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1.
MHC class I characterization of Indonesian cynomolgus macaques 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Pendley CJ Becker EA Karl JA Blasky AJ Wiseman RW Hughes AL O'Connor SL O'Connor DH 《Immunogenetics》2008,60(7):339-351
Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are quickly becoming a useful model for infectious disease and transplantation research. Even though cynomolgus macaques from different geographic regions are used for these studies, there has been limited characterization of full-length major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenetics of distinct geographic populations. Here, we identified 48 MHC class I cDNA nucleotide sequences in eleven Indonesian cynomolgus macaques, including 41 novel Mafa-A and Mafa-B sequences. We found seven MHC class I sequences in Indonesian macaques that were identical to MHC class I sequences identified in Malaysian or Mauritian macaques. Sharing of nucleotide sequences between these geographically distinct populations is also consistent with the hypothesis that Indonesia was a source of the Mauritian macaque population. In addition, we found that the Indonesian cDNA sequence Mafa-B7601 is identical throughout its peptide binding domain to Mamu-B03, an allele that has been associated with control of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) viremia in Indian rhesus macaques. Overall, a better understanding of the MHC class I alleles present in Indonesian cynomolgus macaques improves their value as a model for disease research, and it better defines the biogeography of cynomolgus macaques throughout Southeast Asia. 相似文献
2.
Karl JA Wiseman RW Campbell KJ Blasky AJ Hughes AL Ferguson B Read DS O'Connor DH 《Immunogenetics》2008,60(1):37-46
The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is an excellent model for human disease and vaccine research. Two populations exhibiting distinctive morphological and physiological
characteristics, Indian- and Chinese-origin rhesus macaques, are commonly used in research. Genetic analysis has focused on
the Indian macaque population, but the accessibility of these animals for research is limited. Due to their greater availability,
Chinese rhesus macaques are now being used more frequently, particularly in vaccine and biodefense studies, although relatively
little is known about their immunogenetics. In this study, we discovered major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I cDNAs
in 12 Chinese rhesus macaques and detected 41 distinct Mamu-A and Mamu-B sequences. Twenty-seven of these class I cDNAs were novel, while six and eight of these sequences were previously reported
in Chinese and Indian rhesus macaques, respectively. We then performed microsatellite analysis on DNA from these 12 animals,
as well as an additional 18 animals, and developed sequence specific primer PCR (PCR-SSP) assays for eight cDNAs found in
multiple animals. We also examined our cohort for potential admixture of Chinese and Indian origin animals using a recently
developed panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The discovery of 27 novel MHC class I sequences in this analysis
underscores the genetic diversity of Chinese rhesus macaques and contributes reagents that will be valuable for studying cellular
immunology in this population. 相似文献
3.
Kevin J. Campbell Ann M. Detmer Julie A. Karl Roger W. Wiseman Alex J. Blasky Austin L. Hughes Benjamin N. Bimber Shelby L. O’Connor David H. O’Connor 《Immunogenetics》2009,61(3):177-187
Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) provide increasingly common models for infectious disease research. Several geographically distinct populations of these
macaques from Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius are available for pathogenesis studies. Though host
genetics may profoundly impact results of such studies, similarities and differences between populations are often overlooked.
In this study we identified 47 full-length MHC class I nucleotide sequences in 16 cynomolgus macaques of Filipino origin.
The majority of MHC class I sequences characterized (39 of 47) were unique to this regional population. However, we discovered
eight sequences with perfect identity and six sequences with close similarity to previously defined MHC class I sequences
from other macaque populations. We identified two ancestral MHC haplotypes that appear to be shared between Filipino and Mauritian
cynomolgus macaques, notably a Mafa-B haplotype that has previously been shown to protect Mauritian cynomolgus macaques against challenge with a simian/human immunodeficiency
virus, SHIV89.6P. We also identified a Filipino cynomolgus macaque MHC class I sequence for which the predicted protein sequence differs from
Mamu-B*17 by a single amino acid. This is important because Mamu-B*17 is strongly associated with protection against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge in Indian rhesus macaques. These
findings have implications for the evolutionary history of Filipino cynomolgus macaques as well as for the use of this model
in SIV/SHIV research protocols.
Kevin J. Campbell and Ann M. Detmer contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
4.
O'Connor SL Blasky AJ Pendley CJ Becker EA Wiseman RW Karl JA Hughes AL O'Connor DH 《Immunogenetics》2007,59(6):449-462
There are currently no nonhuman primate models with fully defined major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genetics. We recently showed that six common MHC haplotypes account for essentially all MHC diversity in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from the island of Mauritius. In this study, we employ complementary DNA cloning and sequencing to comprehensively characterize full length MHC class II alleles expressed at the Mafa-DPA, -DPB, -DQA, -DQB, -DRA, and -DRB loci on the six common haplotypes. We describe 34 full-length MHC class II alleles, 12 of which are completely novel. Polymorphism was evident at all six loci including DPA, a locus thought to be monomorphic in rhesus macaques. Similar to other Old World monkeys, Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) share MHC class II allelic lineages with humans at the DQ and DR loci, but not at the DP loci. Additionally, we identified extensive sharing of MHC class II alleles between MCM and other nonhuman primates. The characterization of these full-length-expressed MHC class II alleles will enable researchers to generate MHC class II transferent cell lines, tetramers, and other molecular reagents that can be used to explore CD4+ T lymphocyte responses in MCM. 相似文献
5.
William C. Mahaney Anna Stambolic Mary Knezevich R. G. V. Hancock Susan Aufreiter Kandiah Sanmugadas M. J. Kessler M. D. Grynpas 《Primates; journal of primatology》1995,36(3):323-333
Soil mining and eating (geophagy) behavior of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, is described and assessed with respect to the chemical, geochemical, and mineralogical composition
of the ingested materials. The samples forming the uneaten (control) and eaten (matrix and blocky) groups of soils come from
the top and flanks of a marine terrace underlain with volcanic tuff on Cayo Santiago, off the east shore of Puerto Rico. Both
the uneaten and geophagy samples were analyzed to determine particle size distributions, clay and primary mineralogy, and
soil chemical and geochemical compositions. Primary minerals such as orthoclase and plagioclase feldspar in the clay fraction
is higher in the control group than in the ingested samples. Both the control and matrix plus blocky samples have moderate
to abundant amounts of kaolinite and halloysite (both silicon:aluminum = 1:1 type clay minerals) that may be important as
a stimulus to geophagy behavior. The pH, total salts, and phosphorus levels in both the control and geophagy samples show
considerable overlap with little clear indication of causal factors. Analysis of the geochemical data showed no clear cut
elemental differences to suggest elemental supplementation as a possible explanation for mining and eating of tropical soil.
It is possible that rhesus macaques ingest clay to obtain kaolinite/halloysite minerals which may alter the taste of their
provided food, and may act as pharmaceutical agents to alleviate intestinal ailments such as diarrhea. 相似文献
6.
Drake GJ Kennedy LJ Auty HK Ryvar R Ollier WE Kitchener AC Freeman AR Radford AD 《Molecular ecology》2004,13(1):221-229
There is now considerable evidence to suggest the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) has limited genetic diversity. However, the extent of this and its significance to the fitness of the cheetah population, both in the wild and captivity, is the subject of some debate. This reflects the difficulty associated with establishing a direct link between low variability at biologically significant loci and deleterious aspects of phenotype in this, and other, species. Attempts to study one such region, the feline leucocyte antigen (FLA), are hampered by a general reliance on cloning and sequencing which is expensive, labour-intensive, subject to PCR artefact and always likely to underestimate true variability. In this study we have applied reference strand-mediated conformational analysis (RSCA) to determine the FLA-DRB phenotypes of 25 cheetahs. This technique was rapid, repeatable and less prone to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-induced sequence artefacts associated with cloning. Individual cheetahs were shown to have up to three FLA-DRB genes. A total of five alleles were identified (DRB*ha14-17 and DRB*gd01) distributed among four genotypes. Fifteen cheetahs were DRB*ha14/ha15/ha16/ha17, three were DRB*ha15/ha16/ha17, six were DRB*ha14/ha16/ha17 and one was DRB*ha14/ha15/ha16/ha17/gd01. Sequence analysis of DRB*gd01 suggested it was a recombinant of DRB*ha16 and DRB*ha17. Generation of new alleles is difficult to document, and the clear demonstration of such an event is unusual. This study confirms further the limited genetic variability of the cheetah at a biologically significant region. RSCA will facilitate large-scale studies that will be needed to correlate genetic diversity at such loci with population fitness in the cheetah and other species. 相似文献
7.
Reproductive strategies of rhesus macaques 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Fred B. Bercovitch 《Primates; journal of primatology》1997,38(3):247-263
Reproductive strategies incorporate a multitude of mechanisms that have evolved to promote the reproductive success of individuals.
Evolutionary perspectives tend to emphasize the advantages of male-male competition and female choice as mediators of differential
reproduction. Male rhesus macaques have not been observed to fight for access to sexually receptive females, although they
suffer more wounds during the mating season. An increased likelihood of attacks appears to coincide with male troop entry.
Males who spend more time in consort and mate with more females tend to sire more offspring. Genetic analysis of paternity
has pinpointed age and endurance rivalry, rather than agonistic competition, as key variables associated with variation in
progeny production. Female rhesus macaques often copulate with multiple males during their ovulatory period, and tend to conceive
on the first cycle of the mating season. Female reproductive success is more likely to be a function of offspring survivorship
than the identity of particular male partners. The role of female choice as a direct mediator of male reproductive success
is unresolved, but female mate selection seems to indirectly affect male reproductive success because female preference for
mating with novel males seems to foster male dispersal. Evaluating whether mating preferences for particular male phenotypes
affectsfemale reproductive success is a task for the future. A common denominator to the reproductive strategies of both female and male
rhesus macaques is that feeding patterns affect body condition which influences reproductive output and regulates relative
reproductive success. 相似文献
8.
Pratt BF O'Connor DH Lafont BA Mankowski JL Fernandez CS Triastuti R Brooks AG Kent SJ Smith MZ 《Immunogenetics》2006,58(12):995-1001
Pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) are an increasingly common primate model for the study of human AIDS. Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted CD8+ T cell responses are a critical part of the adaptive immune response to HIV-1 in humans and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in macaques; however, MHC class I alleles have not yet been comprehensively characterized in pigtail macaques. The frequencies of ten previously defined alleles (four Mane-A and six Mane-B) were investigated in detail in 109 pigtail macaques using reference strand-mediated conformational analysis (RSCA). The macaques were derived from three separate breeding colonies in the USA, Indonesia and Australia, and allele frequencies were analysed within and between these groups. Mane-A*10, an allele that restricts the immunodominant SIV Gag epitope KP9, was the most common allele, present in 32.1% of the animals overall, with similar frequencies across the three cohorts. Additionally, RSCA identified a new allele (Mane-A*17) common to three Indonesian pigtail macaques responding to the same Gag CD8+ T cell epitope. This broad characterization of common MHC class I alleles in more than 100 pigtail macaques further develops this animal model for the study of virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses. 相似文献
9.
Joan Silk Jenny Short Jeffrey Roberts Jill Kusnitz 《International journal of primatology》1993,14(1):95-104
We describe some of the sources of variation in gestation length among rhesus macaques. the data were obtained from the timed-mating breeding program at the California Regional Primate Research Center (CRPRC). Information about approximately 700 pregnancies that resulted in spontaneous vaginal deliveries of liveborn young is presented. The average length of these pregnancies was 166.5 days. In this population, older females with higher parities had significantly longer pregnancies and significantly heavier infants than other females did. Other factors, including infant sex, month of conception, maternal reproductive history, and paternal identity, had no consistent effect upon gestation length. 相似文献
10.
David A. Hill 《Primates; journal of primatology》1999,40(1):187-198
Long-term studies have shown remarkable similarity in the social behaviour and relationships of Japanese and rhesus macaques
living in free-ranging groups. The vast majority of these studies have been of provisioned groups and many key principles
have been derived from them. Provisioning is known to influence various aspects of life history and demography, as well as
quantitative aspects of social behaviour, such as the frequencies of grooming and aggression. It has been widely assumed,
however, that the fundamental characteristics of social behaviour and relationships observed in provisioned populations are
representative of those that would occur under natural conditions. This paper reviews findings from fieldwork on Japanese
macaques living under natural conditions, and compares them with patterns of social behaviour reported by multiple studies
of provisioned groups of both species. Differences are apparent in the nature of social relationships between adult females,
between adult males, and between adult males and females. Some of these differences can be attributed to the increased levels
of aggression associated with provisioning. Others appear to be related to demographic peculiarities of provisioned groups,
such as large size and skewed sex ratio. These differences can be used to generate predictions concerning the influence of
ecological variables on the dynamics of social relationships and social structure. Ways in which these predictions could be
tested by further fieldwork on provisioned and natural populations are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Joseph H. Manson 《Primates; journal of primatology》1993,34(3):285-288
Five adult and subadult sons of middle- and low-ranking female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were observed to hold high dominance rank in their natal groups during a 12-month study at Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. Three
of these males also experienced high mating success during at least one mating season. These findings contrast with all previously
published accounts of rank acquisition by natal male rhesus macaques in provisioned colonies, and they present a challenge
to the hypothesis that natal transfer functions to increase male access to fertile females. 相似文献
12.
A 15-year study of the association between dominance rank and reproductive success of male rhesus macaques 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David Glenn Smith 《Primates; journal of primatology》1993,34(4):471-480
The reproductive success (RS) of 32 males in a captive group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) between 1978 and 1992 was determined using paternity exclusion analysis. Dominance rank of each male over age 4 was assessed
at the end of each breeding season based on agonistic dyadic interactions. The dominance rank and RS of these males were strongly
correlated whether or not subadult males were included. The high reproductive success of males that eventually reached alpha
rank is primarily responsible for this outcome. These results support the theory that social dominance has evolved in genusMacaca by sexual selection but some changes in male dominance rank and RS during the 15-year period suggest that priority of access
is not the sole focus for such selection. 相似文献
13.
The feeding ecology of rhesus monkeys,Macaca mulatta, was studied between 1978 and 1981. The study site, located in the Murree Hills of northwestern Pakistan, supported a mixed
coniferous-deciduous forest community and was characterized by a high degree of human disturbance. We used a linear transect
method to sample the species composition and structure of the vegetation. Comparison of these data with historical records
showed that the forest has undergone major changes in the last hundred years. Data on feeding behavior were collected through
on-the-minute focal animal sampling. The monkeys spent about 45% of the day feeding. Their preferred foods were grass, clover,
and other ground herbs that occur in the disturbed sites. Fruit accounted for less than 9% of feeding records. The rhesus
monkey may be pre-adapted to living in disturbed-site, forest-edge communities. The evolutionary history of Macaca mulatta
may be tied closely to the disappearance of forest and the spread of meadows and savannahs over the last million years. 相似文献
14.
A comparison of the mating behavior of adolescent and adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study compares adult and adolescent female rhesus macaques with regard to (1) characteristics of their copulatory partners,
(2) their proceptive behaviors, and (3) adult male behaviors toward them during estrus. We conducted focal follows of 24 adolescent
and 65 adult free-ranging estrous female rhesus macaques on Cayo Santiago during two mating seasons. Compared to adult females,
adolescents presented sexually to males at higher rates; copulated more frequently with rankless young male, and extra-group
males; and, in one of two mating seasons, were ignored more frequently by males to whom they presented sexually. Adolescents
tended to copulate with ranked, resident males at higher frequencies on days when the operational sex ratio (adult males:estrous
adult females) was high. Males directed “muzzle-up” signals to adolescents at lower rates than to adults in one of two mating
seasons, although this effect vanished when males who might have fathered adolescent females were excluded from analysis.
Adolescents did not differ consistently from adults in strength of the correlation between proximity maintenance (dyadic Hinde's
Index) and copulation rate, or in approach rate to males. Adolescent females, relative to adult females, presented sexually
more to rankless young males, but did not present more to ranked, resident males. Both proximate (e.g. endocrine) and ultimate
(e.g. differential fecundity; female-female mate competition) explanations may account for the reported differences between
adult and adolescent female rhesus macaque sexuality. 相似文献
15.
Joseph H. Manson 《Primates; journal of primatology》1994,35(4):417-433
Birth season adult heterosexual nonkin relationships of 50 free-ranging female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in two social groups at Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico were examined using focal follow (289 hr) and ad lib data. Eighty-eight
percent of subjects had at least one relationship characterized by particularly high frequencies of spatial proximity, grooming,
or both. These were designated “friendships.” Males intervened in aggressive interactions more frequently on behalf of Friends
than non-Friends. Female aggressive support of males was extremely rare. Higher-ranking males experienced more friendships
than lower-ranking males. High-ranking females had higher-ranking Friends than low-ranking females. Older females had higher-ranking
Friends than younger females. Females groomed high-ranking Friends more than they were groomed by them, whereas they groomed
low-ranking Friends less than they were groomed by them. In one social group, high-ranking females were more likely than low-ranking
females to groom their Friends more than they were groomed by them. Males were more responsible than females for spatial proximity
maintenance in 9 of 14 Friend dyads for which sufficient data were available. Neither male nor female dominance rank affected
responsibility for proximity maintenance in Friend dyads.
Eight of 24 females had friendships with males with whom they had completed copulations during their conception peri-ovulatory
period of the preceding mating season. Two of 19 females completed peri-ovulatory copulations with Friends during the following
mating season. Friendship was not correlated with either of two demonstrated female mate choice indicators: (1) proximity
maintenance during estrus; or (2) cooperation with male “hip-grasp” courtship attempts. Males directed “muzzle-up” courtship
signals at lower rates toward Friends than toward non-Friends.
These and other investigators' results indicate that (1) protection from aggression is the primary benefit to female rhesus
macaques of birth season heterosexual relationships; (2) the most effective protectors are in greatest demand as Friends;
and (3) friendship has no effect or an inhibitory effect on mate choice in this species. Benefits to males of friendships
were not apparent from this study but may include coalitional support against lower-ranking males. 相似文献
16.
17.
Shawn M. Lehman Linda L. Taylor Stephen Phillip Easley 《International journal of primatology》1994,15(1):115-128
We gathered data over a 3-year period (1988–1990) on two free-ranging, island populations of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)to test hypotheses concerning birth seasonal asynchrony and the relationship between climate and reproductive seasonality.
Rhesus macaques from Kashmir, India, were translocated to Key Lois in 1973 and from Key Lois to Raccoon Key in 1978. Both
sites are low-lying mangrove islands in the Florida Keys. Floral diversity and abundance are greater on Raccoon Key than on
Key Lois. Average maximal and minimal temperatures per month did not vary significantly between Raccoon Key and Key Lois over
the 3-year period. Average minimal temperatures per month on Key Lois, but not Raccoon Key, varied significantly between years.
There were no significant variations in either the amount or the dates of rainfall over the 3-year period for the study area.
A combined total of 1524 births was recorded for Raccoon Key (N = 879) and Key Lois (N =645). The birth season on Raccoon Key began 6 weeks earlier than on Key Lois. Births were associated with warmer, rainier
months on both islands. Conceptions were associated with cooler, drier months at both study sites. No significant correlations
were found between the date of the onset of the summer rains and either median conception or median birth dates on Raccoon
Key or Key Lois. Our results do not substantiate the hypothesis that the onset of rainfall, within the temporal period set
by photoperiod, regulates seasonal reproduction in rhesus macaques. We suggest that reproductive seasonality in the study
populations may be influenced by a variety of factors. 相似文献
18.
The sexual behavior displayed by nine old (20-year and older) rhesus (Macaca mulatta) males in 10-min tests was compared to that displayed in 1-hr tests. The tests were part of a long-term study on the decline
in male sexual activity that accompanies old age. The males were paired with 10 ovariectomized, estrogentreated females in
two blocks of 10 tests; each male was tested once with each female in each test block. The percentages of males that achieved
intromissions and ejaculated in the two test blocks were the same (P < 0.05). Although the percentage of tests in which males
displayed these behaviors was higher in the longer-test block (P > 0.05), there was a significant positive correlation of
performance in 10-min tests with performance in 1-hr tests. Assuming a random distribution of contacting, mounting, intromission,
and ejaculation throughout the hour, we would have predicted a significantly lower number of these behaviors in the first
10 min of the 1-hr tests than we actually observed. The mean percentages of 1-hr tests with contacting, mounting, intromission,
and ejaculation was significantly lower than that of 10-min tests conducted with the same males 11 years earlier. Thus, the
decline in sexual performance was not an artifact of the limited (10-min) test duration. 相似文献
19.
Male rank,reproductive behavior,and reproductive success in free-ranging rhesus macaques 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
John D. Berard Peter Nürnberg Jorg T. Epplen Jorg Schmidtke 《Primates; journal of primatology》1993,34(4):481-489
Paternity assessment through DNA fingerprinting by synthetic oligonucleotide probes was applied to one birth cohort in a social
group of free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago. The 11 group males and 9 males from other groups were observed mating with the females. Paternity was
determined for 11 of the 15 infants. Male dominance rank was not associated with reproductive success. High-ranking resident
males (N=5) sired 27% of the infants born during a one-year study. Four of the 11 infants of known paternity were sired by males of
other social groups. The four infants of unknown paternity were sired either by males not observed mating with the females
or the low-ranking male who was not fingerprinted. Male dominance rank was not associated with reproductive activity during
conception cycles. These results suggest that the effect of rank on male reproductive success is not a predictable correlation,
but a conditional probability. 相似文献
20.
Linda D. Wolfe 《Primates; journal of primatology》1986,27(1):95-101
This paper offers a comparison of the reproductive biology of the Japanese macaques of Arashiyama, Japan and the free-ranging
rhesus macaques of Silver Springs, Florida, U.S.A. The data indicate that rhesus macaques of Silver Springs have a higher
reproductive rate than the Japanese macaques of Arashiyama. The reproducive rate of the rhesus monkeys over three birth seasons
is 82% and that for the Japanese macaque is 53%. The higher reproductive rate of rhesus monkeys is accomplished through an
earlier onset of sexual maturation (4 and 5 years for the rhesus and 5 and 6 years for the Japanese monkeys) and a shorter
interbirth interval (14.27±5.54 months for rhesus and 18.00±6.57 months for Japanese monkeys). It is suggested that, because
of the relatively harsh winters experienced by Japanese macaques, the slower reproductive rate of the Japanese monkeys has
been selected for in order to enable females to lengthen the time in which maternal care is extended to their offspring. 相似文献