改进微生物学教学模式提高学生创新能力

对微生物学课程进行教学模式的改革与探索。通过丰富和更新教学内容,改进课堂教学方法和手段,改革实验教学模式和成绩考核方式,以提升学生的兴趣和自主学习能力。近几年的教学实践证明,该教学模式的改革显著提高了学生的科研实践能力和创新思维能力。     

微生物学课堂教学培养大学生创新能力的尝试

介绍如何通过微生物学课堂教学培养大学生创新能力的一些尝试:结合自身科研实例授课;注意介绍学科前沿动态;重视原理的发现证明过程;开展研讨性课堂教学讨论;引导学生课外研究性阅读;组织工厂参观学习。     

浅谈对科研融入到医学微生物学教学中以提高培养大学生的科研创新能力的体会

1969年美国麻省理工学院(MIT)首倡的"本科研究机会计划"(The Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program,简称UROP)作为一种有效尝试,经过40年的发展与变革已成为世界诸多知名高校普遍效仿的做法.20世纪90年代以来,国内部分高校开始秉承这一思路,实施本科生科研训练计划(Student Research Training Plan,简称SRTP),被普遍认为是一条培养创新人才的有效途径,并有利于提高学生整体的科研素质[1].从2007年底开始,大学生创新性实验计划已经成为"十一五"期间教育部对推动创新型人才培养工作的一项重要改革举措,是高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革工程的重要组成部分.     

医学微生物学探索性实验教学与学生创新能力的培养

在高等教育面临着素质教育、培养创新人才的新形式下, 以提高学生的综合素质, 培养学生的创新精神、创新能力为出发点, 在2004级医学专业本科生中开设探索性实验。实践证明, 探索性实验的开展充分调动了学生的学习热情, 极大地激发了学生对微生物学的学习兴趣, 提高了微生物学实验教学质量。显然, 探索性实验的开展是传统教学模式的有益补充和尝试。     

改革微生物学实验教学,提高大学生实践技能

总结近年来对微生物学实验教学改革的实践,确定实验教学体系的主要内容,注意以人为本,通过改革实验项目和考核方式,培养学生的实践能力。     

在微生物学课堂讨论中培养学生的创新能力

介绍了作者在微生物学课堂教学中通过创设问题情景,谆谆诱导学生开拓思维,踊跃讨论,从而提高学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,培养学生的创新能力。     

浅谈微生物学课堂教学中创新能力的培养

本文从注重知识发生过程教学、加强思维训练、构建微生物学知识体系、关注现实、跟踪前沿等方面, 对微生物课堂教学进行了探索和实践, 以期全面提高教学质量, 培养学生的创新能力。     

提高微生物学教学质量的点滴体会

为了提高微生物学的教学质量,从激发学生对微生物学的兴趣、培养学生的创新能力、提高学生综合素质等方面对微生物学的教学方法进行了初步探讨。     

提高微生物学课程教学效果的体验

为了提高微生物学课程教学效果,经过多年的教学改革,结合多年来的教学体验,提出要合理组织教学内容、突出重点、剖析难点、层次分明、点线结合、以点带面,以利于学生全面系统地掌握知识,并且要科学利用现代教育手段提高教学质量,利用科学实验提高学生的科学思维能力,充分发挥学生的主观能动性、提高学生的综合素质。     

提高微生物学课程教学效果的体验

为了提高微生物学课程教学效果,经过多年的教学改革,结合多年来的教学体验,提出要合理组织教学内容、突出重点、剖析难点、层次分明、点线结合、以点带面,以利于学生全面系统地掌握知识,并且要科学利用现代教育手段提高教学质量,利用科学实验提高学生的科学思维能力,充分发挥学生的主观能动性、提高学生的综合素质。     

结合分子生物学课程对大学生创新能力进行培养的尝试

大学教育应以建设创新型国家为己任,为培养创新型人才服务。根据分子生物学课程的特点,从课堂教学和实验教学两方面同时入手,结合教师的科研情况、学科的前沿动态以及引导学生进行课外阅读等几方面对学生的创新能力的培养进行尝试,取得良好效果。     

Please pass the cauliflower: a recipe for introducing undergraduate students to brain structure and function

Neurophysiology/pathophysiology content is a frequent source of anxiety for undergraduate students and their instructors. This learning module supplements traditional lecture and overhead presentations to offer a novel, nonthreatening, and entertaining introduction to neuropathology. The module is based on a ridiculous analogy between the human brain and the cauliflower. This module has been used with both underclassmen and more advanced health science undergraduate students and has produced enthusiastic student responses while deescalating both student and instructor anxiety.     

A probabilistic meta-predictor for the MHC class II binding peptides

Several computational methods for the prediction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II binding peptides embodying different strengths and weaknesses have been developed. To provide reliable prediction, it is important to design a system that enables the integration of outcomes from various predictors. The construction of a meta-predictor of this type based on a probabilistic approach is introduced in this paper. The design permits the easy incorporation of results obtained from any number of individual predictors. It is demonstrated that this integrated method outperforms six state-of-the-art individual predictors based on computational studies using MHC class II peptides from 13 HLA alleles and three mouse MHC alleles obtained from the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. It is concluded that this integrative approach provides a clearly enhanced reliability of prediction. Moreover, this computational framework can be directly extended to MHC class I binding predictions.     

提高临床医学生微生物检验见习教学质量的探索与实践

临床微生物室见习是临床医学专业学生了解微生物检验的重要窗口,提高其见习教学质量,使其认识到微生物检验在感染性疾病诊治中的作用。除了系统介绍临床微生物检验的工作内容及流程外,我们更注重临床医生与微生物检验的密切联系,强调临床医生对微生物检验前质量控制的重要性。案例教学法联合问题导向教学法,将临床感染病例与微生物检验紧密结合。举例讲解临床医生该如何正确解读微生物检验报告结果,从而合理选择抗菌药物进行有效的抗感染治疗。最后提醒临床医学生注意生物安全及医院感染的发生。通过我们的见习教学,临床医学生表示获益颇丰,意识到微生物检验对感染性疾病诊治的重要作用。     

Induced pluripotent stem cells and senescence: learning the biology to improve the technology

The discovery that adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells by expressing a combination of factors associated with pluripotency holds immense promise for a wide range of biotechnological and therapeutic applications. However, some hurdles—such as improving the low reprogramming efficiencies and ensuring the pluripotent potential, genomic integrity and safety of the resulting cells—must be overcome before induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used for clinical purposes. Several groups have recently shown that key tumour suppressors—such as members of the p53 and p16^INK4a/retinoblastoma networks—control the efficiency of iPSC generation by activating cell‐intrinsic programmes such as senescence. Here, we discuss the implications of these discoveries for improving the safety and efficiency of iPSC generation, and for increasing our understanding of different aspects of basic biology—such as the control of pluripotency or the mechanisms involved in the generation of cancer stem cells.     

Peptide motif for the rat MHC class II molecule RT1.Da: similarities to the multiple sclerosis-associated HLA-DRB1*1501 molecule

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced with myelin proteins in DA and LEW.1AV1 rats is a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). It reproduces major aspects of this detrimental disease of the central nervous system. MS is associated with the HLA-DRB1*1501, DRB5*0101, and DQB1*0602 haplotype. DA and LEW.1AV1 rats share the RT1^av1 haplotype. So far, no MHC class II peptide motif of RT1.D^a molecules has been described. Sequence alignment of the chain of the rat MHC class II molecule RT1.D^a with human HLA class II molecules revealed strong similarity in the peptide-binding groove of RT1.D^a and HLA-DRB1*1501. According to the putative peptide-binding pockets of RT1.D^a, after comparison with the pockets of HLA-DRB1*1501, we predicted the peptide motif of RT1.D^a. To verify the predicted motif, naturally processed peptides were eluted by acidic treatment from immunoaffinity-purified RT1.D^a molecules of lymphoid tissue of DA rats and subsequently analyzed by ESI tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we performed binding studies with combinatorial nonapeptide libraries to purified RT1.D^a molecules. Based on these studies we could define a peptide-binding motif for RT1.D^a characterized by aliphatic amino acid residues (L, I, V, M) and of F for the peptide pocket P1, aromatic residues (F, Y, W) for P4, basic residues (K, R) for P6, aliphatic residues (I, L, V) for P7, and aromatic residues (F, Y, W) and L for P9. Both methods revealed similar binding characteristics for peptides to RT1.D^a. This data will allow epitope predictions for analysis of peptides, relevant for experimental autoimmune diseases.     

Teaching cardiac electrophysiology modeling to undergraduate students: laboratory exercises and GPU programming for the study of arrhythmias and spiral wave dynamics

As part of a 3-wk intersession workshop funded by a National Science Foundation Expeditions in Computing award, 15 undergraduate students from the City University of New York(1) collaborated on a study aimed at characterizing the voltage dynamics and arrhythmogenic behavior of cardiac cells for a broad range of physiologically relevant conditions using an in silico model. The primary goal of the workshop was to cultivate student interest in computational modeling and analysis of complex systems by introducing them through lectures and laboratory activities to current research in cardiac modeling and by engaging them in a hands-on research experience. The success of the workshop lay in the exposure of the students to active researchers and experts in their fields, the use of hands-on activities to communicate important concepts, active engagement of the students in research, and explanations of the significance of results as the students generated them. The workshop content addressed how spiral waves of electrical activity are initiated in the heart and how different parameter values affect the dynamics of these reentrant waves. Spiral waves are clinically associated with tachycardia, when the waves remain stable, and with fibrillation, when the waves exhibit breakup. All in silico experiments were conducted by simulating a mathematical model of cardiac cells on graphics processing units instead of the standard central processing units of desktop computers. This approach decreased the run time for each simulation to almost real time, thereby allowing the students to quickly analyze and characterize the simulated arrhythmias. Results from these simulations, as well as some of the background and methodology taught during the workshop, is presented in this article along with the programming code and the explanations of simulation results in an effort to allow other teachers and students to perform their own demonstrations, simulations, and studies.     

Queer reproduction revisited and why race,class and citizenship still matters: A response to Cristina Richie

In the dialogue between Timothy F. Murphy and Cristina Richie about queer bioethics and queer reproduction in this journal, significant points of the emergent and extremely important discussions on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and queer bioethics are raised. Richie specifies correctly that queer bioethics can either complement or contradict LGBT bioethics and the queer standpoint against heteroconformity and heterofuturity is decisive here. As the field of queer bioethics is such a recent and essential part of consideration for bioethics and as it is still evolving, the objective of this intervention is to provide both an overview of important milestones of queer bioethics and to highlight that queer bioethics is not mono‐logic and monolithic. To exemplify queer bioethic's ‘many‐headed monsters’, queer reproduction is revisited and complemented by a European viewpoint. It is central to my argument and here I disagree with Richie that to be against heterofuturity does not necessarily mean to be against queer reproduction. However, I also argue that there are other reasons why queer reproduction should not be pursued at all costs. Finally, I discuss the most recent debates on race, class and citizenship, for example, queer necropolitics. These points still need to be addressed in queer bioethical agendas.