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微生物基因组注释系统MGAP 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
利用生物信息学方法和工具开发了微生物基因组注释系统(Microbial genome annotation package, MGAP),并用于蓝细菌PCC7002的基因组注释。该系统由基因组注释系统和基于Web的用户接口程序两部分组成。基因组注释系统整合多个基因识别、功能预测和序列分析软件;以及蛋白质序列数据库、蛋白质资源信息系统和直系同源蛋白质家族数据库等。用户接口程序包括基因组环状图展示、基因和开放读码框在染色体上的分布图,以及注释信息检索工具。该系统基于PC微机和Linux操作系统,用MySQL作数据库管理系统、用Apache作Web服务器程序,用Perl脚本语言编写应用程序接口,上述软件均可免费获得。 相似文献
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王建 《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2017,33(8):760-767
随着“蛋白质组学”的蓬勃发展和人类对生物大分子功能机制的知识积累,涌现出海量的蛋白质相互作用数据。随之,研究者开发了300多个蛋白质相互作用数据库,用于存储、展示和数据的重利用。蛋白质相互作用数据库是系统生物学、分子生物学和临床药物研究的宝贵资源。本文将数据库分为3类:(1)综合蛋白质相互作用数据库;(2)特定物种的蛋白质相互作用数据库;(3)生物学通路数据库。重点介绍常用的蛋白质相互作用数据库,包括BioGRID、STRING、IntAct、MINT、DIP、IMEx、HPRD、Reactome和KEGG等。 相似文献
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家蚕神经肽基因的筛查及成熟肽的预测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
神经肽(neuropeptide)是家蚕Bombyx mori体内重要的调控物质。为了充分理解神经肽对家蚕发育的调控, 扩充家蚕神经肽的数量, 本研究利用BLAST的tblastn程序结合OpenOffice软件的查找程序, 基于其他昆虫和无脊椎动物神经肽的同源性和保守的结构特点, 在家蚕基因、理论蛋白质数据库及NCBI中进行全面而系统的基因筛查; 并利用各种在线工具对所筛查到基因和理论蛋白质的结构和成熟肽进行预测分析。结果共获得allatostatin-A (AST-A), allatostatin-B (AST-B), allatostatin-C (AST-C), allatropin (AT), ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP)和FMRFamide等31个神经肽基因家族, 包括37个神经肽基因亚家族, 共计44个神经肽基因; 预测出193个成熟的神经肽, 其中73个根据家族同源性预测在C末端发生酰胺化, 而6个被预测在N末端发生了环化, 9个被预测酪氨酸发生了硫酸化。大部分成熟神经肽都具有明显的家族结构特征, 但proctolin, CCAP及CAPA-PK成熟肽结构上与其他昆虫相比有所扩展。结果提示, 家蚕神经和内分泌细胞产生了几乎在所有昆虫中具有的神经肽前体; 进化过程中大部分成熟神经肽的氨基酸序列在种间产生了差异, 但家族特征性基序高度保守。本研究为神经肽功能研究以及神经肽对家蚕发育尤其是蛹期发育调控的研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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食品生物技术相关专利分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着生物技术在食品工业应用日益深入,以基因工程为先导,以发酵工程、酶工程技术为核心.包括蛋白质工程和生物分离工程在内的食品生物技术已成为提升我国食品工业技术含量、参与市场竞争的重要核心技术。本文以Derwent Innovation Index(DⅡ)数据库和Aureka数据库为基础,对上游(基因工程)、中游(发酵工程、酶工程与蛋白质工程)、下游(生物分离工程、食品安全检测)食品生物技术相关专利进行研究分析。 相似文献
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Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable fuel sources. Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) has been used for biodiesel production because of its high activity and stability. However, CalB can only be utilized in industrial biodiesel production if the enzyme deactivation by methanol and the negative effects of glycerol can be mitigated. Methanol inhibition can be avoided by utilizing a stepwise addition of methanol, but there is no suitable method to reduce the glycerol effect. This study aims to use a membrane bioreactor system to remove glycerol during biodiesel production. In addition, methanol inhibition can be reduced by continuously feeding methanol through the membrane system. This continuous membrane bioreactor system can be used for efficient biodiesel production. 相似文献
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接合转移诱动系统在遗传分析和体内基因操作中的应用赵巍,张成刚,蔺继尚(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)细菌间DNA的转移主要有转化、转导、接合和原生质体融合等几种形式。接合是通过供体菌和受体菌完整细胞间的直接接触,而传递大段DNA的方法,... 相似文献
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Emily J. Chadwick David P. Yang Mariella G. Filbin Emanuele Mazzola Yu Sun Oded Behar Maria F. Pazyra-Murphy Liliana Goumnerova Keith L. Ligon Charles D. Stiles Rosalind A. Segal 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2015,(105)
Brain tumors are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Developing new therapeutics for these cancers is difficult, as many of these tumors are not easily grown in standard culture conditions. Neurosphere cultures under serum-free conditions and orthotopic xenografts have expanded the range of tumors that can be maintained. However, many types of brain tumors remain difficult to propagate or study. This is particularly true for pediatric brain tumors such as pilocytic astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. This protocol describes a system that allows primary human brain tumors to be grown in culture. This quantitative assay can be used to investigate the effect of microenvironment on tumor growth, and to test new drug therapies. This protocol describes a system where fluorescently labeled brain tumor cells are grown on an organotypic brain slice from a juvenile mouse. The response of tumor cells to drug treatments can be studied in this assay, by analyzing changes in the number of cells on the slice over time. In addition, this system can address the nature of the microenvironment that normally fosters growth of brain tumors. This brain tumor organotypic slice co-culture assay provides a propitious system for testing new drugs on human tumor cells within a brain microenvironment. 相似文献
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J R Jara J H Martinez-Liarte F Solano 《Pigment cell research / sponsored by the European Society for Pigment Cell Research and the International Pigment Cell Society》1990,3(6):290-296
The main characteristics of L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) uptake by B16/F10 malignant melanocytes are reported. This amino acid can be taken up by two systems, both of them being saturable. The first one would be system L. This system can be studied in cells preloaded with amino acids that are a good substrate for system L, such as L-methionine or L-tryptophan. The kinetic parameters for L-Tyr uptake by this transport system are Vm = 6.5 pmol L-Tyr/10(3) cells.min and Km around 130 microM. The second system, probably the system ASC, shows lower capacity but higher affinity than the former. This system can be detected only in cells previously depleted of amino acids, showing approximate kinetic values of Vm 0.05 pmol L-Tyr/10(3) cells.min and Km around 5 microM. It is shown that the increase in cell density yields a decrease in the rate of L-Tyr uptake by system L, but this increase does not affect the high affinity system, alpha-MSH does not affect significantly the L-Tyr uptake by both systems. 2-Amino bicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid produces a remarkable inhibition of the rate of L-Tyr uptake, but alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid does not affect the rate of transport of this amino acid. The absence of sodium produces a slight but reliable decrease in the rate of L-Tyr uptake, supporting the involvement of two different transport systems. The ionophores monensin and nigericin enhance the transport by system L, but this effect is suppressed by the presence of ouabain. This finding indicates that the (Na+ -K+)-ATPase is essential for the stimulating action of ionophores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Quantitative integration of the cardiovascular system and synthesis of drug actions: another attempt
This article describes the latest version of a computer program, first published in 1982, that attempts to integrate quantitatively the physiological and pharmacological knowledge of the cardiovascular system. This new version incorporates pressure-induced autoregulation of arterioles, distensibility of venous and pulmonary resistances, and some aspects of pericardial constraint on cardiac function. The program allows the researcher or student to explore the complex interactions resulting from changes in a wide variety of cardiovascular parameters and to synthesize the cardiovascular actions of drugs in the human, dog, or cat. The program can be run on an IBM-compatible computer with math coprocessor and with DOS as the operating system. The program can be modified by licensed users of QuickBasic. The program is available on diskette from the authors. This model represents our attempt to put together some of the complex interactions within the cardiovascular system. Every relationship, every initialized parameter, and every drug action can be questioned and alternatives can be proposed. However, the model allows these alternatives to be tested and their consequences to be predicted. We believe that the value of the model lies in the thought, discussion, and experiments that can be generated by this process. 相似文献
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Ecological and evolutionary principles in immunology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wodarz D 《Ecology letters》2006,9(6):694-705
Experimental immunology has given rise to detailed insights into how immune cells react to infectious agents and fight pathogens. At the same time, however, the interplay between infectious agents and immune responses can be viewed as an ecological system in vivo . This is characterized by complex interactions between species of immune cells and populations of pathogens. This review discusses how an understanding of the immune system can be aided by the application of ecological and evolutionary principles: competition, predation, and the evolution of viruses in vivo . These concepts can shed light onto important immunological concepts such as the correlates of efficient virus control, immunodominance, the relationship between viral evolution and the development of pathology, as well as the ability of the immune system to control immunosuppressive infections. 相似文献
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比色法测定Fenton反应产生的羟自由基 总被引:107,自引:0,他引:107
Fenton反应产生的羟自由基能与水杨酸生成羟基化产物2,3-二羟基苯甲酸,用比色法测定其含量能间接测定羟自由基的生成量.通过对测定条件的研究,得到最佳的测定方案.可作为一种简便的筛选羟自由基清除剂的方法 相似文献
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ISO 14041 requires that allocation by physical causality must reflect the quantitative changes in product outputs or functions
and will not necessarily be in proportion to simple physical measure such as mass. This paper examines the instances where
physical causality can be represented by mass. However, it also goes further than ISO to demonstrate that the type of causality
in the system is not necessarily always the same and can change depending on the way the system is operated. Whole system
modelling and the marginal allocation approach are used to identify the correct type of causality for different operating
states of the system and the corresponding changes in the environmental burdens. This is generally not possible with the other
allocation methods, also examined in this paper. Both process- and product-related burdens are considered and the approach
is illustrated by a reference to an existing system producing five boron co-products 相似文献
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近年来, 被动声学监测技术被广泛应用于陆生哺乳动物的监测, 它能以较低的价格和非侵入的方式在特定区域进行野生动物无人值守监测, 面临的主要问题是需要人工收回数据和后期数据分析整理较为困难。本研究设计了一套被动声学监测系统用于西黑冠长臂猿(Nomascus concolor)监测, 监测系统在野外由太阳能供电, 使用自研的指向性拾音器阵列采集鸣声数据, 并通过无线网桥实时传输数据至管护局办公楼的服务器进行存储, 通过后台的鸣声数据管理系统辅助研究人员识别鸣声和辨认鸣声来源方向, 简化数据采集和处理流程。该系统在哀牢山国家级自然保护区枇杷箐科研监听点对两个西黑冠长臂猿群体进行了351天的连续监测, 特点为: 系统运行长期稳定, 数据通过无线方式传输便捷高效且不受季节天气影响。指向性拾音器阵列能有效分辨长臂猿鸣声来源方向, 弥补了传统监测设备难以分辨鸣声方向的缺陷。该系统与现有人工监测方法相比在数据采集的持续性、连续性、完整度以及鸣声数据处理智能化和监测成本方面均具有一定优势, 符合西黑冠长臂猿持续长期监测需求, 未来可作为西黑冠长臂猿自动化监测的解决方案进行推广应用。 相似文献