...     

Dust-acoustic solitary waves in a four-component adiabatic magnetized dusty plasma

Theoretical investigation has been made on obliquely propagating dust-acoustic (DA) solitary waves (SWs) in a magnetized dusty plasma which consists of non-inertial adiabatic electron and ion fluids, and inertial negatively as well as positively charged adiabatic dust fluids. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg-de Vries equation which admits a solitary wave solution for small but finite amplitude limit. It has been shown that the basic features (speed, height, thickness, etc.) of such DA solitary structures are significantly modified by adiabaticity of plasma fluids, opposite polarity dust components, and the obliqueness of external magnetic field. The SWs have been changed from compressive to rarefactive depending on the value of μ (a parameter determining the number of positive dust present in this plasma model). The present investigation can be of relevance to the electrostatic solitary structures observed in various dusty plasma environments (viz. cometary tails, upper mesosphere, Jupiter’s magnetosphere, etc.).     

Self-interacting Stationary Formations in Plasmas under Externally Controlled Fields

Plasma Physics Reports - The formation and evolution of a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) soliton in a dense quantum plasma consisting of electrons and ions is studied. The solitary profile is first...     

Electrostatic solitary structures in a magnetized nonextensive plasma with q-distributed electrons

A rigorous theoretical investigation has been made of obliquely propagating electrostatic solitary structures in a magnetized plasma, taking into account the effect of nonextensive electrons. By employing the reductive perturbation method, the basic characteristics of obliquely propagating ion-acoustic (IA) solitary waves (SWs) in a cold magnetized electron-ion plasma (consisting of inertial ions and noninertial q-distributed electrons) have been addressed. The Korteweg-de Vries equation is derived and its numerical solution is obtained. It has been shown that the effects of electron nonextensivity and external magnetic field significantly modify the natures of the small but finite-amplitude IA SWs. The present analysis may be useful to understand and demonstrate the dynamical properties of IA SWs in different astrophysical and cosmological scenarios (viz. stellar polytropes, hadronic matter, quark-gluon plasma, protoneutron stars, dark-matter halos, etc.).     

Dust-acoustic waves in a nonuniform adiabatic dusty plasma in the presence of polarization force

The linear propagation of the dust-acoustic (DA) waves in a nonuniform adiabatic dusty plasma, which consists of inertialess adiabatic electrons, inertialess adiabatic ions, and inertial negatively charged dust by taking into account the effects of polarization force, is theoretically investigated. It is found that the linear dispersion properties of the DA waves are significantly modified by the dust density nonuniformity, adiabaticity of electrons and ions, and the effects of the polarization force. It is shown that the phase speed of the DA waves is increased with the increase of adiabaticity of electrons and ions but decreased with the increase of the effects of polarization force. It is also shown that the dust density is enhanced with the increase of adiabatic index but depleted with the increase of polarization force. The scenarios relevant to dust-ion plasma in space environments are briefly addressed.     

Supersonic and near-sonic solitary ion-acoustic waves in magnetized plasma

The propagation of large-amplitude solitary ion-acoustic waves in magnetized plasma is analyzed. The problem is solved without assuming plasma quasineutrality within the pulse, and the wave potential is described by Poisson’s equation. Solutions in the form of supersonic and near-sonic solitary waves propagating obliquely to the magnetic field are found. The pulses have several peaks and exist for a discrete set of the wave parameters. The amplitude and oscillation frequency of a solitary wave are determined as functions of the Mach number and the propagation angle with respect to the magnetic field.     

Nonlocal theory of the spectra of modified ion cyclotron oscillations in a charged plasma produced by gas ionization

The problem of the stability of a charged plasma cylinder in crossed longitudinal magnetic and radial electric fields is considered under the assumption that the plasma electrons are magnetized and distributed uniformly in space and that the plasma ions have a low density and move without collisions. By using the Vlasov and Poisson equations for the electric and magnetic fields of arbitrary strengths and by expanding the radial eigenfunctions in Bessel functions, a dispersion relation is obtained for the modified ion cyclotron frequencies. The dispersion relation obtained is solved for the case of hot plasma electrons. At low ion densities, the oscillation spectra are stable and are described by the families of dispersion curves lying closely around the harmonics of the modified cyclotron frequency (including the zeroth harmonic). At higher ion densities, the dispersion curves for the frequencies of the lowest radial oscillation modes in neighboring families can intersect, leading to instability. The maximum instability growth rate can be several tenths of the modified ion cyclotron frequency.     

Nonlinear dust-acoustic structures in space plasmas with superthermal electrons,positrons, and ions

Some features of nonlinear dust-acoustic (DA) structures are investigated in a space plasma consisting of superthermal electrons, positrons, and positive ions in the presence of negatively charged dust grains with finite-temperature by employing a pseudo-potential technique in a hydrodynamic model. For this purpose, it is assumed that the electrons, positrons, and ions obey a kappa-like (κ) distribution in the background of adiabatic dust population. In the linear analysis, it is found that the dispersion relation yield two positive DA branches, i.e., the slow and fast DA waves. The upper branch (fast DA waves) corresponds to the case in which both (negatively charged) dust particles and (positively charged) ion species oscillate in phase with electrons and positrons. On the other hand, the lower branch (slow DA waves) corresponds to the case in which only dust particles oscillate in phase with electrons and positrons, while ion species are in antiphase with them. On the other hand, the fully nonlinear analysis shows that the existence domain of solitons and their characteristics depend strongly on the dust charge, ion charge, dust temperature, and the spectral index κ. It is found that the minimum/maximum Mach number increases as the spectral index κ increases. Also, it is found that only solitons with negative polarity can propagate and that their amplitudes increase as the parameter κ increases. Furthermore, the domain of Mach number shifts to the lower values, when the value of the dust charge Z _d increases. Moreover, it is found that the Mach number increases with an increase in the dust temperature. Our analysis confirms that, in space plasmas with highly charged dusts, the presence of superthermal particles (electrons, positrons, and ions) may facilitate the formation of DA solitary waves. Particularly, in two cases of hydrogen ions H⁺ (Z _i = 1) and doubly ionized Helium atoms He²⁺ (Z _i = 2), the mentioned results are the same. Additionally, the mentioned dusty plasma does not support DA solitons with positive polarity (compressive solitons). Furthermore, our analysis confirms that DA double layers cannot exist in such a system. Moreover, the positron density has not a considerable effect on the behavior of DA solitons in our model.